English LCCC Newsbulletin For Lebanese, Lebanese Related, Global News & Editorials
For September 23/2026
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani
#elias_bejjani_news


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Bible Quotations For today
Whoever is not against us is for us. For truly I tell you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you bear the name of Christ will by no means lose the reward.

Mark 09/38-50: "John said to Jesus, ‘Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.’But Jesus said, ‘Do not stop him; for no one who does a deed of power in my name will be able soon afterwards to speak evil of me. Whoever is not against us is for us. For truly I tell you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you bear the name of Christ will by no means lose the reward. ‘If any of you put a stumbling-block before one of these little ones who believe in me, it would be better for you if a great millstone were hung around your neck and you were thrown into the sea. If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off; it is better for you to enter life maimed than to have two hands and to go to hell, to the unquenchable fire. And if your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off; it is better for you to enter life lame than to have two feet and to be thrown into hell.+t,+u And if your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out; it is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and to be thrown into hell, where their worm never dies, and the fire is never quenched. ‘For everyone will be salted with fire."Salt is good; but if salt has lost its saltiness, how can you season it? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another.’"

Titles For The English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on September 22-23/2026
The Riachi Incense Burner and Patriarch Al-Rai Who Boasts of Ignoring Criticism While Adoring Food and Sleep/Elias Bejjani/September 22/ 2026
Faith Reflections on the Meanings and Concepts of Humility/Elias Bejjani/September 21, 2026
Video link & text for an interview with Dr. Charles Chartouni from Spot Shot Youtube website
Katz says displacement, destruction and occupation are the 'language' that Hamas, Hezbollah understand
Aoun says Lebanese must draw strength from one another, not from abroad
Salam meets leaders on UN sidelines, says 'no state with two armies'
Lebanon needs international force after peacekeepers leave, PM tells UN chief
Hundreds on hunger strike in Roumieh as amnesty stalled
On International Peace Day, UNIFIL reaffirms shared aspiration for peace, despite ongoing conflict
Report: Qatar, Turkey leading efforts to resolve situation in south Lebanon
Argentine judge charges 7 Iranians, one Lebanese over 1994 attack on Jewish center
EU rewards journalists from Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Iraq at 2026 edition of Samir Kassir Award
What’s Left of Hezbollah Two Years after the War?
No change, no reshuffle: PM Salam government set to remain intact
FM Raggi meets Lebanese community in New York, highlights ties to homeland
Lebanon's fuel prices continue to increase
The Shia in Lebanon – Part 2 – By Col Charbel Barakat/Colonel Charbel Barakat/September 22/2026
UN: Paris Wants to Replace UNIFIL With a 'Different Type' of Presence/Sylviane Zehil/LevantTime/September 22, 2026

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on September 22-23/2026
Trump Says US and Iranian Officials Met Tuesday, Shortly After Warning He May ‘Annihilate’ Iran
Trump warns in UN speech he could ‘annihilate’ Iran without peace deal
Trump says US held ‘very productive’ three-hour meeting with Iran
Trump Renames AI ‘Super Intelligence’ as Leaders Jostle Over Dangers
Iran hardened demands for ending war with US after June deal collapsed, IRGC says
Iran Ready to Reopen Strait of Hormuz if US Eases Military Pressure, Lifts Blockade
Baghdad, Muscat stop accepting Iranian flights, Iranian agency says
China says opposes 'illegal' US sanctions on Iran airlines
G7 Foreign Ministers Call on Iran to Stop Arming Houthis
Turkey’s Erdogan urges world to ‘immediately’ start rebuilding Gaza
UN Farewell, Macron Denounces Trump’s Gaza Diplomacy as Spectacle of Shame
FMs of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan, Türkiye Condemn Houthi Attacks on Saudi Arabia
Far-Right Israeli Minister Seeks Defense Post in Next Government
Katz vows to force out all of Gaza City if any Israeli abducted
Zelenskiy Says He Discussed Energy Truce, Efforts to End Russia War with Trump

Titles For The Latest English LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on September 22-23/2026
China Is Not Our Friend/Drieu Godefridi/Gatestone Institute/September 22, 2026
Who Is More Powerful: Saudi Arabia or Iran?/Abdulrahman Al-Rashed/Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
The Mecca Agreement and the Emergence of a Fourth Regional Balance?/Nawaf Kabbara/LevantTime/September 22, 2026
AI economy: Between American capitalism and Chinese communism/Yousef Algoos/Al Arabiya English/22 September ,2026
Selected Face Book & X tweets on September 22/2026

Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on September 22-23/2026
The Riachi Incense Burner and Patriarch Al-Rai Who Boasts of Ignoring Criticism While Adoring Food and Sleep
Elias Bejjani/September 22/ 2026
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/09/157715/
https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gbhq3RVhcTI6Zg00aK8lOF

Jesus said to his disciples: “Things that cause people to stumble are bound to come, but woe to anyone through whom they come. It would be better for them to be thrown into the sea with a millstone tied around their neck than to cause one of these little ones to stumble. (Luke 17:01-06)
On the fifteenth of this current month (September 2026) the website of the Municipality of Hamalaya published a report on Facebook covering the proceedings of a ceremony held in the town, apparently related to Saint Rafqa, the daughter of the town, attended by MP Melhem Riachi and Patriarch al-Rai.
Attached is the Video link and text of the video which is the subject of the commentary… and it seems it was deleted from the municipality’s website after the criticism it received.
Literal text of Melhem Riachi’s praise for the Patriarch and the Patriarch’s reply:
Melhem Riachi: “Anyone who thinks or dreams of thinking that we want to change Sayyidna Bshara and bring another Patriarch, must know that Sayyidna Bshara is the Patriarch of the Catholics before the Maronites. We are with Sayyidna Bshara at the bottom of the river and at the top of Mount Sannine. Long live you, long live Sayyidna Bshara, and long live Lebanon”.
Patriarch al-Rai: “I want to thank you for your love. I want to thank you for everything in which you express your love for the Church, for Saint Rafqa, for me personally. And especially I want to thank His Excellency the MP, you made it very precious. Thank you, thank you for your love. I know your love is great and I know this talk comes from your heart. In any case, there is nothing new. People write whatever they want to write. Today the media and means of communication write whatever they want. I will tell you something, a secret: I don’t read anything. I don’t know, I don’t know what they are writing.”
I know they tell me someone wrote, they tell me they wrote. What did they write? I don’t know, I don’t read. I tell them I want to keep eating with a clear conscience. I want to keep sleeping soundly seven hours, eight hours, and I want to wake up to my work and keep my mind at ease.
I know my job, I know when I have to submit my resignation.
Personally, I was not at all surprised by the theatrical performance of both Riachi and Sayyidna, but certainly, certainly many of the sons of our flock did not know that the new standard of holiness announced in Hamalaya, the birthplace of Saint Rafqa who lived in pain, fasting and prayer, is “the ability and appetite to eat with a clear conscience no matter how harsh and painful the circumstances are, and to sleep seven and eight hours” soundly without caring about what befalls the flock and the nation.
And as shown in the video and its text, MP Melhem Riachi, known for his Rasputin-like style and specialized in incense-burning, boot-licking, and vulgar praise, presented us with one of his usual acts of flattery and sycophancy: “at the bottom of the river and at the top of Sannine.” Words that no politician who respects himself and his position as an MP for Metn would say, but rather a doorkeeper at the palace gate would say. An MP of the Lebanese Forces, who is supposed to represent the project of a state of law and institutions, announces to us that the Patriarch is the Patriarch of the Catholics before the Maronites, as if the Patriarchate has become a Vatican province and not an Antiochian See.
As for the major calamity, it came from the mouth of His Beatitude Sayyidna himself. The Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, Beshara al-Rai, informs and announces to his people and flock with all pride and without shame or fear that he does not read, does not know, and does not want to know what is written. And he tells us about his open appetite for eating and his deep sleep soundly.
O Your Beatitude the Patriarch, O Sayyidna al-Rai who does not read, does not hear, and does not want to know what the flock says, he is not a shepherd, he is merely a hired hand who sleeps while the wolf devours the sheep.
The Patriarch who boasts of his isolation from people, that is from his flock, and boasts of his appetite for eating, indifferent to their concerns and their opinions about his role and practices and that he does not read, insults first and foremost his own position before insulting the flock. And it seems that due to lack of faith and despair, it escaped Sayyidna’s mind that the position of Patriarch is not a restaurant where he fills his stomach with delicious foods, nor a hotel where he sleeps soundly seven-eight hours, but rather a position of prayer, fasting, holiness, serious faithful work, preaching, staying awake, anxiety and responsibility.
From the Holy Bible we borrow the following verses that narrate the concept and culture of irresponsibility and isolation from the flock and selfishness and death of conscience as is unfortunately the condition of Sayyidna.

Faith Reflections on the Meanings and Concepts of Humility
Elias Bejjani/September 21, 2026
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/09/157698/
Humility is not weakness, nor artificial brokenness, nor a garment we wear before people. Humility is truth. The truth that a person knows himself before God, before himself, and before his fellow human being. And the truly humble person is the one who knows that everything he has is a free gift, so he does not boast and become arrogant and tyrannical as if he had not received all that he has freely from his Creator.
For this reason, Saint Jacob of Serugh distinguishes between two kinds of humility, saying: "There is a humility that comes from the fear of God, and there is a humility that comes from God Himself. There is one who is humble because he fears God, and there is one who is humble because he knows joy.
He who is humble because he fears God finds sweetness in his body, balance of the senses, and a broken heart at all times. But he who is humble because he knows joy finds great relief and an open heart and joy, so nothing restrains him or weighs him down." The first humility is the beginning of the road, a holy fear of being lost. The second humility is the summit of the road, the joy of one who has realized that God loves him freely.
The Servant Returning from the Field
At the foundation of the moral theology of humility, the Lord Jesus lays down a golden rule that demolishes every philosophy of human arrogance. In the Gospel of Luke He says: "And which of you, having a servant plowing or tending sheep, will say to him when he has come in from the field, ‘Come at once and sit down to eat’? But will he not rather say to him, ‘Prepare something for my supper, and gird yourself and serve me till I have eaten and drunk, and afterward you will eat and drink’? Does he thank that servant because he did the things that were commanded him? I think not. So likewise you, when you have done all those things which you are commanded, say, ‘We are unprofitable servants. We have done what was our duty to do.’" (Luke 17:7-10).
This parable is shocking to the ethics of this world.
In the logic of the world, he who does his duty we lift up, applaud, thank, and we may even erect a statue for him. In the logic of the Gospel, he who does his duty has no special merit. Why? Because duty is not a favor. The servant who plowed and tended sheep and then prepared supper for his master and waited until he finished, and then went to eat himself, deserves no thanks because he did what he was supposed to do. So he said: I am a lowly servant, I have done my duty and that is enough. And herein lies the dangerous moral and social disease in our societies: We thank the official because he did not steal, and we thank the employee because he came to work, and we thank the ruler because he performed his most basic duties, and we thank the clergyman because he prayed, and we thank the father because he raised his children. And this is a wrong and value-destroying human behavior. When we thank someone for doing his duty, we turn duty into a favor, and right into a gift, and faithfulness into heroism. So we teach people that the norm is negligence, and that doing one's duty is an exception that deserves a reward. And this is the very essence of moral corruption.
The truly humble person does not wait for thanks because he completed his duty. Rather, he says in his heart: "We are unprofitable servants." Not out of self-contempt, but out of realization of the truth: that life itself, and health, and talent, and the opportunity to serve, are all free gifts from God, so how can I ask for a wage for what was given to me freely? And here comes the decisive saying of Christ: "Freely you have received, freely give." (Matthew 10:8). We received salvation freely, we received talents freely, we received gifts freely. So how can we sell what we received freely for the price of thanks, praise, and power?
The Arrogant and the Humble: Two Opposite Schools
The arrogant lives in a constant argument: Who is the greatest? And this is what the Lord revealed in Capernaum: "Then He and His disciples came to Capernaum; and when He was in the house He asked them, 'What was it you disputed among yourselves on the road?' But they kept silent, for on the road they had disputed among themselves who would be the greatest." (Mark 9:33-34).
This is the arrogant person; even the Apostles before the coming of the Holy Spirit upon them fell into it. He wants to sit at the right and at the left: "Grant us that we may sit, one on Your right hand and the other on Your left, in Your glory." (Mark 10:37).
The arrogant wants glory before the cup, the chair before the cross, thanks before work. He lives to be served, not to serve. And the Lord says about the arrogant rulers of the nations: "Those who are considered rulers over the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them." (Mark 10:42).
To lord over and to exercise authority. This is the language of arrogance. As for the humble, his school is completely different — the school of the child: "So Jesus sat down, called the twelve, and said to them, 'If anyone desires to be first, he shall be last of all and servant of all.' Then He took a little child and set him in the midst of them." (Mark 9:35-36). "Let the little children come to Me, and do not forbid them; for of such is the kingdom of God. Assuredly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will by no means enter it." (Luke 18:16-17).
The child does not argue about who is the greatest. The child does not ask for thanks because he breathed or ate or played. The child receives freely and gives freely with simplicity and joy. Therefore the Lord said: "Yet it shall not be so among you; but whoever desires to become great among you shall be your servant. And whoever of you desires to be first shall be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many." (Mark 10:43-45).
Practical Humility: Freely Give
The Lord instructs His twelve disciples when He sent them to preach the Bible: "Go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel... Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give. Provide neither gold nor silver nor copper in your money belts." (Matthew 10:5-9).
This is the ethic of humility: Carry no gold. The humble does not trade with his service. Heal freely. Do not ask for thanks or reward because you did your human and evangelical duty.  Enter the house and greet it. And if they reject you, shake the dust off your feet and go on.
The humble does not impose himself, nor does he emotionally blackmail people to thank him. As for the arrogant, Saint Jude says about him: "There will be mockers in the last time who would walk according to their own ungodly lusts. These are sensual persons, who cause divisions, not having the Spirit." (Jude 1:18-19).
The arrogant causes division because he always seeks the first seat, the thanks, and the glory. The humble builds, as the Apostle says: "But you, beloved, building yourselves up on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit, keep yourselves in the love of God." (Jude 1:20-21).
Conclusion
Humility is not to say with your tongue "I am lowly" while your heart waits for people to tell you, "No, you are great." Humility is to do your duty in silence, like the servant returning from the field, preparing the food for your master, serving, then eating yourself in hiddenness, and saying in your heart with joy: I have done what I had to do. And that is enough.
When we stop thanking people because they did their duty, we restore to duty its sacredness. And when we ourselves stop waiting for thanks because we did our duty, we become free.
So do not ask for thanks if you are a good father, for that is your duty.
And do not ask for thanks if you are a watchful mother, for that is your duty.
And do not ask for thanks if you are a faithful employee or an honest official, for that is your duty.
Say with the Lord: I am an unprofitable servant, I have done what was my duty to do.
And live with the joy of one who knows that everything he received freely, he gives freely.
**The author, Elias Bejjani, is a Lebanese expatriate activist
Author’s Email: Phoenicia@hotmail.com

