English LCCC Newsbulletin For Lebanese, Lebanese Related, Global News & Editorials
For  April 20/2026
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani
#elias_bejjani_news

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Bible Quotations For today
Thus it is written, that the Messiah is to suffer and to rise from the dead on the third day
Holy Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Saint Luke 24/44-49: “Then he said to them, ‘These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you that everything written about me in the law of Moses, the prophets, and the psalms must be fulfilled. ’Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures, and he said to them, ‘Thus it is written, that the Messiah is to suffer and to rise from the dead on the third day, and that repentance and forgiveness of sins is to be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things. And see, I am sending upon you what my Father promised; so stay here in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high.’”

Titles For Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on April 19-20/2026
A Reading of “President” Joseph Aoun’s Speech: Cloning Failure in Military Garb, Fear of Naming Things, and Words Without Action/Elias Bejjani/April 18/2026
Patriarch Rai's Statement Attacking President Trump is a Mistake and a Sin, Reflecting Ignorance, Stupidity, Lack of Vision, and Blatant Sycophancy/Elias Bejjani/April 15, 2026
Israel says it killed Hezbollah commander just before ceasefire
Lebanese Army restores road, bridge damaged by Israeli strikes
Israel to use 'full force' to 'protect' its troops in Lebanon
Israeli army carries out demolitions in Bint Jbeil, other towns
Syria Says Foiled Cross-Border Attack by Assad Remnants, Hezbollah
Israeli Military Publishes Map of South Lebanon Territory Under Its Control
Israeli Army Says Soldier Killed in Southern Lebanon
Lebanese Army Restores Road, Bridge Damaged by Israeli Strikes
Israel Says to Use ‘Full Force’ in Lebanon Despite Truce if Soldiers Face Threat
France’s Macron to Meet with Lebanon’s PM in Paris on Tuesday
MWL Condemns Attack on UNIFIL in Southern Lebanon
Turkey FM accuses Israel of trying to create 'fait accompli' in Lebanon
Pope Leo says ceasefire in Lebanon is 'a reason for hope'
Qassem says truce can't be one-sided, vows to respond to Israel attacks
Displaced Lebanese hesitant to return home as lasting truce uncertain
Hezbollah official says Lebanon-Israel talks 'do not concern us'
Hezbollah denies involvement in deadly attack on UN peacekeepers
Aoun, Salam discuss readiness for Israel talks
A Comparative Analysis: President Aoun, President Sadat, and the Path to Peace/Colonel Charbel Barakat/April 19/2026
Links to several important news websites

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on April 19-20/2026
Trump Says US Negotiators Will Head to Pakistan on Monday for Talks with Iran
Trump says US going to talks, renews threat against Iran's power plants, bridges
Argentina’s Milei Says US-Israel War Against Iran ‘Right Thing to Do’
Iran Says Final Deal Still Far off as Hormuz Strait Shuttered
Iranians Expect No Post-War Respite Under Military Rule
As Iran War Strains Ties with Trump’s US, UK Looks to Europe
Türkiye ‘Optimistic’ Middle East Ceasefire Will Be Extended, Says FM
Two Foreigners Arrested in Iran for Importing Starlink Technology
Israel Re-Establishes Evacuated West Bank Settlement
Barghouti Remains Central Figure in Palestinian Politics After 24 Years in Prison
Moroccans Protest Israel Death Penalty Law at Pro-Palestinian Rally
Links to several important news websites

Titles For The Latest English LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on April 19-20/2026
Threatening Gulf Ports/Abdulrahman Al-Rashed/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Iran's Regime Is Not Iran: The War the West Refuses to Understand/Pierre Rehov/Gatestone Institute/April 19/2026
The Third Iran/Abdel Rahman Shalgham-Former Libyan Minister of Foreign Affairs/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
The End of Wilayat al-Faqih, from the Hidden Imam to the Absent Leader/Dr. Adel Al-Toraifi/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Jordan’s Wartime Balancing Act/Ghaith al-Omari and David Schenker/The Washington InstituteApr 19/ 2026

The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on April 19-20/2026
A Reading of “President” Joseph Aoun’s Speech: Cloning Failure in Military Garb, Fear of Naming Things, and Words Without Action
Elias Bejjani/April 18/2026
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/04/153736/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KqAiQmlrq0
I. Lost Credibility: Faith Without Works (A Dead Faith)
Yesterday, Friday, April 17, 2026, President Joseph Aoun appeared before us with a quintessentially “wooden” speech, repeating the same old symphony of promises from which the Lebanese have seen nothing since he took office. The “Inaugural Address” he delivered on his election day has remained mere ink on paper, and today he returns with rhetorical fluff devoid of any tangible executive plan. Here, we remind him of the words from the Epistle of James: “Faith without works is dead.” The trust of the Lebanese is not built on resonant speeches but on the actions that Aoun completely lacks. He “talks much and does nothing,” constantly attempting to mask his impotence behind terms like “steadfastness” and “sacrifice,” while attacking those who oppose the terrorist Hezbollah and the Iranian-Jihadi occupation that occupies Lebanon and sows destruction, corruption, displacement, and impoverishment.
II. Malice, Narrow-Mindedness, and the Betrayal of Those Opposing Hezbollah’s Occupation
The speech reveals a mindset that rejects criticism and grows weary of political opposition. Instead of holding the party responsible for the ruin and devastation—namely Hezbollah—accountable, Joseph Aoun poured his wrath upon the sovereignist voices that criticized the presidency’s “cover” for the Hezbollah mini-state. This is evident in the following phrases from his speech:
“We endured accusations… insults… slander, and misinformation”: Here, he classifies political criticism as “insult and slander,” a military language that brooks no debate.
“