Video link & text for an interview with Dr. Charles Chartouni from Spot Shot Youtube website addressing the deadlock of the US-Lebanese-Israeli Framework Agreement and Lebanon's position in the new regional map, in addition to the failure of the Lebanese state and its rulers due to their absolute and humiliating subservience to Hezbollah's dictates
September 22, 2026'

https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/09/157739/
Note/Transcription, summarization, formulation of texts, titles and translation to English by Elias Bejjani with full freedom
Introduction
In light of the diplomatic deadlock, Dr. Chartouni places Lebanon in the category of "nowhere" for the Americans. The American initiative that crystallized in the so-called Framework Agreement has stalled at a certain point and has not produced an executive mechanism, and Washington today - according to him - is dealing with Lebanon with a logic of accepting the fait accompli.
The interview goes beyond the internal Lebanese file to link it to three intertwined axes:
1- The retreat of the Lebanese ruling authority from its commitments,
2- Iran's attempt to revive the policy of unity of fronts through its proxies,
3- A new regional repositioning that is pushing Saudi Arabia to communicate under the table with Israel after the failure of its other bets.
General Summary of the Interview
Dr. Chartouni considers that the fundamental problem is not Israeli, but an internal Lebanese one. Israel says it is committed to the Framework Agreement on the basis of parallelism: a gradual Israeli withdrawal in exchange for confining weapons to the state and ending sovereign exceptions. While the recent speech of President Joseph Aoun - who spoke of a unilateral Israeli withdrawal first and then the state doing its job - is a clear retreat from what he pledged at the White House, in his words. He interprets the praise of US President Donald Trump for President Aoun as a process of stimulation and recording an achievement for himself as the sole mediator, and not an actual adoption of Lebanese policy.
On the internal level, Dr. Chartouni describes the Lebanese governance as completely fragmented - contradictory positions between the President of the Republic, Prime Minister Nawaf Salam and his deputy Tarek Mitri, and the ministers of Hezbollah, Amal, and the Lebanese Forces. He calls President Aoun the "king of paradoxes and contradictory positions" because he believes he is able to play on the contradictions of the axes, while Lebanon's size as a state does not allow it to do so. He believes that Lebanon still deals with Hezbollah as a legitimate partner and counterpart to the state, while coexistence between the state and the party has ended from the American perspective since Secretary Marco Rubio pulled the Lebanese file from the Iranian track to the Lebanese-Israeli track.
Militarily, Dr. Chartouni says that Hezbollah's military leadership ended after the liquidations, and whoever is running operations today directly is an officer in the Iranian intelligence named Mohammad Reza al-Shaibani and the leadership of the Revolutionary Guard, and this is what explains in his opinion the non-implementation of the Council of Ministers' decision related to the army leadership.
On the regional level, Dr. Chartouni talks about information about negotiations at the level of intelligence agencies between Saudi Arabia and Israel, because Riyadh - after the failure of its bet on China, direct negotiations with Iran in Muscat, and the expanded Sunni alliance with Turkey and Pakistan - realized that the only one capable of resolving the confrontation with the Houthis and Iran is Israel. He considers that we are facing three axes: an American-Israeli axis, an Iranian axis, and a Turkish axis, and Lebanon must choose clearly.
As for Israel, he confirms that its new strategy after October 7, 2023 is a complete Israeli consensus - whether Netanyahu stays or someone like Gadi Eisenkot comes - and it stipulates fixing the security borders in Gaza, the West Bank, Lebanon and Syria, and it will not change.
Internally, he warns of an internal explosion due to displacement from the South and the Bekaa, criticizes the governmental situation and corruption, and the control of what he calls the "Shiite mafia" over administrations through Christian facades, and he strongly attacks Army Commander Rodolph Haykal describing him as working for Hezbollah and that he must be isolated, and considers the army support conference in Paris with Macron a "empty balloon and empty maneuver" because there is no arming without a change in policy.
Finally, regarding the anticipated Salam - Rubio meeting, he believes that Washington will not hide anything and will put the government before the fait accompli: either commitment to the Framework Agreement and transferring political and military decision-making from Hezbollah to the state, or bearing the consequences of playing on the margins.
Table of the most important axes raised by Dr. Chartouni
Lebanon in the American nowhere: No serious diplomatic discussion about Lebanon in Washington, the Framework Agreement has reached a dead end
Retreat of Lebanese governance: Aoun and the government retreated from the principle of parallelism between confining weapons and Israeli withdrawal.
Trump's praise for Aoun: Just stimulation and recording an achievement for Trump as a mediator, not an adoption of Lebanon's policy
Who is Israel talking to?: Israel does not know who it is talking to: the state, Hezbollah, or Iran. Lebanese governance is fragmented and contradictory.
Joseph Aoun, king of paradoxes: Aoun plays on the contradictions of the axes, but his size and Lebanon's size do not allow him to play.
Iran and unity of fronts: Hezbollah takes orders from Iran. Iran is trying to revive its arms from Bab al-Mandab to southern Lebanon.
Saudi Arabia and Israel: Saudi-Israeli intelligence negotiations. Saudi Arabia's alliance with Turkey and Pakistan and the Muscat negotiations failed.
The equation of axes: Either in the American axis or outside it. Lebanon cannot play both sides
Israeli consensus after October 7: The strategy of staying in Lebanon, Syria and Gaza is an Israeli consensus that will not change with Netanyahu's departure.
Danger of internal explosion: Continuation of the situation on the lines of contact will lead to an internal explosion due to displacement and the flabby political situation.
Lebanese Army leadership Rodolph Haykal: Clear information that he works for Hezbollah voluntarily and sabotages the state's capability. Must be isolated. Paris conference is an empty balloon.
The Shiite community and organized crime: Hezbollah turned the community into organized crime (smuggling and money laundering) so disengagement is difficult
PM Salam - Rubio meeting: Washington will demand explicit commitment to the Framework Agreement: transferring decision-making from the party to the state

Katz says displacement, destruction and occupation are the 'language' that Hamas, Hezbollah understand
Agence France Presset/22 September 2026
Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz on Tuesday said that displacement of the population, destruction of infrastructure and occupation of territory are the “language” that Hamas and Hezbollah understand, defending Israel’s actions in this regard.
The destruction of infrastructure and the forced displacement of civilians constitute war crimes under the Geneva Conventions. "I hereby warn the terrorist organization (Hamas) and its supporters, from Iran to (Turkish President Recep Tayyip) Erdogan -- if a single Israeli soldier or civilian is kidnapped, the entire city of Gaza … will be evacuated southward with its million residents," Katz said at a memorial for the 1973 Israeli-Arab war. "This is the language that the jihadist terrorist organizations in Gaza and Lebanon understand, and this is the language we speak -- evacuation of the population, destruction of infrastructure and taking over the territory," he said, referring to Lebanon’s Hezbollah.Katz, known for his outspoken remarks, recently said that Israel agreed to an October 2025 U.S.-brokered ceasefire declaration in Gaza only to free the remaining hostages and that he expected Israel, which has kept up strikes at a lower pace, to return to full-scale war in Gaza.The comments come ahead of October 27 elections in which Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is facing criticism from the opposition that he failed both to prevent the attack and to deliver military success afterwards. In his latest remarks, Katz again also threatened to return to war with Iran, whose cleric-run government supports Hamas."The work is not yet finished and if we need to, we will strike a third time until the terrorist regime is overthrown and eliminated," Katz said. The United States and Israel jointly attacked Iran in late February, with an initial Israeli strike killing supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Israel reluctantly halted its campaign in April after U.S. President Donald Trump entered a ceasefire and sought a negotiated settlement to the war, which has sharply raised oil prices and been highly unpopular among U.S. voters.

Aoun says Lebanese must draw strength from one another, not from abroad
Naharnett/22 September 2026
President Joseph Aoun said Tuesday that the time has come for all Lebanese to realize that “our homeland cannot be built by a single group, sect, or party.”“It is our destiny to live together; hatred does not build a nation, and division serves only those who wish for Lebanon to remain weak. Dialogue, on the other hand, is what builds trust among the people of the same nation,” Aoun added. He emphasized the necessity of “fortifying national unity to confront regional and global challenges -- thereby mitigating their impact -- and ensuring that settlements are not reached at Lebanon's expense.”“With its inherent potential and assets, Lebanon is capable of rising again once its people decide to draw strength from one another rather than from abroad, to speak a unified language -- the language of Lebanon -- and to place the national interest above all else. Let us put an end to seeking strength from abroad against one another at home -- a practice that serves Lebanon’s enemies -- and instead draw strength from each other to face the outside world,” the president urged.

Salam meets leaders on UN sidelines, says 'no state with two armies'
Naharnet t/22 September 2026
Prime Minister Nawaf Salam has met on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly in New York with U.N. chief António Guterres, King Abdullah II of Jordan, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Finnish President Alexander Stubb, Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Iraqi PM Ali Faleh Al-Zaidi, Bahraini Foreign Minister Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, and U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen. Salam’s meeting with Erdogan addressed the latest developments in Lebanon and the region, as well as efforts to de-escalate tensions and enhance regional security and stability.
The two leaders also followed up on agreements reached during Salam’s visit to Istanbul last July regarding the strengthening of Lebanese-Turkish relations and the expansion of bilateral cooperation -- particularly in the fields of trade, investment, energy, and infrastructure -- as well as projects for electrical and railway interconnection between Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon. Discussions continued regarding the issue of prefabricated housing and the support Turkey could provide for the return and recovery process in the South. This support aims to facilitate the residents' return and bolster their resilience in their towns and villages, alongside backing reconstruction efforts and the rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure.Salam thanked Turkey for standing by Lebanon and supporting its institutions, emphasizing the importance of continued coordination and cooperation between the two countries in the coming period. Salam’s meeting with Iraq’s premier meanwhile addressed bilateral relations and the latest regional developments, as well as follow-up on the outcomes of Salam’s visit to Baghdad last July -- specifically regarding joint projects in energy, transport, and regional connectivity.
“In light of the shared challenges facing Lebanon and Iraq, both leaders affirmed their commitment to strengthening state authority and institutions, and to proceeding with the process of monopolizing arms solely under state control --viewing this as a fundamental pillar for safeguarding sovereignty and cementing stability,” the National News Agency said. Salam also delivered a speech at the Lebanese Consulate General in New York during a meeting with the expatriate community. "Regarding the issue of arms, we have taken important and decisive decisions, and we are pressing ahead with their implementation regardless of the difficulties. Our goal is clear: for the State alone to hold authority over its entire territory; for the decision on war and peace to rest solely with the State; and for the army and legitimate forces alone to be responsible for the security of the Lebanese people,” Salam said.
“There can be no state with two armies, nor a state with two decision-making authorities. This is not merely a slogan; it is a fundamental prerequisite for the existence of the State and for restoring confidence in it -- the confidence of the Lebanese people both at home and abroad," the PM added. "In parallel, we are working to achieve an Israeli withdrawal, secure the return of our people to the South, and launch the recovery and reconstruction process. There is no economy without stability, and no investment without a state," Salam went on to say.

Lebanon needs international force after peacekeepers leave, PM tells UN chief
Agence France Presset/22 September 2026
Prime Minister Nawaf Salam told United Nations chief Antonio Guterres on Monday that Lebanon needed a U.N.-sponsored international force to stay in the country's south after the current U.N. peacekeeping mandate expires. The U.N. Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), which currently counts around 7,500 peacekeepers from 46 countries, has acted as a buffer between Lebanon and Israel since 1978. But under U.S. pressure, the U.N. Security Council voted last year to halt the force's mandate at the end of this year. Meeting Guterres at the U.N. headquarters in New York, Salam "stressed the importance of maintaining an international presence under the umbrella of the United Nations in the south in the post-UNIFIL phase", according to a statement from the premier's office. This should be in a way that "ensures the continuation of the functions of monitoring, reporting and liaison, contributes to preserving stability, and supports the process of extending the Lebanese state's authority over all its territory", Salam added, according to the statement. UNIFIL's looming departure comes as Israel maintains troops in a self-declared "security zone" running around 10 kilometers deep inside south Lebanon along the border. Last week, President Joseph Aoun told AFP that Lebanon wanted a new force, European or otherwise, to prevent a security vacuum after the peacekeepers depart, but that "the best and most optimal option remains extending UNIFIL's mandate".The creation of a new force to succeed UNIFIL was also on the agenda of a meeting last week in Paris between Aoun, French President Emmanuel Macron and King Abdullah II of Jordan. France and Italy have said they want to set up a multinational coalition to succeed UNIFIL.In a June report, Guterres said peacekeepers would be needed after UNIFIL's mission expires. Salam also told Guterres that around 329,000 people are still displaced in Lebanon since the latest conflict erupted, urging support for the humanitarian response.

Hundreds on hunger strike in Roumieh as amnesty stalled

Agence France Presset/22 September 2026
Hundreds of inmates at Lebanon's central Roumieh Prison have been on hunger strike for 10 days over the stalled implementation of an amnesty law supposed to benefit them, a judicial official told AFP on Tuesday. Lebanon's parliament last month passed the sweeping amnesty law, the first since 1991 after the country's civil war. The legislation is meant to help thousands of prisoners and wanted people, many of them Islamists. But a group of lawmakers has since lodged an appeal with Lebanon's Constitutional Council seeking to overturn the law, leading to a suspension of its implementation on September 10. At the overcrowded Roumieh prison near the capital Beirut, the country's largest jail, "400 mostly Islamist detainees have been on hunger strike since September 12" in protest at the suspension, the official said, requesting anonymity. The Constitutional Council, which verifies whether laws are in line with the Lebanese constitution, is expected to announce its decision next month. According to the official, prison administrators are monitoring the health of the striking prisoners, 80 of whom suffer from chronic illness. For years, Lebanon's parliament had been trying to pass the amnesty law, largely as a way to reduce overcrowding in prisons, which has been exacerbated by slow-moving trials and the detention of suspects for years without judicial proceedings. In a report last year, the country's National Human Rights Commission said the prison population had reached 300 percent of capacity, with more than 6,200 inmates by the end of March. Some Islamist detainees have been held for years, in some cases without trial.The prospect of granting amnesty to some of these detainees, accused of carrying out bombings and attacks against the Lebanese Army, polarized the debate around the law before it was passed. The legislation, which experts say was the result of political horse-trading, is supposed to also benefit other factions and religious communities.

On International Peace Day, UNIFIL reaffirms shared aspiration for peace, despite ongoing conflict
Naharnett/22 September 2026
As the world marked the International Day of Peace and communities in south Lebanon continue to grapple with the consequences of conflict, peacekeepers marked the day with a small ceremony at UNIFIL headquarters in Naqoura on Monday evening.
“Peace is not something we address once a year; it is an enduring responsibility,” said UNIFIL Head of Mission and Force Commander Major General Diodato Abagnara in a short speech for the occasion. “We patrol, we keep channels of communication open with the parties to reduce the risk of misunderstanding and escalation. We work with the Lebanese Armed Forces as they assume greater responsibilities in the south.”Hostilities between Hezbollah and the Israeli army have had a profound human and physical impact in south Lebanon. The current conflict has forced thousands of people from their homes, with many remaining displaced. It has disrupted livelihoods, caused widespread damage to homes and infrastructure, and resulted in civilian deaths and injuries, UNIFIL said, noting that “civilians on both sides of the Blue Line have found themselves living in tension and fear.”
“Today, peace in south Lebanon remains elusive, but the hope for peace endures. It is this aspiration that peacekeepers affirmed on the International Day of Peace. Lasting peace requires political commitments and solutions from the parties themselves. Peacekeepers can help restore stability, avoid misunderstandings, and reduce the risk of escalation – but they cannot replace the political will and decisions needed to end the conflict permanently,” UNIFIL added. “The responsibility for a political solution remains with the parties,” said Major General Abagnara. “UNIFIL will continue to do its part, keeping communication open, reducing the risk of escalation, and supporting diplomatic efforts.”Turning to United Nations Security Council resolution 1701, Major General Abagnara said that “its full implementation remains the objective and the basis for lasting peace and stability in south Lebanon.”
He noted that continued cooperation between the Lebanese Army and peacekeepers remains central to maintaining stability and supporting the extension of state authority in the south. The International Day of Peace was established by the U.N. General Assembly in 1981. It is dedicated to ceasefire and non-violence and is an occasion during which all promote tolerance, justice, and human rights. In 2001, the General Assembly unanimously voted to designate the Day as a period of non-violence and ceasefire. The ceremony marks UNIFIL’s last International Day of Peace before its mandate expires at the end of the year, following the Security Council's 2025 decision to conclude the mission.

Report: Qatar, Turkey leading efforts to resolve situation in south Lebanon
Naharnett/22 September 2026
Qatar and Turkey are spearheading secret contacts and efforts to resolve the situation in south Lebanon and subsequently address Hezbollah’s status, the Nidaa al-Watan newspaper reported on Monday.“Indications suggest that each side is acting independently, with no unified initiative in place. The initial phase of these contacts focuses on de-escalating tensions in the south, with the aim -- should these efforts succeed -- of moving on to discuss the future of Hezbollah’s arsenal,” the daily said.Furthermore, Nidaa al-Watan said there is a proposal led by several nations -- foremost among them France and Germany -- to extend the mandate of UNIFIL by six months. “This move seeks to explore the trajectory of developments in Lebanon, Iran, and the wider region, while averting any security vacuum. The proposal is currently awaiting the respective positions of the United States and Israel,” the newspaper added.

Argentine judge charges 7 Iranians, one Lebanese over 1994 attack on Jewish center
Agence France Presset/22 September 2026
An Argentine judge on Monday formally charged seven Iranians and a Lebanese citizen for their alleged involvement in the 1994 bombing of a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires. The decision marks another step toward a possible trial in absentia over the attack on July 18 that year, which killed 85 people and injured 300 more. No one has ever been arrested over the bombing of the Argentine Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA), which is considered one of the worst tragedies in the South American country's history. "The decision to carry out the attack was made in August 1993 by the highest echelons of the Iranian regime and entrusted to Hezbollah," Judge Daniel Rafecas wrote in a statement. Seven of the defendants held high-ranking positions in the Iranian state when the attack occurred. The Lebanese national was a member of Hezbollah. Two other defendants were removed from the case due to lack of evidence. A trial is now a real possibility, but the charged individuals may appeal the indictment. "There's still a whole process to go through," Rafecas told AFP, noting other necessary procedural steps before a trial could happen.Argentine President Javier Milei, a staunch ally of Israel, celebrated the decision on social media."Morality as State Policy," he wrote on X. Argentina and Israel have long pointed the finger at Iran as the perpetrator of the attack, which the Islamic republic has always denied. In a move backed by Milei's right-wing administration, Argentine courts authorized the possibility of a trial in absentia last year. The attack on AMIA occurred just two years after a bomb at the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires claimed 29 lives. Monday's ruling suggested that the two incidents could be related. It sought the Argentine Supreme Court's opinion on potentially linking the two cases given Hezbollah's alleged involvement in both. Argentina is home to Latin America's largest Jewish community.

EU rewards journalists from Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Iraq at 2026 edition of Samir Kassir Award
Naharnett/22 September 2026
The Delegation of the European Union to Lebanon and the Samir Kassir Foundation have announced the results of the 21st edition of the Samir Kassir Award for Freedom of the Press, at a ceremony held at the Sursock Palace Gardens in Beirut.
Established with funding from the European Union, the Award is internationally recognized as a flagship prize for press freedom and the most prestigious journalism award in the Middle East, North Africa and Gulf region. Since 2006, the ceremony has been held annually to commemorate the assassination of Lebanese journalist Samir Kassir on 2 June 2005 in Beirut, and to celebrate his life, values, and intellectual and professional struggle.The Samir Kassir Award is open to professional journalists from eighteen countries in North Africa, the Middle East and the Gulf. This year, 300 journalists entered the competition, from Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen. The entries comprised 66 opinion pieces, 194 investigative articles and 40 audiovisual news reports. The winner in each category receives a prize of €10,000, while each shortlisted finalist receives €1,000.
The winners of the 2026 Samir Kassir Award are: - Opinion Piece Category (joint winner): Ahmad Al-Agha, from Palestine, born in 1989, for his article “The Tent”, published by Raseef22 on 23 February 2026. Through the experience of displacement in Gaza, the article shows how a home has become a tent identified by a number for aid distribution, and how prolonged displacement has stripped Palestinians of stability, privacy and a sense of belonging.
- Opinion Piece Category (joint winner): Fatima Ahmad, from Syria, born in 1988, for her article “Seeds of Hate, Harvest of Wounds”, published by Sot-Sy on 8 October 2025. The article explores how language and multiple identities become pretexts for accusations of treachery and exclusion, warning against perpetuating hate speech during Syria’s political transition and calling for education in diversity and dialogue to protect pluralism and civil peace.
- Investigative Reporting Category (joint winner): Mariya Talal Al-Samarrai, from Iraq, born in 2003, for her investigation “Don’t Drink Water Before Going Out… The Search for Women’s Toilets in Iraq”, published by Jummar on 20 November 2025. Through the experiences of Iraqi women in schools, universities and workplaces, the investigation exposes how the absence of safe, clean toilets denies women basic rights to health, privacy and dignity, and limits their opportunities for education and employment in a society whose infrastructure and attitudes overlook their needs.
- Investigative Reporting Category (joint winners): Ali Al-Ibrahim, born in 1988, and Mais Katt, born in 1980, from Syria, for their investigation “Stolen Children of Syria”, published on 11 September 2025 by the Syrian Investigative Journalism Unit (SIRAJ), in collaboration with Lighthouse Reports, The Observer, BBC Eye, Der Spiegel, Trouw, Women Who Won the War, Sowt and Al-Jumhuriya. The investigation reveals how the Assad regime concealed hundreds of detainee children in care homes, with government institutions involved and international care organizations complicit or failing to act, while the fate of many children remains unknown. This is Ali Al-Ibrahim’s second Samir Kassir Award, following his first win in 2019.
- Audiovisual News Reporting Category: Antoni Barakat, from Lebanon, born in 1998, for his report “Two Prisons of Roumieh”, released by Naqd Media on 31 August 2025. The report exposes the class disparities, bribery and privileges that shape life in Lebanon’s Roumieh prison, and the danger of housing a juvenile facility inside an adult prison. Antoni Barakat also won the Students’ Prize, a special distinction awarded by a jury of journalism and media students from Lebanese universities.
Speaking at the ceremony, the Ambassador of the European Union to Lebanon, Sandra De Waele, said: “For the past twenty-one years, the Samir Kassir Award has stood as a concrete expression of the European Union’s commitment to press freedom, a commitment that does not stop at Europe’s borders. We stand for it in this region and across the world, because a free press is not optional. It is what allows people to know what their governments do in their name and to hold them accountable for it.”
Malek Mrowa, President of the Samir Kassir Foundation, said: “Journalists in this region need a space that puts their work in the spotlight, protects their professional values, and allows their stories to cross borders. This Award has created an opportunity for an annual gathering that goes beyond the moment of recognition. It has become a meeting point for journalism that sees freedom as a shared identity, accuracy as a stance, and independence as a condition for trust.”
An independent seven-member jury from Arab countries and European Union member states selected the winners. This year’s jury comprised Alex Rowell (United Kingdom), writer and editor at New Lines magazine and the Samir Kassir Foundation’s representative on the jury; Hanene Zbiss (Tunisia), investigative journalist, vice-president of the Tunisian Press Council, and winner of the 2014 Samir Kassir Award for Freedom of the Press; Daisy Mohr (the Netherlands), Middle East correspondent for Dutch public broadcaster NOS; Aida Al-Kaisy (Iraq), founder and editor-in-chief of Iraqi platform Jummar; Farea Al-Muslimi (Yemen), research fellow at Chatham House and founder of the Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies; Monika Borgmann (Germany), filmmaker and director of UMAM; and Nabil Wakim (France), journalist at Le Monde.
More information about the 2026 edition of the Samir Kassir Award for Freedom of the Press, the winning articles and audiovisual report, as well as biographies and works of winners from previous years, is available on the website: www.samirkassiraward.org

What’s Left of Hezbollah Two Years after the War?
Asharq Al Awsat/22 September 2026
The expanded war in Lebanon, which erupted with widespread Israeli bombardment on September 23, 2024, and led to intense clashes and battlefield shifts, has forced a new reality on Hezbollah. The Iran-backed group's military capabilities, supply lines, and political influence have significantly declined following severe losses within its senior leadership ranks. Furthermore, Hezbollah's deployment on the ground and operations have fundamentally changed compared to its pre-war positioning. Two years later, the group is navigating a far more complex military landscape. While the loss of a vast portion of its leadership, declining drone and missile capabilities, and shrinking supply lines through Syria have severely weakened its position, the party still retains enough military capacity to continue operating. It is actively attempting to reorganize its ranks and adapt to an altered battlefield reality - one that stretches from north of the Litani River into broader territory across southern Lebanon and the Western Bekaa. Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, security and defense expert Riad Kahwaji estimated that Hezbollah's capabilities have significantly declined between 2024 and today across its leadership, military structure, political influence, and supply lines, evaluating the scale of this drop to have "exceeded nearly half."He explained that the group has lost the vast majority of its first- and second-tier leaders, while most of the leaders present today were classified within the third tier in 2024.Hezbollah supporters carry posters of slain Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei during a rally coinciding with his funeral in Iran in Beirut's southern suburbs. (EPA file) The nature of management within the group has also changed, as "management in 2024 was local under Iranian guidance, whereas today management and guidance have become directly Iranian," he added. On the military level, Kahwaji said that "the party's forces have become stationed north of the Litani, after having previously been present directly on the border.""Nabatieh has practically become the separation line of contact between the group's presence and the Israeli forces," he noted. Regarding the military arsenal, he said that "missile and drone capabilities still exist, but they have become less than half of what they were before."He added that Hezbollah's political influence within Lebanon has significantly weakened from its previous levels, noting that one of the most prominent shifts affecting the group is the severe disruption of its supply lines through Syria, which have now been largely cut off. Since the November 2024 ceasefire up to the current stage, retired Brigadier General Dr. Khalil Helou told Asharq Al-Awsat that the party’s "capabilities have dropped compared to what they were before the war, but it has not lost its military capacity and still possesses capabilities that allow it to continue."Its limited responses to Israel during the current stage may be a sign that it has entered a new "phase of reorganization and rebuilding of combat readiness," he added. Helou explained that the period following the November 2024 ceasefire was marked by ongoing Israeli assassinations targeting Hezbollah operatives, while the group largely refrained from retaliating. This pattern underscores a significant drop in Hezbollah's capabilities compared to its pre-2024 strength, while simultaneously indicating that the group has been undergoing a phase of reorganization, rearmament, and rebuilding of its combat readiness, he noted. Helou stressed that the strategic landscape shifted following the outbreak of the US war on Iran at the end of February, which Hezbollah joined in early March.
"From that point until the second ceasefire on June 17, the party engaged in the fighting, launching effective retaliatory operations in certain areas and firing missiles into both the Israeli interior and Israeli-occupied territories," Helou said. He remarked that during that phase, Israel "advanced, made incursions, and established its presence on the ground," while Hezbollah continued to carry out military responses, though the situation following the latest ceasefire has returned to a pattern similar to the period that followed November 2024.
"Today, we have virtually returned to the previous phase, as Hezbollah's responses to Israeli attacks have become almost nonexistent," he stated. "If we review operations over the past two and a half months since the ceasefire, the military operations carried out by the group against Israel are highly limited and can be counted on two hands. This stands in sharp contrast to dozens of daily Israeli operations, including airstrikes, shelling, and assassinations."

No change, no reshuffle: PM Salam government set to remain intact
LBCI/September 22/2026
Prime Minister Nawaf Salam’s government appears set to remain unchanged for now, with neither a new Cabinet nor a reshuffle currently gaining political support.
The government secured the confidence of 68 MPs just days ago, strengthening its position in Parliament. Sources close to Salam say replacing the government is not under consideration.
Saudi Arabia, which supported the government’s formation and helped secure the political balance behind it, also opposes a change amid current domestic and regional conditions. Another factor is the lack of guarantees that Salam would be renamed prime minister if a new government were formed. Talk of a limited reshuffle involving three or four ministers has also circulated amid reported dissatisfaction with their performance. However, the political forces concerned say such a move is not currently on the table.
The Lebanese Forces denied plans to replace Energy Minister Joe Saddi. Instead, the party is calling on the government to pay public institutions’ outstanding dues to Electricité du Liban and allow Saddi to raise electricity tariffs to increase power supply and reduce residents’ reliance on private generators. The party said it could consider other options if those measures are not taken. Amal and Hezbollah have also ruled out a reshuffle for now, saying current circumstances do not allow for one. For the time being, political forces appear to favor keeping the government intact to avoid further disruption amid heightened regional tensions.

FM Raggi meets Lebanese community in New York, highlights ties to homeland
LBCI/September 22/2026
Foreign Minister Youssef Raggi met with members of the Lebanese community in New York during a reception at the Lebanese Consulate General attended by Prime Minister Nawaf Salam.In a post on X, Raggi said that despite the distance, Lebanon remains close to the hearts of Lebanese expatriates.He added that they continue to believe in a strong and just state capable of protecting its citizens both at home and abroad.

Lebanon's fuel prices continue to increase

LBCI/September 22/2026
On Tuesday, September 22, 2026, the prices of 95 and 98 octane fuel increased by LBP 24,000, while diesel rose by LBP 55,000 and gas surged by LBP 28,000.
The current prices for hydrocarbon derivatives are as follows:
- Gasoline 95 octane: LBP 2,834,000
- Gasoline 98 octane: LBP 2,852,000
- Diesel: LBP 2,823,000
- Gas canister: LBP 1,249,000

The Shia in Lebanon – Part 2 – By Col Charbel Barakat
Colonel Charbel Barakat/September 22/2026
In the previous article, we mentioned that certain families arriving from Iraq, who claimed descent from the Prophet’s Household (Aal al-Bayt), chose Southern Lebanon for settlement to escape the reign of oppression. Lebanon’s natural geography supported human freedom and sustained survival despite the surrounding scarcity, fostering a greater focus on spiritual values and metaphysical aspirations.
During the Abbasid era, religious movements and sects multiplied, most of which called for the right of Aal al-Bayt to the caliphate. They based their claims on the fact that the establishment of the Abbasid state was born out of mobilization against the Umayyads—who, in their view, had usurped power from Ali ibn Abi Talib during the time of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. However, Abbasid bloodshed surpassed even the actions of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, who had crushed revolts during the reign of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan with utter severity and violence. This brutality tarnished the image of the new ruling authority, despite Caliph Al-Ma'mun’s efforts to soften it through generous patronage of translation and the sciences. This environment terrified smaller groups and dissenters, driving them to seek safer havens.
These smaller groups and families viewed Lebanon as a safe haven, far removed from the eyes of authorities, where they could preserve their distinct doctrines due to the region's intellectual pluralism and diverse demographics. Intentionally or otherwise, they prompted the peaceful local population to focus heavily on the injustice that had befallen Aal al-Bayt, justifying their propositions with a natural simplicity that lacked critical scrutiny or challenge. Matters pertaining to the divine are typically accepted without opposition, as they transcend basic physical needs centered around securing daily sustenance. Nevertheless, the locals contributed with genuine warmth and cooperation to provide for these guests, as they did with anyone residing among them, routinely sharing their bread in line with their deeply held values.
Later, over time, these voluntary contributions were transformed into obligatory duties imposed on poor residents in the name of the religious sect. To justify the continuation of these levies—which reached a fifth (Khums) of production—these Sayyids devised a theory asserting that the native population originated from the Arabian Peninsula, making them part of those designated in the Quran as "the best nation produced for mankind." To merit this distinction, they were expected to accept the leadership of these families and pay the required fifth. Consequently, this turned into a lucrative affair that encouraged many who claimed kinship with Aal al-Bayt to migrate and settle in these lands. On one hand, it was far from the eyes of the ruling power, which would not demand a share of their wealth; on the other, the population was compliant, accepting this tax that secured a dignified and comfortable life for these leaders, even among the impoverished.
However, leadership sometimes demands commitment. Anyone wishing to maintain their role had to demonstrate active protection of morals and values and attempt to secure justice to retain the community's respect. Additionally, they had to champion a political cause to justify their position and authority. Hence, there was a continuous focus on the role and history of Aal al-Bayt, an emphasis on their tragedy, criticism of state administration, and adherence to religious commands as they interpreted them. This also drove their outreach to similar religious groups to
keep abreast of emerging philosophical trends that could be taught, allowing them to appear as those most faithful to executing divine commands.
Looking toward Egypt during the Fatimid era was a natural course, given that the state there claimed the sovereignty of Aal al-Bayt. However, opposing the rulers of the Levant carried severe consequences, leading to the adoption of Taqiyya (precautionary dissimulation) and a reluctance to speak out publicly. Despite the failed experience in achieving justice for Aal al-Bayt and the general population alike—whether under Abbasid or Fatimid rule—and the heavy reliance on violence and retribution, this climate of rivalry between those claiming knowledge or noble descent produced nothing but further injustices. Thus, when the Frankish Crusaders arrived, the land was ready to accept any different ruler who might bring a degree of stability.
The Franks relied on the administrative systems prevalent in their homelands and on taxes already established during the Fatimid era, supplemented by levies on pilgrims to safeguard their journeys, as well as volunteer efforts that initially led them to join forces attempting to secure pilgrimage routes. Furthermore, the climate allowed local farmers far easier agricultural work than in Europe—despite slight variations due to lower rainfall—which contributed to higher output. Open sea trade routes then proved decisive in increasing revenues and introducing a wider variety of goods to enrich local markets, alongside local products exported to Europe aboard Mediterranean-faring vessels, particularly those of Venice and Genoa.
The economic situation in the region improved compared to earlier periods, leading to an acceptance of and adaptation to the status quo. When Saladin overthrown Fatimid rule and reattached Egypt to the nominal authority of the Abbasid Caliph, this move met neither objection nor support from the local population; their daily lives were tied to the Frankish principalities and their laws, which made little distinction among locals. This state of affairs continued back and forth throughout Ayyubid rule, with civilian travel between the coastal European principalities and the Levantine interior remaining accessible without major obstacles. The Sayyids did not dare criticize the ruling authority during this period due to the altered circumstances; after all, these Franks had no connection to the historic oppression of Aal al-Bayt, even if they were outsiders. Before they could fully grasp the unfolding political and military shifts, conditions were changing without their input.
Hence, acceptance of the situation occurred, albeit reluctantly. This was later interpreted by the Mamluks—who overthrew Ayyubid authority—as allegiance to foreign powers that posed a threat to the state. They retaliated against the population, treating them as supporters of either the Franks or the Ayyubids indiscriminately. The ruthless methods used by the Mamluks to consolidate power even among themselves, along with their policy of terror to assert dominance, drew no distinctions among dissidents and viewed them all as enemies.
Consequently, the pervasive fear of shifting regimes—and the changing legal rulings that accompanied them—led to deeper isolation and a reluctance to take explicit stances. This prompted fanatic clerics seeking pretexts to consolidate Mamluk rule to revive religious decrees (fatwas) and rulings that escalated to mass exterminations and the depopulation of entire areas, starting from the Galilee and Jabal Amel and extending to other Lebanese regions wherever they could reach. (To be continued)

UN: Paris Wants to Replace UNIFIL With a 'Different Type' of Presence
Sylviane Zehil/LevantTime/September 22, 2026
As France holds the presidency of the UN Security Council in September, the General Assembly’s “high-level week” is taking place against a backdrop of existential crises and growing questioning of multilateralism. In this context, Paris intends to defend an international system “based on the rule of law rather than the law of the strongest.” Among the sensitive issues on the agenda is Lebanon, with an increasingly pressing question: what should be done about UNIFIL and, above all, how can a “security vacuum” be avoided if its mandate cannot be extended for the long term?
Lebanese leaders who are in New York for the occasion will hold crucial meetings to address the issue, and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam has already discussed it with UN Secretary-General António Guterres.
The 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly is entering its most intense political phase as France holds the presidency of the Security Council, which it assumed at the beginning of September, while also holding the G7 presidency this year.
Ukraine, Palestine, Iran, Sudan, Lebanon, the Red Sea and Yemen: French officials will address a series of ongoing crises in New York, as well as broader issues ranging from artificial intelligence to international humanitarian law, not to mention the succession of António Guterres, which is already being worked out behind the scenes.
The political framework Paris intends to set for the week is one of defending multilateralism. “At a time when multilateralism is being criticized in different ways, we remain strongly committed to multilateralism in general and to the United Nations in particular,” a senior French diplomat said during an off-the-record briefing on French priorities.One principle is expected to be reaffirmed in New York: “We believe in the strength of an international system based on the rule of law rather than the law of the strongest.” It is against this broader backdrop that the Lebanese issue must be viewed, as the question of UNIFIL’s future is now being raised directly at the Security Council.
Maintain UNIFIL or Prepare for Another Presence?
Asked during the briefing about Lebanon’s wish to keep the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon in place for longer, despite the resistance this option faces, the senior French diplomat initially confirmed Beirut’s request. “Lebanon has indeed asked for the Force to remain in place for a longer period.” France plays a particular role on this issue because it is the penholder at the Security Council. “France is the penholder on this issue, which means that we are the ones who draft and negotiate the text concerning UNIFIL,” he recalled.
In the previous negotiations, Paris had succeeded in extending the Force’s mandate by a year and a half. But the diplomat pointed to a shift in positions within the Council. “There is a feeling within the Council that we should now consider a new United Nations presence rather than extend UNIFIL’s mandate.”
Beirut, by contrast, is calling for UNIFIL to remain. And France says it is prepared to support that option if it remains politically possible. “If there is a possibility of extending the mandate – and France has expressed this position – we can support such an extension.”
According to the French diplomat, the problem now lies in the balance of forces within the Security Council. “I fear there will not be sufficient support for a long-term extension or for maintaining a full mandate.” This assessment therefore opens the door to another possibility: a shorter extension that would allow the Force to remain for an additional period without prejudging the arrangement that might eventually succeed it. “If there is a possibility of extending UNIFIL’s mandate for a short period and with a sufficiently broad mandate, we will do so,” the diplomat said. But the briefing revealed above all that the discussion is already moving beyond the simple choice between maintaining UNIFIL and ending its presence. “I think the discussion is now moving more toward something broader: a United Nations presence, but also another type of presence, perhaps an ad hoc international presence.” The French diplomat, however, immediately brought the various options back to the objective being pursued rather than their modalities. “What is our objective here? Perhaps I should have started with that rather than with the modalities.” The answer can be summed up in a few words: “Our objective is to ensure that there is no security vacuum in Lebanon, in order to guarantee the sovereignty and territorial integrity of (Lebanon)…” For now, therefore, the common denominator put forward by France remains the one articulated by the diplomat himself: preventing the emergence of a “security vacuum in Lebanon.”
A French Presidency Facing Multiple Fronts
The Lebanese issue is part of a much broader agenda. On Iran, high-level meetings are expected in various formats, with the Iranian president and foreign minister present at the meetings. The French diplomat’s briefing placed the issue within a regional context encompassing tensions in the Strait of Hormuz, developments in the Red Sea and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, as well as the situation involving the Houthis in Yemen. A Security Council meeting is also expected to focus on Ukraine, “given the situation and its deterioration,” particularly following the recent strikes near the Polish border mentioned by the French diplomat. Sudan will also be on the agenda of meetings in New York.
Palestine: Two-State Solution Among French Priorities
Palestine will rank “very high among the priorities of French officials.” Paris sees this engagement as a continuation of the New York Declaration and the resolution adopted by the General Assembly with 142 votes in favor of a text endorsing the declaration on the two-state solution. France considers developments on the ground to have made the issue urgent. “Given the challenges facing the two-state solution on the ground, this issue is one of the concerns of French officials,” the senior diplomat said.
Artificial Intelligence, Another Major Issue at UNGA81
Beyond the crises, artificial intelligence ranks “very high on the French agenda,” with two distinct concerns. The first relates to the impact of AI and, more broadly, digital technology on children. “There is no question of denying the benefits of artificial intelligence, but we are seeing serious concerns about its impact on children,” the diplomat explained. The second aspect is much more directly related to security. Paris wants to open a discussion on the risks associated with the development of AI, particularly “the existential threat that AI could pose to humanity as a whole.” In this regard, the senior diplomat pointed to concerns expressed by several executives of technology companies specializing in AI about both this potential threat and cyber risks.
Humanitarian Law Amid a Proliferation of Conflicts
International law and human rights are another area of concern for France. Paris is working with Jordan, South Africa, Brazil, China, Kazakhstan and the International Committee of the Red Cross on an initiative aimed at promoting respect for international humanitarian law.
The initiative stems from a particularly troubling assessment: “Not only are we seeing an increase in the number of international conflicts, but we are also seeing an extremely worrying rise in non-compliance with international humanitarian law.” The law, the diplomat recalled, lays down the “fundamental rules applicable to war.” A summit on the issue is scheduled to take place in Amman in December.
Veto Use in Cases of Mass Atrocities
France also intends to use the General Assembly to give fresh impetus to its joint initiative with Mexico to encourage permanent members of the Security Council to voluntarily limit their use of the veto in situations involving mass atrocities.
Launched in 2013 after Security Council deadlocks despite atrocities being committed on the ground, the initiative had, the diplomat acknowledged, “fallen relatively dormant in recent years.” But renewed Franco-Mexican efforts have helped revive the momentum. Some 123 of the UN’s 193 member states now support the initiative. “Symbolically, we would like to surpass the threshold of 129 states,” the diplomat explained – the equivalent of two-thirds of the General Assembly. The aim is also to secure the support of permanent members of the Council, although this remains, he acknowledged, “obviously more delicate.”
Guterres’ Succession in the Background
Finally, another upcoming deadline is likely to be at the center of consultations in New York: the selection of the next United Nations secretary-general. António Guterres’ term will end on December 31. The Security Council is therefore in the midst of consultations and indicative votes, known as straw polls, intended to gauge support for the various candidates. The succession is expected to be a central topic of discussions on the sidelines of the official meetings.

The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on September 22-23/2026
Trump Says US and Iranian Officials Met Tuesday, Shortly After Warning He May ‘Annihilate’ Iran
Asharq Al Awsat/23 September 2026
President Donald Trump said US and Iranian officials met Tuesday, an unexpected engagement that came even as he threatened in his address to the UN General Assembly that he may “annihilate” the country if a deal isn’t reached soon to end the nearly seven-month war.
Trump told reporters that his chief envoys, Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, met with the Iranian officials on the sidelines of the annual gathering of world leaders but he offered few details about how the discussions transpired or the substance of the exchange.
“It was a very good meeting,” Trump said. The president later added that the Iranian officials were “not the highest level, but it’s something.” The engagement comes after months of US-Iran communications languishing following the collapse of a short-lived ceasefire that was brokered in June. US and Iranian negotiators met separately with Qatari and Pakistani mediators in Doha in early July for indirect talks. Earlier Tuesday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that Trump is open to meeting with Iran’s president, Masoud Pezeshkian, while he’s in New York for the General Assembly. “This is a president that will meet with anybody for the most part, because he believes that engaging with people is important if you’re going to solve problems,” Rubio said on NBC’s “Today” show. “It doesn’t mean you’re going to end up agreeing with them, but it’s important.” Trump also met on Tuesday with leaders and senior officials from Gulf Cooperation Council nations — Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates — as well as Jordan to discuss the way ahead with the war in Iran. In his address to the General Assembly, Trump made the case that he's shown fortitude while other leaders have equivocated as he defended his decision to start a war with Iran. But Trump also suggested that he could be at a crossroads in the conflict even as he called on Iran to fully reopen the Strait of Hormuz and return to the negotiating table to find a settlement to end the conflict.
“I have a big decision to make,” Trump said. “Will a deal be made with Iran that lets them rebuild and create a far greater country than it ever was before, maybe one of the greatest in the Middle East or even the world. Or do I annihilate Iran and do it quickly, never giving them a chance to kill and destroy people and countries again?” The president's comments came in his wide-ranging address to the international body in which he also celebrated this year's US military operation to oust Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro from power, a new agreement to expand the US military presence in Greenland, and pushed back against calls for greater regulation of the artificial intelligence industry. But at the heart of the address was a fulsome defense of the war and pushback on the notion that Iran has shown a measure of resilience. “The terrorist regime is behaving badly, not because they are strong and confident, but because they are weak and desperate," Trump said. Most of Iran's delegation walked out of the chamber as Trump railed against Tehran.
Trump's speech began a busy day of diplomacy
After his speech, Trump gathered with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and Greenlandic Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen on the sidelines of the General Assembly to sign a new security agreement. The deal, announced last week, came together after Trump repeatedly threatened to “take over” Greenland, a territory of NATO-ally Denmark, by military force if necessary. Trump said Tuesday the US will immediately begin the process of developing a larger military presence in Greenland including “building two very major military bases.”
Under the deal, Greenland remains Denmark’s territory. Trump also held talks with new British Prime Minister Andy Burnham, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. He's expected to hold a more informal meeting on Tuesday evening with Venezuela's acting President Delcy Rodríguez, according to the White House. Trump also took part in an event on the Shield of Americas, an initiative Trump launched with Latin American countries earlier this year focused on combatting violent cartels. Iran war looms large at General Assembly . The visit to the UN comes as Trump's foreign policy approach — particularly his decision to start a war with Iran — has become a drag on his fellow Republicans' hopes of retaining control of both chambers of Congress during the coming midterm elections. Nevertheless, Trump made the case in his speech that the world is better off for his leadership. “I have no interest in leaving dangers to grow for another day,” Trump said. In last year's address at the UN, Trump claimed the US had “demolished” Iran's nuclear capabilities after he ordered the June 2025 bombardment of three key facilities.
He returned to the General Assembly nearing the seven-month mark of a new war against Iran that he insists is necessary to address a nuclear threat posed by Iran. The war has grown more complicated even though strikes by the United States and Israel have killed much of Iran's top leadership and destroyed its air force and navy, while a US blockade of Iranian oil has left Tehran in economic shambles. The energy market continues to be spooked by the war and oil prices remain elevated. At the same time, territorial grabs by the Yemen-based Houthi militants, another Iranian-backed group, near the Bab al-Mandeb Strait has now made it treacherous for oil carriers to use that Red Sea shipping lane.
Trump's frustration with Russia-Ukraine war mounts
In his address, the president also touched on Russia's continuing war against Ukraine — a conflict that during his 2024 campaign he predicted would be resolved on Day One of his second term. He once again expressed hope that the conflict will soon be resolved.
Trump hasn't obscured that his patience is being tested by Ukraine's targeting of Russia's diesel refineries — an issue that's added to the global oil markets' volatility — and Russia's targeting of Ukraine's energy grid. Trump last week asserted that he got the two sides to agree to not target each other's energy infrastructure. Zelenskyy had said he was willing to go along with Trump's plan if Russia abided by it. Russia said it could only go along with Trump's energy truce proposal if Western energy sanctions on Moscow were lifted first.
The two sides have continued carrying out strikes on refineries and other energy infrastructure. Trump noted that last week he signed a new sanctions bill targeting Moscow. It empowers him to impose up to 100% tariffs on the top five importers of Russian oil or natural gas.
The legislation includes an exception for countries that import less than 15% of Russia’s natural gas exports and have taken significant steps to reduce those imports. Trump, however, has yet to enact the stiff penalties. “If necessary, I will have to use them,” Trump said. “It’s time to stop the killing.”

Trump warns in UN speech he could ‘annihilate’ Iran without peace deal
Reuters/22 September ,2026
US President Donald Trump used his UN General Assembly speech on Tuesday to argue that the war with Iran prevented Tehran from obtaining a nuclear weapon and warn that he could “annihilate” Iran if no deal is reached to end the conflict.
While predicting his administration would strike a peace deal with Iran following the November 3 US midterm elections, Trump called on other nations to join America in isolating Iran economically to force it to the negotiating table.
“I have a big decision to make. Will a deal be made with Iran that lets them rebuild and create a far greater country than it ever was before?” Trump said. “Or do I annihilate the Islamic Republic and do it quickly, never giving them a chance to kill and destroy people and countries again?”Trump added: “Do I drive them into hell with no chance of survival and no hope of future greatness or generations? But I believe we’ll make a deal right after the election.”
The speech marked the latest justification Trump has offered for the war with Iran. He has previously cited a range of reasons for the February US-Israeli strikes, including Tehran’s nuclear program, its support for regional proxy groups and the prospect of regime change.
Iran has consistently denied seeking to develop nuclear weapons.
Outside the UN headquarters, dozens of anti-Iranian government demonstrators gathered, a few of them holding up signs calling for freedom and democracy and decrying dictatorship.
“I believe we’ll make a deal right after the election because it doesn’t make sense for them not to. They’re waiting to see how I do in the midterm election,” Trump said during a speech to the United Nations General Assembly. In addition to defending the decision to attack Iran, Trump was expected to use his speech to criticize the UN, highlighting his administration’s efforts to prevent the organization and other international bodies from encroaching on US sovereignty or advancing what it views as a left-wing agenda, according to a White House official who spoke on condition of anonymity. Trump last year caused a stir with a combative speech at the UN, saying that other countries were “going to hell” for, among other things, climate policy and mass migration. The speech kicked off a day of high-level diplomacy at the United Nations, where Trump was due to meet more than a dozen world leaders as wars in the Middle East and Ukraine continued to test his foreign policy agenda. After his speech, Trump is scheduled to meet with no fewer than 11 world leaders, bilaterally or in group settings.
Later on Tuesday, Trump will meet with British Prime Minister Andy Burnham, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Venezuela’s interim leader Delcy Rodriguez, Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, Greenland Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen, and the representatives of the Gulf states of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar. In the evening, he may meet dozens more leaders, albeit briefly, during a leaders’ reception. Trump met with French President Emmanuel Macron on Monday. Additions to his Tuesday schedule are possible.

Trump says US held ‘very productive’ three-hour meeting with Iran
Al Arabiya English/22 September ,2026
US President Donald Trump said on Tuesday that US officials held a “very good” and “very productive” three-hour meeting with Iranian representatives in New York, a rare direct encounter that could provide a fresh opening for efforts to end the nearly seven-month war.
“It was a meeting that lasted for three hours,” Trump told reporters on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly. He added that another meeting was scheduled “in the very near future.”Trump did not identify the Iranian officials who took part, but referred to his special envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, who were sitting alongside him as he spoke.“I feel very good right now,” Witkoff said when asked by a reporter about the talks. Iranian state television later reported that Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi had met Witkoff on the sidelines of the UN gathering, citing an unnamed source. According to the report, the meeting took place at Witkoff’s “insistence,” with Tehran agreeing to the talks to convey its conditions for reopening the Strait of Hormuz. Iran told the US that its conditions included the immediate lifting of Washington’s naval blockade, the immediate release of all frozen Iranian assets and an end to the war on what Tehran calls all “resistance fronts,” state television reported. The report said Iran’s “firm positions” were conveyed to Witkoff during the meeting.The encounter comes as the Trump administration signals a renewed push to end the war in the Middle East. Trump has said he expects the conflict to end around the November US midterm elections, if not before. The US president used his address to the UN General Assembly on Tuesday to threaten to “annihilate” Iran if its officials failed to reach a deal. Before arriving in New York, Trump had also indicated that he was open to meeting Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian on the sidelines of the UN gathering.

Trump Renames AI ‘Super Intelligence’ as Leaders Jostle Over Dangers
Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
President Donald Trump on Tuesday announced that the US government would rename artificial intelligence "super intelligence" in official communications, as world leaders jostled over how to address the dangers of the fast-advancing technology. AI has become a major topic at the UN General Assembly after incidents of the technology falling out of the control of humans and warnings by company insiders drew global alarm and calls for better government supervision of the industry. Speaking to the assembly, Trump stood by his firm opposition to regulating AI, while arguing the word "artificial" undersold the technology and voicing hope the rest of the world would adopt the new term. Super Intelligence "sounds much better" and "it's much more accurate," he said. The rebrand is the latest in a series of renamings pursued by the Trump administration, which changed the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America" via executive order last year and, in August, renamed Lake Ontario "Lake America" amid a trade dispute with Canada.The US leader also compared the warnings of AI safety advocates to warnings about climate change, whose human causes are affirmed by the overwhelming consensus of the scientific community. "The United States totally rejects any attempt to construct a globalist scheme to control... artificial intelligence," he said. "Every major new technology brings challenges, and superintelligence is no exception," he added. "The very same people who said we'll all be dead in 12 years because of global warming... are now saying that AI is going to kill us all, that robots are going to attack us, and that everything is going to be a total disaster."Ahead of the UN assembly, leaders of more than 20 mostly European countries urged binding safety measures for advanced AI, warning that the technology's development could outpace the ability to control it. AI superpowers China and the United States did not endorse the idea.
'Vassals' -
Speaking on the sidelines of the UN meeting, Prime Minister Andy Burnham said he planned to use Britain's role as host of the Group of 20 next year to push for a "single set of global principles and standards" around AI, according to Bloomberg. French President Emmanuel Macron proposed building AI technology independent from the great powers. "I don't want anyone to become the vassal of one of the great powers," Macron told the UN General Assembly, apparently in reference to China and the US. "Our investment capabilities must be pooled to build a cutting-edge open-source AI model, which we will share. We should not depend on somebody else." The US-based AI giants themselves are increasingly asking for global coordination on AI safety, with OpenAI's Sam Altman set to address the UN Security Council on Wednesday. Anthropic chief Dario Amodei and Hugging Face co-founder Clement Delangue will also participate remotely, a French official said Tuesday. France, which holds the Security Council presidency this month, initiated the meeting and believes AI's threat to international peace and security has not been sufficiently discussed at the UN.
UN chief Antonio Guterres, meanwhile, called for the US and China to start a dialogue on the technology's future akin to US-Soviet engagement at the height of the Cold War. "Governments with the greatest AI capabilities have the greatest responsibilities to humanity, to establish channels for dialogue," Guterres said in his address to the assembly. "At a pivotal moment during the Cold War, strategic rivals came to recognize the need to manage shared existential risks." China and the US are currently discussing creating a communication channel for AI concerns in anticipation of a Washington summit meeting between Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday.

Iran hardened demands for ending war with US after June deal collapsed, IRGC says
Al Arabiya English/22 September ,2026
Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) spokesman Hossein Mohebi said on Tuesday that Iran had hardened its conditions for ending the war with the United States following the collapse of a June deal, adding Washington now had “no choice” but to accept its demands.
Iran had previously agreed with the United States to a memorandum of understanding laying out a pathway to a permanent settlement of the conflict, only for the deal to later unravel as each side accused the other of violating it. “They broke the agreement and committed another vicious act. We have therefore toughened our conditions,” Mohebi told AFP in an exclusive interview in Tehran, noting that if the US persisted with its current course, “they will only make things difficult for themselves.”“We are not their playthings, and they cannot unilaterally violate an agreement they signed whenever they please.”During the interview, Mohebi outlined Iran’s view of the nearly seven-month Middle East war and the prospects for ending it as diplomatic efforts stall. “We believe we have won this war, and we are currently consolidating that victory into a total deterrent force,” he added. The June memorandum of understanding included Iranian demands on the lifting of US oil sanctions, removing its naval blockade on Iranian ports, unfreezing Iranian assets abroad, and ending the war on all fronts, including Lebanon. Since it fell apart, however, Mohebi said Iran had toughened its demands, including by seeking the release of the full $24 billion in frozen Iranian assets up front before negotiations, rather than in stages. “The issue of Yemen was not on the agenda of the previous agreement. We are now demanding that the lifting of the blockade on Yemen be included in the agreement,” he said.Recently Yemen’s Iran-backed Houthi militia seized control of areas around the strategic Bab al-Mandeb Strait, posing a threat to shipping there.Mohebi insisted that the Houthis were acting independently around Bab al-Mandeb, saying the militia “makes its own decisions and does not need to coordinate with us for anything in the world.”
‘Offensive posture’
While the heaviest phase of the Middle East war has subsided, sporadic attacks – mainly near the Strait of Hormuz, a vital artery for energy shipments from the Gulf – have dimmed prospects for peace.Since the war erupted, Iran has required vessels transiting Hormuz to coordinate with its authorities, while Gulf states have sought alternative routes to bypass the waterway.“There will be no alternative to the [Arabian] Gulf strait for at least the next 20 years. After all, it is not just about oil,” said Mohebi, adding that the strait was also a vital conduit for other essential products such as fertilizers. In recent weeks, US has shifted toward a campaign of what it calls “economic asphyxiation” of Iran, targeting foreign banks over alleged links with Tehran, and recently announcing tighter sanctions on Iranian airlines. “The United States will not achieve its objectives through an economic blockade – even though it harms us – and we will undoubtedly retaliate,” said Mohebi.He also warned that Iran would step up its response if the United States launched new attacks, but insisted Tehran was “not seeking to expand the war.”“If they act recklessly and history repeats itself, our resistance will undoubtedly intensify, bolstered by the experience we have gained,” he said. “This time, we will not merely retaliate; we will adopt an offensive posture, and America will come to regret its actions, suffering greater humiliation than ever before.” He added that the United States had tried to establish contact with the IRGC, but said it had rebuffed the effort. “The Americans have tried to contact us but we refuse any such contact. Our dealings with the enemy – as long as they remain hostile – are conducted solely through arms,” Mohebi said. With AFP

Iran Ready to Reopen Strait of Hormuz if US Eases Military Pressure, Lifts Blockade

Asharq Al Awsat/22 September 2026
Iran can reopen the Strait of Hormuz within seven days if the United States eases military pressure and lifts its blockade on Iranian ports, a senior Iranian official told Reuters on Tuesday. On Sunday, Iran's military central command said it was informed the US was preparing to restart military operations with the support of regional countries, and warned this would lead ⁠to Tehran's retaliation "without ⁠limitations and considerations.”"The US needs to announce that it wants to resolve the issue diplomatically, make that official, and then agree on a timeline for how the process will move forward,” the senior Iranian official ⁠said, adding the Iranian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly is in New York and has full authority to revive diplomacy with the United States. Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian, who left Tehran for New York on Tuesday morning, will not meet US President Donald Trump at the UN headquarters in New York, the official told Reuters. The Iranian official said ⁠details ⁠on an agreement to end hostilities with Washington can be discussed in New York via mediators, explaining that Tehran's proposal was delivered to the US through mediators on September 16. "The UN General Assembly is a golden opportunity for the US to return to diplomacy," the official said, adding that Tehran would welcome a revival of diplomacy if Washington takes tangible steps.

Baghdad, Muscat stop accepting Iranian flights, Iranian agency says
Al Arabiya English/22 September ,2026
Airports in Baghdad and Muscat will stop accepting flights from Iran from midnight local time, Iran’s state-linked Tasnim news agency reported on Tuesday, citing a spokesperson for Iran’s Civil Aviation Organization. Iranian aviation authorities are coordinating with their counterparts to redirect flights bound for Baghdad to Iraq’s Najaf airport, the spokesperson said. Other international flights from Iran, including those to Istanbul, will continue operating as scheduled, with no current disruptions, according to the spokesperson. The development comes as Iranian airlines face growing restrictions abroad amid a US campaign to further isolate Tehran economically. Foreign companies providing Iranian airlines with services including refueling and ground handling risk being cut off from the US financial system under measures taking effect Wednesday.US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent warned on Monday that companies servicing Iranian aircraft would face consequences under the measures. “If they land, you cannot provide them with fuel, you cannot provide them with landing services, you cannot sell them tickets, or you will be knocked out of the dollar system,” Bessent told CNBC. The latest restrictions are part of Washington’s broader effort to increase economic pressure on Iran amid the ongoing conflict. Earlier this month, Bessent said the US was looking at airlines, the maritime sector and digital assets as potential targets as it sought to further squeeze Tehran’s economy. Washington has accused Iranian commercial airlines of helping transport weapons and fighters. The US has also blacklisted agents linked to Mahan Air and designated 27 smaller Iranian carriers as part of its latest measures targeting the aviation sector. The aviation pressure comes alongside a US naval blockade targeting traffic through Iranian ports, which has sharply disrupted Tehran’s seaborne trade. President Donald Trump on Tuesday called on countries at the UN General Assembly to help enforce the complete economic isolation of Iran.

China says opposes 'illegal' US sanctions on Iran airlines
Agence France Presse/22 September 2026
China said on Tuesday it opposed "illegal" U.S. sanctions on Iranian airlines, a day after Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent threatened potential measures in a televised interview. Bessent told CNBC that "all the Iranian airlines will be shut down around the world" in a matter of days under the weight of American sanctions, as the Trump administration seeks to ramp up pressure on Tehran. Beijing -- a top economic partner and diplomatic backer of Iran -- slammed the threats on Tuesday, calling such measures "illegal". "China consistently opposes illegal unilateral sanctions that lack a basis in international law or authorization from the UN Security Council," foreign ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun told a news conference. The criticism comes just before U.S. President Donald Trump's summit starting Thursday with Chinese leader Xi Jinping. The United States and Iran have been at war since late February, when U.S.-Israeli strikes killed the Islamic republic's supreme leader and senior military officials at the start of a broad offensive. Tehran countered by blocking the Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway for energy transit, causing global oil prices to surge as the conflict spread in the Middle East. The United States imposed sanctions this month on "all remaining Iranian airlines" that had yet to face such penalties. The Treasury Department also took aim at targets for supporting Iran's aviation sector, including firms based outside Iran. If they land, you cannot provide them with fuel, you cannot provide them with landing services, you cannot sell them tickets or you will be knocked out of the dollar system," Bessent said in the interview. He had previously vowed the United States would declare "economic D-Day" on Iran and pledged to choke off Tehran financially. Bessent's comments came a day after he met with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng for economic talks, laying the groundwork for the meeting between the two countries' leaders this week.

G7 Foreign Ministers Call on Iran to Stop Arming Houthis

New York: Asharq Al Awsat/22 September 2026
G7 foreign ministers on Monday called on Iran to end its arming and support of Houthis in Yemen, which they said constituted a dangerous pattern of escalation that risked undermining international trade ⁠and creating global instability.“We condemn in the strongest terms the unacceptable continued strikes carried out by the Houthis in Yemen and against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” the ministers of Britain, Canada, France, ⁠Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States said in a statement after a meeting on the sidelines of ⁠the UN General Assembly. “We call on the Houthis to immediately cease all ⁠military actions, all threats and attacks against civilian shipping, and ⁠to return to the political process in good faith,” they added. The G7 statement comes ahead of the annual General Assembly in New York, where senior Iranian officials are due to speak. On Monday, the United Nations condemned the continued cross-border attacks by the Houthis against the Kingdom, including an attempted attack on Riyadh and attacks on civilians and energy infrastructure, calling on all parties to exercise restraint and prevent any further escalation. During a press briefing, spokesperson for the Secretary-General Stephane Dujarric expressed deep concern over the ongoing military escalation in and around Yemen, including Houthi offensives in Taiz, Lahj, and Marib, and their grave consequences for civilians in Yemen and across the region. Dujarric stressed the need to uphold obligations under international humanitarian law, including the prohibition of direct attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure.

Turkey’s Erdogan urges world to ‘immediately’ start rebuilding Gaza
AFP/22 September ,2026
The world must immediately start the reconstruction of the devastated Gaza Strip, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday. We must begin the reconstruction of Gaza immediately,” he told the United Nations General Assembly, urging world leaders to “exert greater pressure on Israel.”Since Hamas militants launched their October 7, 2023 attack on Israel, triggering a massive response, the tiny Palestinian territory has been devastated by countless Israeli airstrikes, which by October 2025 had left 84 percent of all structures damaged or destroyed, UN figures show. Despite a US-brokered ceasefire in October 2025, Israel has continued its airstrikes and restricted entry of equipment that international NGOs say are needed for the territory’s reconstruction, which has yet to begin. According to a joint assessment published by the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union in April, Gaza will require $71.4 billion in recovery and reconstruction spending over the next decade.

UN Farewell, Macron Denounces Trump’s Gaza Diplomacy as Spectacle of Shame
Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
France's President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday dismissed US President Donald Trump's claims of having secured peace in Gaza, saying not a single humanitarian corridor had been reopened in the enclave despite the proclaimed peace. In his final address to the United Nations before leaving office next year, Macron said the world was witnessing a spectacle that should shame everyone, rebuking Trump's portrayal of his Gaza peace plan as a diplomatic triumph. He spoke at the United Nations General Assembly hours after Trump had from the same rostrum hailed his Gaza peace plan as a diplomatic triumph. "A year ago, here in this very hall, about a dozen states had recognized Palestine. I hear the cynicism of some people: 'Recognition is just a ‌piece of paper, ‌look at the reality,'" Macron said, banging his fist on the podium ‌in ⁠his last speech at ⁠the United Nations before stepping down next May. "But what credibility do we have if we continue to remain inactive in the face of Gaza? Some boast of a supposed peace. But that peace has not reopened humanitarian access for a single second. Are we simply to stand by and watch this spectacle that should shame us all?"
WHITE HOUSE RESPONDS
In response to Macron's criticism, White House spokeswoman Anna Kelly said: “President Trump ended the war between Israel and Hamas, freed all living hostages, returned the bodies of the deceased to their loved ones, and ⁠is now leading the implementation of the 20-Point Plan for Peace in ‌Gaza. While others talk, this President took this complex problem head ‌on. No one has done more for peace and stability in the region.”Macron has faced criticism among some politicians ‌and activists in France that he has done little since recognizing a Palestinian state last September. Despite the ‌criticism, Paris has toughened its stance on settler violence against Palestinians in the West Bank, imposing some national sanctions and launching a process to ban products from Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank. "Look at what is happening in the West Bank, where every day violations are committed. In whose name? Hamas has never operated in the West Bank," ‌Macron said. "What is happening there is building, day by day, the impossibility of a project that should be based on respect for the legitimate right ⁠of the Palestinian people ⁠to exist."
France's ties with Israel have been particularly strained over the last year. Macron said those who believed that violating the sovereignty of all of Israel's neighbors would ensure its security were mistaken. "They are weakening Israel's security, both today and in the future," he said.
'LONG LIVE THE UNITED NATIONS'
Seven months from France's next presidential election, Macron was making his last appearance after first taking to the rostrum in 2017. Often showing a keen eye for the trappings of diplomacy — the grand settings, the symbolism, the personal connections — he has at the same time failed to translate this into lasting strategic gains, analysts say. However, he has always been a staunch defender of the multilateral system and the United Nations. Macron warned against a global "return to the law of the jungle", saying countries faced a choice between a world governed by power and coercion and a "civilized international society.""Our duty, more than ever, is to stand alongside the United Nations. We cannot accept the new order of impunity that some would like to build," he said. He ended his speech with "Long Live the United Nations!"

FMs of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan, Türkiye Condemn Houthi Attacks on Saudi Arabia

Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
The foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan and Türkiye stressed on Tuesday that dialogue and diplomacy were the only ways to reach sustainable solutions in the region, expressing their deep concern over the continued hostilities.The FMs met in New York on the margins of the 81st Session of the United Nations General Assembly. The meeting provided an opportunity to exchange views on recent regional and international developments. The ministers “reaffirmed the importance of continued consultation and coordination among the four countries in support of peace, security, stability and prosperity in the Middle East and the broader region,” said a statement.Expressing deep concern over continued tension and hostilities in the region, the ministers underscored that “dialogue and diplomacy remain the only path towards sustainable resolution,” and in this context they underscored the need for upholding the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding for lasting peace and stability. “The ministers strongly condemned all attacks against Saudi Arabia, including the recent Houthi attacks, and reaffirmed their unwavering support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of the Kingdom,” added the statement.
They further affirmed “the Kingdom’s inherent right to defend itself, its territory, and its people, in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations.”They also stressed the importance of safeguarding the safety and freedom of maritime navigation. The ministers reaffirmed their “unwavering support for the legitimate Yemeni Government and the Presidential Leadership Council in their efforts to achieve security, stability and development in Yemen through a political process and an inclusive Yemeni – Yemeni dialogue involving different parties.”Reaffirming the centrality of the Palestinian cause to the achievement of peace, security and stability in the Middle East, the ministers reiterated their support for “the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, including their inalienable right to self-determination and to establish an independent, sovereign, viable and contiguous State of Palestine on the basis of the 4 June 1967 lines, with East Jerusalem as its capital, in accordance with relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions.”The ministers underscored “their unwavering support for the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity of Sudan, and stressed the importance of preserving its legitimate national institutions, and rejecting any parallel entities that undermine Sudan's sovereignty and unity.”They stressed the necessity f halting the illicit flow of weapons, mercenaries and foreign fighters into Sudanese territory. The ministers agreed to maintain close coordination and continue their consultations on regional and international developments, with a view to strengthening collective security and promoting long-term regional stability.

Far-Right Israeli Minister Seeks Defense Post in Next Government
Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
Israel's far-right National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir said Tuesday he will seek the post of defense minister in the next government, as the country prepares for next month's elections. Ben-Gvir, who is a key minister in the right-wing coalition of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, regularly sparks international outrage with his provocative statements and political stunts."The reason I am putting myself forward is that the time has come to change the mindset within the army," Ben Gvir said, at a press conference in Jerusalem. "The time has come to transform the State of Israel's security doctrine with a single objective -- decisive victory on every front," he added. The firebrand minister put forward a "security plan" that includes the "encouragement of voluntary emigration" of Palestinians from both Gaza and the occupied West Bank, disarming what he called the "terrorist" Palestinian Authority, and increased support for Israeli soldiers. Earlier in September, Ben-Gvir presented a detailed plan to "encourage" Palestinians from the Gaza Strip to move abroad. Although members of the ruling right-wing coalition have made multiple statements about transferring Palestinians out of Gaza, it is unclear to what extent their remarks will be followed by action. Forced displacement of civilians in occupied territory is considered a war crime under the Geneva Conventions. Ben-Gvir's announcement that he is seeking the defense post caused an uproar among Israeli opposition leaders. Gadi Eisenkot, a key contender for the premiership, accused his main rival Netanyahu on X of having "lost it" by accepting "criminal Ben-Gvir" in his coalition. In his youth, Ben-Gvir was charged more than 50 times for incitement to violence or hate speech, but boasts he was cleared in the vast majority of those cases. According to Israeli media, he was not drafted into the military due to his involvement in extremist far-right groups. The October 27 vote is expected to be close, and there is no guarantee that the parties currently in power will remain so after then. According to a Channel 16 survey published Sunday, Ben-Gvir's Otzma Yehudit (Jewish Power) party is polling at seven percent, which would grant it eight out of 120 seats in Israel's parliament, the Knesset.

Katz vows to force out all of Gaza City if any Israeli abducted
Agence France Presse/September 23/2026
Israel's defense minister threatened Tuesday to force out all of Gaza City's residents and displace a million people in the war-ravaged territory if any Israeli is abducted in the future. Speaking at a memorial for the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Defense Minister Israel Katz also threatened the destruction of infrastructure, which, like the forced displacement of civilians, constitutes a war crime under the Geneva Conventions. "I hereby warn the terrorist organization and its supporters, from Iran to Erdogan -- if a single Israeli soldier or civilian is kidnapped, the entire city of Gaza, with its houses and terror towers, will be evacuated southward with its million residents," Katz said, referring to Hamas and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, an outspoken critic of Israel's Gaza campaign.

Zelenskiy Says He Discussed Energy Truce, Efforts to End Russia War with Trump
Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Tuesday he discussed with US President Donald Trump efforts to end the 4-year-old war with Russia, including a potential bilateral ceasefire on energy-related targets. Speaking to the media after a 40-minute meeting with Trump at UN headquarters in New York, Zelenskiy said Kyiv was ready for any format of an energy ceasefire with Moscow, but there had been no discussion of Ukraine unilaterally halting its attacks on Russian oil refineries. Trump, whose approval ratings have slumped to a record low amid high gas prices ahead of the US midterm elections in November, had expressed concern in recent days over ‌the extensive damage done ‌to Russia's fuel-processing capacity, which he said was stoking diesel prices globally. Zelenskiy reiterated ‌that ⁠he was ready ⁠to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin at a trilateral meeting with Trump, adding that he hoped the US would find a way to bring Moscow back to the negotiating table after talks unraveled earlier this year. Zelenskiy, however, said he had seen no indication that Putin was ready to talk. "I'm ready for a trilateral meeting. It means that I'm agreed to end the war," Zelenskiy said. Before their meeting, Trump told reporters that he and Zelenskiy would discuss Ukrainian attacks on oil refineries. "It is a serious hit on the Russians. It's ⁠also a serious hit on the price of diesel," said Trump. He said he ‌and Zelenskiy would also talk about solutions for ending the ‌war, which began with Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
"I think it's going to happen," Trump said. The ‌US leader announced last week that Ukraine and Russia had agreed not to strike energy targets, ‌but any semblance of a truce disappeared when Russia hit petrol stations in Kyiv the following day and Ukraine bombed a Russian oil refinery. Zelenskiy also met with UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham, who said he lobbied Trump to press for a Ukraine-Russia energy ceasefire in his meeting with his Ukrainian counterpart. Burnham also promised further financial support ‌to Kyiv for infrastructure.
AERIAL ATTACKS
Intensifying aerial attacks by both sides in the Ukraine war in recent weeks have battered ports, warehouses, ships and energy infrastructure, as ⁠well as crippling ⁠Black Sea grain exports.
Amid fears in Ukraine that Russia will once again pound its heating and power facilities as winter approaches, Zelenskiy said he had discussed preparations with Trump and asked the US for a package of Patriot air defense missiles — the only weapon in Ukraine's arsenal capable of downing Russia's ballistic missiles. The US war in Iran and the Ukraine war have depleted global supplies of Patriots, including US inventories. Zelenskiy said that, in return for Patriots from US stockpiles this winter, Ukraine would swap future supplies of interceptors from its deal with Germany, which has agreed to provide Ukraine with 600 Patriots in 2027 and 2028. He told reporters it was a "good step" that the idea was not rejected but acknowledged that Trump had not yet agreed to the proposal. Zelenskiy said that discussions for Ukraine to begin licensed production of Patriots itself were still ongoing, and a member of his team had held a positive meeting with Raytheon, a US producer of Patriots.

The Latest LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on September 22-23/2026
China Is Not Our Friend
Drieu Godefridi/Gatestone Institute/September 22, 2026
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/22871/china-is-not-our-friend

Even if Chinese technological theft is less frequent in Europe than in the United States —there is far less technology to steal from Europe than from the US — it is nevertheless all too present.
The practice follows what the current director of the CIA, John Ratcliffe, long ago called the business model of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP): "Rob, Replicate, Replace." They steal the technology and know-how for a product, copy it, then flood it back into the marketplace at a far lower price, thereby putting the product's original manufacturers out of business. When the CCP believes its hold on the market share has been consolidated into something resembling a monopoly, the prices go back up.
Watch out! The same will be true for computer chips.
Currently, the German car industry is being potentially demolished with this practice by Chinese electric vehicles. Only US President Donald J. Trump is saving America's car industry by banning Chinese vehicles as well as by offering financial incentives to anyone planning to manufacture cars -- or just about anything else -- in the US.
In Belgium, for instance, BelGaN, a flagship Belgian semiconductor company, was bought by the Chinese regime, robbed of its intellectual property, technology and know-how for the benefit of a "mirror company" in China, and then eliminated in Belgium.
GaN technology makes it possible to produce electronic components that are smaller, more energy-efficient and capable of operating at higher frequencies than comparable silicon-based devices. Its applications are numerous: electric vehicles, chargers, solar-power systems, data centers, aerospace and space systems, and military applications such as radar and electronic warfare.
The real "suspect" in the entire affair is, and always has been, the CCP, whose economic development model rests on one simple principle: the constant, systematic and unrelenting theft of Western intellectual property. How much of that is on us for letting them?
[W]hen the Flemish government realized that a Flemish company had become Chinese, it stopped subsidizing it.
BelGaN was declared bankrupt on July 31, 2024, and more than 400 employees lost their jobs.
As part of the bankruptcy proceedings, BelGaN's assets were divided into approximately 1,800 auction lots — individual machines or groups of equipment and other factory assets — and sold online by court-appointed liquidators to raise money for creditors. The auction generated approximately €23 million, with Chinese companies acquiring roughly one-third of the assets, including about €8.5 million worth of high-tech equipment.
The Federal Prosecutor's Office and the Federal Judicial Police of East Flanders are now investigating the matter as part of the bankruptcy case. H.L. was arrested on May 10, 2026, at Zaventem Airport as he was preparing to board a flight to Beijing.
The charges against H.L. are serious: espionage, participation in a criminal organization, misuse of corporate assets, unlawful disclosure of trade secrets and bankruptcy-related offenses. The prosecutor's office states that there are serious, precise and consistent indications of unlawful transfers abroad of specialized intellectual property and trade secrets relating to the production of GaN chips.
Alan Zhou, BelGaN's last CEO and a Chinese national, is currently being sought by Belgian authorities.
CIA Director John Ratcliffe long ago described the business model of the Chinese Communist Party as "Rob, Replicate, Replace." They steal the technology and know-how for a product, copy it, then flood it back into the marketplace at a far lower price, thereby putting the product's original manufacturers out of business. In Belgium, flagship Belgian semiconductor company BelGaN was bought by the Chinese regime, robbed of its intellectual property, technology and know-how for the benefit of a "mirror company" in China, and then eliminated in Belgium.
Even if Chinese technological theft is less frequent in Europe than in the United States —there is far less technology to steal from Europe than from the US — it is nevertheless all too present.
The practice follows what the current director of the CIA, John Ratcliffe, long ago called the business model of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP): "Rob, Replicate, Replace." They steal the technology and know-how for a product, copy it, then flood it back into the marketplace at a far lower price, thereby putting the product's original manufacturers out of business. When the CCP believes its hold on the market share has been consolidated into something resembling a monopoly, the prices go back up.
Watch out! The same will be true for computer chips.
Currently, the German car industry is being potentially demolished with this practice by Chinese electric vehicles. Only US President Donald J. Trump is saving America's car industry by banning Chinese vehicles as well as by offering financial incentives to anyone planning to manufacture cars -- or just about anything else -- in the US.
In Belgium, for instance, BelGaN, a flagship Belgian semiconductor company, was bought by the Chinese regime, robbed of its intellectual property, technology and know-how for the benefit of a "mirror company" in China, and then eliminated in Belgium.
The BelGaN site in Oudenaarde, East Flanders, dates back to 1983, when it operated under the name Mietec and was regarded as one of the flagships of Flanders' "third industrial revolution." It subsequently came under AMI Semiconductor and then ON Semiconductor (ONSEMI). In 2021-2022, ONSEMI, Belgium's last industrial-scale chip manufacturing facility, was sold to BelGaN for approximately $13.6 million.
BelGaN Group BV, incorporated on September 30, 2021, was a joint venture between Rockley Management (HK) Ltd and Wuxi Group Ltd, two companies registered in China. That should have set off alarm bells among the Belgian authorities, notoriously among the most naïve and credulous in Europe.
Belgium, however, did not bring an interfederal foreign-investment screening mechanism into force until July 1, 2023. Meanwhile, the acquisition of the plant had been completed in February 2022. Today, semiconductors are explicitly listed among the strategic technologies subject to screening... a bit late.
Rockley Management (HK) Limited forms part of a technological and financial network long active between the United Kingdom and China. The Hong Kong company is linked to brothers Andrew and Robert Rickman, central figures in the Rockley Group, based in Oxford and also established in Shanghai. The group developed several semiconductor investments in China, notably through a Rockley China Fund and stakes in Chinese technology companies. Andrew Rickman was also appointed an honorary professor at the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, which comes under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Rockley Management was therefore not an isolated Hong Kong vehicle but part of a technology-investment network already deeply connected to the Chinese ecosystem.
Alan Zhou (also known as Alan Zhen Zhou or Zhou Zhen) an experienced industry executive, was appointed CEO of BelGaN. The stated goal was to transform its plant into a foundry for 6- and 8-inch gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor wafers, create a "GaN Valley" in Belgium and align the company with the European Chips Act.
GaN technology makes it possible to produce electronic components that are smaller, more energy-efficient and capable of operating at higher frequencies than comparable silicon-based devices. Its applications are numerous: electric vehicles, chargers, solar-power systems, data centers, aerospace and space systems, and military applications such as radar and electronic warfare.
Approximately 400 to 440 employees were retained.
Creation of a "Mirror Company" in China
A few months after BelGaN was acquired, a new Chinese company called Fuzhou GaGu Semiconductor Co. (福州镓谷半导体有限公司) — also known as Gankool, GaNkool and Gancool — was created in the Fuzhou development zone, Fujian Province. It produces exactly the same GaN technology, under the same conditions, using the same machines and processes. Fuzhou GaGu Semiconductor is financed by a purely Chinese investment fund, "partnering," as all businesses are required to do, with the Chinese government.
The timing is important. On February 8, 2022, ONSEMI finalized the sale of its Oudenaarde plant to BelGaN Group BV. On July 20, 2022, Fuzhou GaGu Semiconductor was incorporated in Fuzhou.
This timing demonstrates the existence of an overall plan from the very first Chinese move toward BelGaN. One does not improvise a semiconductor company, its model, methods and technology, in a matter of months. The timing also reveals the Chinese regime's feeling of impunity when confronted with naïve Belgium, or most likely anyone else who complies.
The Principal Suspect: H.L.
H.L., whom several public sources have identified as probably the GaN specialist Hu Liang (梁琥), is a 52-year-old Belgian-Chinese national residing in Leuven. Around August 2022, H.L. took up a senior research position at BelGaN.
Before joining BelGaN H.L. had previously worked at the Belgian nonprofit research and development organization Imec ("the chip lab of the world"), where he headed its epitaxy activities – the process of placing crystalline layers of foundation on which to build semiconductor devices. Chinese publications simultaneously present him as general manager, CTO and chief scientist of Fuzhou GaGu Semiconductor. The Belgian federal prosecutor's office and most Belgian media outlets continue to identify him only by the initials H.L.
In March 2023, H.L. was presented as a director of Fuzhou GaGu Semiconductor at a conference in China, alongside Alan Zhou. His LinkedIn profile mentioned only BelGaN.
There was still no reaction from the Belgian authorities, even though all the elements of the "transfer" were plainly in place.
When one speaks of the principal suspect, what must obviously be understood is the linchpin of the totalitarian Chinese Communist regime. The West needs to be reminded, relentlessly, that there is no Chinese government, only the Chinese Communist Party. Likewise, every Chinese company is merely one of the estimated 100 million faces of the CCP, whose members make up roughly 7% of China's population. The real "suspect" in the entire affair is, and always has been, the CCP, whose economic development model rests on one simple principle: the constant, systematic and unrelenting theft of Western intellectual property. How much of that is on us for letting them?
Financial Difficulties, Bankruptcy and Sale of Assets
In 2023, BelGaN recorded a net loss of €8.3 million on revenue of €55 million. Meanwhile, the company was unable to raise enough financing for its planned conversion from conventional silicon-chip production to GaN manufacturing, which required substantial new capital investment.
The Flemish government examined the company's Chinese links – a review that likely contributed to the decision not to provide rescue subsidies. Put differently, when the Flemish government realized that a Flemish company had become Chinese, it stopped subsidizing it.
BelGaN was declared bankrupt on July 31, 2024, and more than 400 employees lost their jobs.
As part of the bankruptcy proceedings, BelGaN's assets were divided into approximately 1,800 auction lots — individual machines or groups of equipment and other factory assets — and sold online by court-appointed liquidators to raise money for creditors. The auction generated approximately €23 million, with Chinese companies acquiring roughly one-third of the assets, including about €8.5 million worth of high-tech equipment. Other buyers came from Germany, the United States and elsewhere. Some of the machinery bound for China required export licenses because of potentially military or defense-related applications.
Investigation, Arrest and Charges
The Federal Prosecutor's Office and the Federal Judicial Police of East Flanders are now investigating the matter as part of the bankruptcy case. H.L. was arrested on May 10, 2026, at Zaventem Airport as he was preparing to board a flight to Beijing. He remains in pretrial detention at Oudenaarde Prison.
The charges against H.L. are serious: espionage, participation in a criminal organization, misuse of corporate assets, unlawful disclosure of trade secrets and bankruptcy-related offenses. The prosecutor's office states that there are serious, precise and consistent indications of unlawful transfers abroad of specialized intellectual property and trade secrets relating to the production of GaN chips.
Alan Zhou, BelGaN's last CEO and a Chinese national, is currently being sought by Belgian authorities. According to Belgian media, Zhou played a decisive role in transferring BelGaN's intellectual property, technology and know-how to Fuzhou GaGu Semiconductor. This is plausible, to say the least, given that he was the CEO of BelGaN from its inception until its bankruptcy.
H.L.'s lawyer, Dimitri de Beco, denies all the allegations against his client and stresses the presumption of innocence. He argues that, even if the facts were established, they would not amount to espionage but possibly instead to the unlawful disclosure of trade secrets.
Technological and Strategic Stakes
Belgium's State Security Service, in its "Intelligence Report 2025," describes a Chinese strategy using "mirror companies" that it calls "copy to China":
"Chinese firms invest in Belgian companies, research centres or spin-offs – preferably small entities developing promising technologies but facing funding challenges – to gain access to specific technologies. They then establish a 'copy to China' company in China to produce the same technology on a larger scale. The original parent company is subsequently sold, ideally at a profit."
The investigation is ongoing. No conviction has been handed down to date.
*Drieu Godefridi is a jurist (University Saint-Louis, University of Louvain), philosopher (University Saint-Louis, University of Louvain) and PhD in legal theory (Paris IV-Sorbonne). He is an entrepreneur, CEO of a European private education group and director of PAN Medias Group. He is the author of The Green Reich (2020).
© 2026 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute.

Who Is More Powerful: Saudi Arabia or Iran?
Abdulrahman Al-Rashed/Asharq Al Awsat/September 23/2026
In the midst of the current war, a question is frequently raised as to why Iran - a country with fewer financial resources and under siege - is more capable of fighting than Gulf states like Saudi Arabia, and whether there is something amiss behind that. This conclusion, that Iran represents a model of "superiority," has been repeated for many years due to military "victories" it achieved against more than half of the region's countries, and not just Israel.
Partially, this is true; it is a dangerous regional power. Over the past 30 years, the reach of its influence and militias to the borders of the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and its hegemony over Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen, have demonstrated that it is a regional offensive power that has historically surpassed the influence of Nasserite Egypt and Baathist Saddam's Iraq at the peak of their power.Saudi Arabia and Iran are two major oil-producing nations, but they have chosen two different paths to build power. Each country has a different vision for success: Saudi Arabia primarily invests in the strength of its economy and the state, while Iran has primarily invested in the power of weapons and external influence.
Saudi Arabia views the source of strength as a superior economy, advanced infrastructure, modern cities, and global investments. Iran, on the other hand, finds its definition of success and power exclusively in the military sphere, comprising missiles, drones, a nuclear program, and the recruitment of tens of thousands of Afghans, Iraqis, Lebanese, and Yemenis as a massive proxy army that it trains, finances, and directs to serve its strategy and fight for its ambitious expansion. At a time when Saudi Arabia hosts Yemenis and supports them economically and their livelihoods, Iran recruits tens of thousands of impoverished Yemenis and uses them to fight on its behalf, as it did with the Zainabiyoun, Fatemiyoun, Hezbollah, Asaib Ahl al-Haq, and the rest of the militias in the region and its allies in Africa. It recruited them for military purposes, exploiting the wretched humanitarian conditions in which they live.
In contrast, Saudi Arabia has absorbed more than ten million people who came from such countries to support their families, improve their incomes, and take part in the development there. Just as Saudi Arabia builds giant railway and metro networks between its regions and cities, Iran digs trenches and carves through mountains to build and store its regionally directed weapons. And while Saudi Arabia boasts of its products - most recently this week, its CEER electric vehicles - Iran proudly announced a new military drone carrier named "Shahid Bagheri," a commercial ship it converted into a platform for transporting and operating combat drones.Saudi Arabia is a massive economic power, while Iran is a major offensive power. This does not diminish Saudi defensive strength, as it possesses a superior combat air force; however, it has not transformed into an aggressive political project. Saudi Arabia's foreign projects are economic, whereas Iran's projects are military, having spent billions of dollars on the Lebanese Hezbollah over four decades at a time when its population suffers from poverty and a deteriorating currency, which has plummeted to two million tomans to the dollar.
In the past few years, the discussion and work in Riyadh have centered on how to save the economy for the post-oil phase and planning for alternatives. There is no doubt that the steps Saudi Arabia has taken after 2015 are what are saving it today from the collapse of current oil revenues caused by the war.
In Iran, however, the question and the thinking have remained the same since the 1990s: how to build greater power, expand influence even further across the region, and harness all of the country's capabilities solely for war?
The truth is that the Iranian model is not new to the region; it is an imitation of what Saddam Hussein began, who inspired the Tehran regime to make the military project the focal point, with all state capabilities serving it rather than the reverse. Saddam succeeded in achieving missile capabilities and a million-man army, fought Iran fiercely for eight years, threatened Syria, invaded Kuwait, and threatened Saudi Arabia, only to be destroyed after his invasion of Kuwait. Saudi Arabia itself is one of the largest spenders on defense; however, this spending is part of a broader state project whose goal is to protect the economy, facilities, and cities, rather than expansion, occupation, and a sense of excessive power.
Declared Iranian military spending may appear significantly lower, but numerical comparison is misleading due to low production costs and wages in Iran, the multiple funding channels for the Revolutionary Guard, proxy funding, and a lack of budget transparency. Iran spends most of its revenues on the war machine and neglects other sectors.The truth lies not in the budget difference between the two neighboring countries, but rather in how it is spent. Saudi resources go toward tourism, mining, energy, industry, technology, sports, and aviation, while a larger portion of Iran's resources goes to the Revolutionary Guard, enrichment, missiles, drones, and armed groups outside its borders.It is not difficult to know who is stronger as a state, rather than as an aggressive power. Most of Saudi Arabia's activities involve building new companies and projects, such as Riyadh Air, the Red Sea projects, Diriyah, Qiddiya, and AlUla, alongside expanding into mining, renewable energy, hydrogen, and technological industries.
Meanwhile, the focus of Iranian spending is on projects such as developing its nuclear program, which was the largest project it spent on in the country's history and was destroyed in June 2025. We must not mistake the true meaning of power and actual success for today and the future. All countries that have exclusively adopted the project of an aggressive military state have ended up in weakness or destruction, and Iran today is a striking example, preceded by Cuba. There is also North Korea, a fearsome military power that is, at the same time, considered one of the poorest and worst-off countries in its region.
There is no doubt that the war involving Iran, Iraq, and Yemen prompts Saudi Arabia to accord greater attention to its defensive capabilities, unless the region awakens to a change that brings an end to tension and wars.The final question remains: why does Saudi Arabia not want a major war with Iran? I believe the reason is clear. Riyadh has an interest in peace and understandings because it has built economic assets and a great infrastructure, and it will not enter a war unless forced to do so. As for Iran, it has nothing to fear for; its assets are military, and it has hidden them underground.

The Mecca Agreement and the Emergence of a Fourth Regional Balance?
Nawaf Kabbara/LevantTime/September 22, 2026
If the Middle East is now the scene of a confrontation between Israeli, Turkish and Iranian projects, the Mecca agreement on joint defense between Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan could signal the emergence of something different: not necessarily a fourth hegemonic project, but a new project for regional balance. The significance of the agreement lies in the fact that the three countries bring together remarkably complementary sources of power.
Turkey has a powerful military, is a member of NATO, and has a rapidly expanding military and technology industry, as well as advanced capabilities in drones and electronic warfare.
Pakistan is a major military power. It is the only Muslim state to possess nuclear weapons. It also has extensive military and strategic experience.
Saudi Arabia, for its part, has economic and financial power, as well as energy resources, alongside its central position in the Arab and Muslim worlds and its growing political weight on the international stage. The combination of Saudi financial power, Turkish military and industrial power, and Pakistani military and nuclear capabilities thus creates, for the first time in decades, the possibility of a regional power center emerging that would not be entirely under the American umbrella. This does not mean that the three countries have decided to break with the United States. Turkey remains a member of NATO, while Saudi Arabia and Pakistan maintain important ties with Washington. But the new element is that these states are now making clear, in practice, that regional security can no longer remain exclusively dependent on the guarantees of an outside power.The agreement is thus part of a broader international transformation. The order that emerged after the end of the Cold War, in which the United States was the virtually sole power capable of setting the rules of the game in the Middle East, is beginning to evolve toward a more multipolar system.China is present both economically and strategically. Russia, despite the decline of some of its influence, remains an international power. India is emerging as an increasingly important global power. And Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan no longer want to be mere states operating within an order shaped by others; they now seek to participate in shaping it.
Beyond an Alliance Against Iran
It would be wrong to view the Mecca agreement as a simple Sunni alliance directed against Iran. The three countries themselves have stressed the defensive nature of the agreement, emphasizing that it is directed against no particular state. More importantly, their strategic interests extend far beyond the confrontation with Tehran. To be sure, they want to prevent the return of Iranian hegemony, but they do not want the collapse of Iranian power to automatically lead the region toward Israeli hegemony.The agreement thus becomes an instrument of balance with a dual purpose:
Containing Iran, on the one hand, and preventing Israel from becoming the sole regional power capable of imposing the rules of the system, on the other.
The distinction is fundamental.
If, in previous decades, the Iranian project sought to build an axis stretching from Tehran to Baghdad, Damascus and Beirut, and if the current Israeli project seeks to establish a strategic supremacy that would make Israel the power no one could challenge, the Mecca agreement could usher in a third logic:
Neither Iranian hegemony nor Israeli hegemony, but a regional balance among several powers. What If Egypt Joined the Agreement?The question then takes on an entirely different significance. The agreement is open to other countries joining, and Egypt has already been mentioned as a natural potential candidate. If that were to happen, the very nature of the alliance would be radically transformed. The grouping would then bring together Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey and Pakistan. In other words, the Gulf’s economic power would be combined with the Arab world’s most populous country, one of the Middle East’s largest military powers, and the Muslim world’s sole nuclear power. At that point, we would no longer be looking at a simple tripartite defense agreement, but at a potential nucleus of a new regional security order. That order could subsequently take various forms and extend to other Arab and Muslim countries. From a Joint-Stock Company to a New Board of Directors. And it is at this point that we can return to the image I put forward in 1988. I said then that the Middle East would be transformed into a joint-stock company, with the United States at the head of its board of directors, and that the struggle would henceforth be over who would take charge of running it.
Perhaps it is time to revisit that image.
The company still exists, but the chairman of the board is no longer in a position to make decisions on his own. Israel wants to become the most powerful regional executive. Turkey wants to be an indispensable partner in running the company. Iran is trying to preserve the share it holds, even as that share continues to erode.As for Saudi Arabia, together with Pakistan and perhaps Egypt and other countries, it appears to have begun asking a different question: Why should a single actor have to run the region? This is where the Mecca agreement’s potential historical significance lies. For if it evolves from a simple joint-defense agreement into a broader political, economic and security system, it could form the nucleus of a regional order based on a balance of power rather than the hegemony of a single power.From Regional Balance to International Balance
But the most interesting aspect of this shift is that this grouping does not need to fully align itself with any of the major international blocs. Turkey is a member of NATO but maintains relations with Russia and China.
Saudi Arabia is a longstanding partner of the United States, but in recent years has deepened its relations with China, Russia and other Asian powers. Pakistan, for its part, has a deep strategic relationship with China, while maintaining important channels with the United States and the West. This means that, collectively, these three countries have a network of relations stretching from Washington to Beijing, via Moscow, Europe and the Muslim world. The true value of this axis would therefore lie precisely in the fact that it is not a subordinate component of any international bloc, but is capable of moving between the different poles.And this may be the defining feature of the international order to come: Power will not belong solely to those who align themselves with the strongest camp, but to those capable of dealing with all camps without ever becoming subordinate to any of them.
If Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan succeed in doing so, the Mecca agreement could go far beyond the question of joint defense. It could become one of the first building blocks of a regional balance within a multipolar world order.The Middle East would then have begun, for the first time in a long while, to move from a stage where others compete for influence to a region where some of its own powers seek to participate in shaping the very rules of the international game.

AI economy: Between American capitalism and Chinese communism
Yousef Algoos/Al Arabiya English/22 September ,2026
A sanctioned power is supposed to make what its adversary needs scarce and expensive. Beijing is doing the reverse. Instead of restricting access, China is flooding the market with open-weight AI models and rock-bottom inference prices, targeting not America’s technology itself but the economics of scarcity that make its AI boom profitable. On July 27, that strategy seemed to surface across all three broad layers of the AI stack: models at the top, logic and memory chips underneath, and chipmaking tools such as deep-ultraviolet (DUV) and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography machines at the base. China sent signals across all three layers that day.At the chip layer, CXMT, China’s largest DRAM chipmaker, surged 466 percent in its Shanghai debut on July 27, lifting its valuation from $85.5 billion to nearly $488 billion, almost half of Micron’s. Over the following two trading days, SK Hynix, Samsung and Micron fell roughly 23 percent, 18 percent and 18 percent, respectively. At the model layer that same day, China’s Moonshot AI released the weights of Kimi K3, a 2.8-trillion-parameter model competing near the American frontier, free to download and run behind a private firewall. OpenAI and Anthropic are not publicly listed, so there was no stock-price reaction to observe. But just three days later, OpenAI cut prices on some models by up to 80 percent as competition from lower-cost Chinese models intensified.The third signal that day came from chipmaking tools. Aishengna, a Chinese lithography-tool maker, had begun producing domestic DUV lithography machines. In turn, ASML, Europe’s most valuable technology company and a key chokepoint in Washington’s strategy, fell 10 percent over two days. The timing was striking. Days earlier, Chinese President Xi Jinping had called for “open source, openness, cooperation and sharing” at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC). The strategic contrast is clear: Washington is trying to preserve the value of scarcity through restriction; Beijing is trying to destroy that value through openness and abundance.
The bigger question is whether China is simply chasing market share, or deliberately commoditizing AI to expose the fragility of America’s trillion-dollar AI boom.
From hokepoints to commoditization: America closes the door, china finds the window
Washington’s bet on scarcity is not irrational. Frontier AI depends on a supply chain defined by indispensable bottlenecks. Nvidia dominates advanced accelerator chips. TSMC makes most of the world’s leading-edge chips. ASML is the only commercial supplier of EUV lithography. Advanced memory chips sits with SK Hynix, Samsung and Micron. Chip-design software and large parts of manufacturing equipment remain American. The United States therefore built its policy around those chokepoints. Restrict access to accelerators, equipment and memory, and the cost of building frontier AI inside China rises. That much has worked. The strategy rests on one assumption, never stated because it never had to be: that scarce computing power means scarce intelligence.China’s answer is a strategic substitution map, layer by layer: SMIC for TSMC, Huawei for Nvidia, CXMT and YMTC for Micron and SK Hynix, and Aishengna’s DUV tools, alongside China’s reported EUV “Manhattan Project,” for ASML. Beijing reinforced the shift in 2026 by slow-walking approvals of Nvidia’s H200 AI chips, steering domestic companies toward Chinese alternatives.
At the AI-model layer, hardware constraints became a design philosophy, embodying the adage that necessity is the mother of invention. Chinese labs learned to extract more capability from less compute through mixture-of-experts, quantization and inference optimization. At first, DeepSeek, Z.AI and Qwen released increasingly advanced open-weight models under permissive American-origin licenses such as MIT and Apache 2.0. Then, Moonshot went further with its own “Kimi K3 License,” signaling a shift from imitation toward innovation through a licensing architecture of its own.
Here is the strategic distinction. Washington tried to keep China off the frontier by making advanced compute scarce and expensive. Once China gained a foothold at the frontier, it did not mirror that strategy. It shifted the battle from access to economics, eroding the premium on advanced compute through open-weights and lower prices. That shift is visible in cheaper application programming interface (API) access and falling token prices, with tokens serving as the basic unit of AI usage. DeepSeek gave the first warning. Its January 2025 launch wiped 17 percent from Nvidia in a single day and sent the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX) sharply lower. Markets recovered within weeks and treated DeepSeek as a shock that had passed. But the steady advance of Chinese models since then has shown it was not an exception. Kimi K3 now competes directly with leading American models and surpasses them on some benchmarks. What looked like a one-off disruption has become sustained, head-to-head competition.The contrast is simple: Washington restricted entry into a market it controls; Beijing answered by compressing the margins inside it. Where China controls supply, it can either restrict supply or flood the market. Where America relies on scarcity and premium pricing, China can attack that advantage through abundance. If America’s AI boom rests on high margins across models, chips and infrastructure, China does not need to stop the boom directly. It can squeeze those margins from inside the market.
The off switch: How Washington made AI open-weights irresistible
On June 12, 2026, the US government ordered Anthropic to suspend foreign-national access to Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 on national-security grounds. The suspension lasted nearly three weeks. For a ministry in Asia or a bank in Europe, the lesson went beyond Anthropic: commercial frontier AI could come with an off switch, and that switch sits inside another country’s regulatory system.Kimi K3 arrived a month later with the opposite proposition: take it, it is yours. The value proposition was sovereignty. Run a frontier-class model behind your own firewall and no foreign provider can withdraw the weights or see your prompts. US closed-model AI providers had long asked customers to “trust us with your data.” Open-weights changed the proposition entirely: trust no one, keep the weights, and run the model yourself. It is the logic that moved governments from closed foreign operating systems toward Linux, now applied to intelligence. But “yours” is expensive. Kimi K3 is a 2.8-trillion-parameter model, and loading its weights alone would require roughly 16 Nvidia B200 GPUs (~$1.2 million), a theoretical memory floor with no headroom for the model’s context window or serving throughput. Even before operating expenses (OPEX), self-hosting only begins to make economic sense at sustained usage measured in billions of output tokens per month, leaving Kimi’s API cheaper for most users. Moonshot’s license turns that openness into a commercial funnel: internal use is free, Model-as-a-Service businesses above $20 million in annual revenue must negotiate with Moonshot, and products above 100 million monthly users must display the Kimi brand. The companies large enough to make self-hosting economical are also the ones Moonshot can monetize.As adoption of Chinese models grows and becomes part of the digital infrastructure powering American businesses, it increasingly collides with Washington’s national-security scrutiny and strategic-dependency concerns. Congressional committees opened investigations into Airbnb and Anysphere over their use of Chinese models, citing data, cybersecurity and national-security risks. But the data-security argument weakens when the model runs behind the customer’s own firewall, while an 80 percent to 95 percent cost advantage makes abandoning Chinese models a difficult sell. The next inversion may be sharper still. Smaller firms unable to self-host Kimi K3 could access it through American clouds. Reuters reported that Moonshot is discussing hosting deals with Microsoft, Amazon and Google. That is the sanctions paradox in reverse: after restricting China’s access to American compute, Chinese model economics could return through American clouds, powered by American GPUs.
The Korean mirror: A warning for the AI-driven US market
Within 48 hours of July 27, Seoul showed what happens when a concentrated market faces intensifying Chinese competition. CXMT’s debut challenged the economics of the global memory market, where it currently accounts for about 10 percent of global DRAM. Investors, however, were pricing not just its current share, but its trajectory: a projected 18 percent share by 2028 and a growing push into the global HBM market.From July 27 to 29, South Korea’s KOSPI fell roughly 16 percent, erasing about $600 billion in market value. With Samsung and SK Hynix together accounting for roughly half of the market, a repricing of memory becomes a repricing of the Korean market. Concentration created the shock; leverage amplified it into a market disaster. Americans could have dismissed this as foreign news. But the same concentration risk was already visible in their own markets. Over July, the SOX fell 21 percent, its worst month this decade, compared with 22 percent in October 2008, wiping out about $2.2 trillion in market value. The damage became tangible in one of the most dramatic fund collapses in US market history. Situational Awareness LP had roughly 56 percent of its disclosed US equity portfolio concentrated in Micron and SanDisk. As those stocks fell sharply in late July, leverage magnified the losses and forced liquidation. The fund collapsed from a peak near $45 billion to roughly $10 billion, wiping out about $35 billion. The July shock also spread to US semiconductor-equipment makers: between July 27 and 29, Applied Materials, Lam Research, and KLA all fell by roughly 13–16 percent.The dependency runs deeper than one index, one fund or a small group of companies. By April, Goldman Sachs estimated that AI-linked stocks accounted for about 45 percent of the S&P 500’s total market capitalization. AI is no longer just driving technology markets; it is increasingly driving US economic growth itself, with AI-driven investment accounting for roughly half of first-quarter 2026 GDP growth. Now imagine the next Chinese breakthrough comes in chipmaking lithography, moving from DUV to the far more advanced EUV systems. What happens, then, if China’s reported EUV “Manhattan Project” succeeds? The consequences would move quickly across the AI-chip stack. SMIC gains leading-edge fabrication capability, Huawei gains greater access to advanced chips, and pressure reaches Nvidia, the world’s most valuable company, representing roughly 8 percent of the S&P 500. The exposure extends to Washington’s partners: ASML represents roughly 45 percent of Amsterdam’s equity market, while TSMC accounts for about 42 percent of Taiwan’s. That is how a breakthrough in one layer of the AI-chip stack, in one country, can move markets across three continents.
AI buildout paradox: Today’s CAPEX vs. tomorrow’s token prices
Strip away the geopolitics and the exposed position is financial. According to the Financial Times, four American hyperscalers are spending about $725 billion on AI infrastructure in 2026, up 77 percent in a year, while Goldman Sachs estimates roughly $7.6 trillion in global AI investment through 2031, with US hyperscalers already at the center of the buildout. Yet every dollar of this buildout rests on the assumption that the intelligence it produces will retain enough value to earn the capital back. Think of it this way: in the oil age, refinery economics ultimately came down to the price of a barrel. In the AI era, data-center economics increasingly come down to the price of a token.That makes the investment equation highly sensitive to price, utilization and efficiency. Epoch AI estimates that a typical 1 GW AI data center costs about $38 billion upfront and $0.9 billion a year to operate. But the silicon clock runs faster. Goldman Sachs and Epoch AI both put the useful life cycle of GPUs and related hardware at roughly five years. Of the $38 billion upfront cost, Epoch AI estimates that about $21 billion, or 55 percent, is tied to the GPU server fleet. At $10 billion in annual revenue, the project can recover its initial investment within the GPUs’ five year life. But if revenue falls to $8 billion, it generates only $35.5 billion after OPEX in five years, short of the original $38 billion CAPEX. Another $21 billion is then needed to replace the GPUs, raising cumulative CAPEX to about $59 billion and stretching payback to roughly 8.3 years.
If revenue falls further to $6 billion, five year cash generation drops to just $25.5 billion. After the first GPU replacement, payback stretches to about 11.6 years. But before reaching that point, a second $21 billion GPU replacement arrives around year ten, pushing break even beyond the facility’s 14 year life. Over those 14 years, the project generates about $84 billion in revenue against roughly $92.6 billion in total costs, leaving a lifetime shortfall of about $8.6 billion.Yet obsolescence is gradual, not binary. Think of an airline fleet. As newer generations arrive, older GPUs remain useful but shift down the value chain, from frontier training to inference, then to smaller models and eventually to less demanding workloads. The hardware keeps working, but its earning power declines. This creates a capital treadmill, forcing operators to fund the next generation of compute before the previous one has fully paid for itself.On the other side of the equation, Chinese models are resetting the price benchmark. They do not need comparable revenue or valuations to exert pressure. They need only deliver capable intelligence at prices low enough to become the marginal price setter without becoming the market leader. That pressure is already visible: Jefferies tracked enterprise inference prices falling 43 percent in just 10 weeks, from $2.04 to $1.16 per million tokens, citing Chinese open-weight models as a primary driver. That competitive pressure is exemplified by OpenAI cutting prices just three days after Kimi K3’s open weights were released. GPT-5.6 Luna pricing fell by 80 percent, followed weeks later in August by a cut in Sol output pricing from $30 to $20 per million tokens.
Market share is beginning to follow price. OpenRouter reported that Chinese models, led by DeepSeek, had overtaken American models in token volume by early June. The shift is happening first where cost matters more than peak performance. Think of demand as an inverted pyramid: if good-enough open models capture 60 percent to 80 percent of routine workloads, the broad base commoditizes while premium American models are left competing for the narrow peak, a much smaller share of the market. The frontier may remain American, but the premium segment could become too small to justify infrastructure built for the entire pyramid.Even so, Jevons’s paradox offers the standard rebuttal: cheaper AI drives more usage. But more usage does not guarantee higher returns on the capital already invested in capacity that has already been built. A data center already running near 100 percent utilization cannot run at 500 percent. What matters, then, is revenue per installed GPU. If token prices fall faster than utilization can rise, additional demand cannot fully offset the decline. A data center built around $100 tasks cannot earn the same return in a $20 market.
The risk grows as the American AI ecosystem becomes more interconnected, while the economics come under pressure from three directions: on the capacity side, oversupply can lower utilization; at the software level, better quantization can reduce compute needs; and at the hardware level, newer chips can deliver the same workload with fewer accelerators and less power. Together, these forces can depress utilization and weaken the economics of existing capacity. If a major investor falters, circular financing and off-take agreements can then transmit the shock across the sector before end-customer demand catches up.Ultimately, the risk to America’s AI buildout is not that demand disappears, but that the price of intelligence falls faster than the infrastructure built to produce it can recover its cost.
Conclusion: The AI bubble question
For now, much of the attention remains on the Formula One race between AI models, with new releases arriving almost monthly. Kimi K3 arrived in July, followed by new DeepSeek and Z.AI models in August, then Fable 5.1, Gemini 3.8 and GPT Astra 6 in September. But the race is no longer confined to models; it is moving into capital markets as well. Reuters reported that Moonshot has filed to go public, putting its valuation and revenue economics into direct comparison with the anticipated IPOs of Anthropic and OpenAI, resulting in OpenAI delaying its planned IPO this year to beyond 2026.
Behind that race, the fragility of America’s AI boom is becoming harder to separate from the risk of an AI bubble. Seen in sequence, the shocks are building: DeepSeek delivered an efficiency shock in January 2025, when SOX fell 9.2 percent. Kimi K3 delivered a capability shock in July 2026, amid a 21 percent monthly fall in SOX. The question may no longer be whether a third shock comes, but how large it could be. If Chinese competition keeps pushing token prices down while trillions of US dollars remain committed to data centers, GPUs and power infrastructure, rising demand may not be enough to protect returns. The risk deepens if compute supply begins to outrun demand, lowering utilization while software and hardware efficiency reduce the capacity needed for each workload. If those pressures converge, the financing structure could amplify the fallout: debt, circular financing and off-take agreements could spread falling returns across the same network that helped finance the AI boom.As the AI boom takes on the characteristics of a bubble, the historical parallels are becoming harder to ignore. In 2000, the dot-com bubble was driven by overbuilding and inflated valuations: fiber-optic networks expanded ahead of demand, while valuations outran revenues. Today, data centers face a similar risk if competition intensifies and newer technology reduces compute demand, while AI valuations continue to outrun proven returns. In 2008, the problem was deteriorating unit economics: house prices fell below the assumptions supporting mortgages and expected returns. In AI, falling token prices could similarly weaken the economics behind trillions committed to infrastructure.The worst case is no longer unimaginable. As the 100th anniversary of the 1929 crash approaches, the comparison some are beginning to reach for is no longer the crises of 2000 or 2008, but the one that preceded the Great Depression. That is not a forecast; it reflects how far the risk calculus has shifted. AI-linked companies now represent roughly half of the S&P 500, while US federal debt exceeds $40 trillion. A major AI correction could therefore hit a highly concentrated market when Washington has less fiscal room to respond. In 2025, stabilizing a single chipmaker took an $8.9 billion federal equity stake in Intel; rescuing an AI ecosystem measured in the trillions would be a different order of magnitude.
The question, then, is whether a bursting AI bubble could become America’s defining financial shock of the century and, in the darkest scenario, open the door to a “Great Depression 2.0.”
Now imagine Washington waking one morning to news that China has cracked commercially viable EUV lithography. That would remove the backbone chokepoint constraining China’s advanced AI-chip stack and expose a paradox in Washington’s strategy: restrictions meant to preserve US technological leverage may also have accelerated China’s push to localize the entire stack, leaving China the only country with the core AI-chip stack end to end within its own borders. Beijing’s commoditization strategy could then extend from models and pricing into the semiconductor layer itself.
At that point, would China still be merely squeezing margins inside the AI boom, or would it be triggering something larger: the bursting of America’s AI bubble?

Selected Face Book & X tweets on September 22/2026
Syrian Response

Thousands of Christian families are returning home to Syria.
One sign of that return: the Holy Land schools in Qunaya and Yaqubiya have reopened after nearly 60 years of closure under Baathist rule. Families are returning. Schools are reopening. Christian communities are rebuilding their future in Syria. 🇸🇾

Nadine Barakat
https://x.com/nadinebarakatlb/status/2102195535100997781/video/1
Clown MP Hussein Hajj Hassan, claims that Hezbollah infiltrated Israel
We suggest Israel picks them all up (Hezbollah MPs) ,throw them in an underground unit & question them about what those claims on TV!
BTW, No need to send them back.
Let us know how it goes!

Alberto Miguel Fernandez
"Washington has explicitly identified reconstruction and commercial contracting [in Lebanon] as potential channels through which Hezbollah-linked networks can generate or divert money."

Masih Alinejad

Mayor Mamdani, you said war criminals who set foot in New York should be arrested.
Good news. One is in New York city this week.
The president of the Islamic Republic is coming to the United Nations, right here in New York.
He heads the regime that massacre innocent protesters. They gunned down unarmed protesters in the streets, hanged our children, and sent its agents to Brooklyn to kidnap and kill a New Yorker.That New Yorker is me. The FBI files and federal indictments are public. Look them up.
If you have the courage to talk about arresting those responsible for crimes against humanity, start with the man sleeping five miles from your office.
Are you willing to act, Mayor? Or do Iranian lives not count?

Cathryn Papadopoulo

@CathrynPapa
Your Excellency,
After 48 years of transitional mandate, continuous efforts to prolong UNIFIL’s deployment represent an abdication of sovereign responsibility and a perpetual evasion of state obligations.The Lebanese Armed Forces bear an exclusive constitutional mandate and an absolute legal duty to assert undivided sovereignty and authority over southern Lebanon. Relying on interim international forces has ceased to be a stabilization strategy; it has become a mechanism for delaying necessary national action.The international community's role has run its course. True statehood demands that Lebanon cease outsourcing its security architecture, confront its foundational responsibilities, and permanently deploy the national military to secure its sovereign borders.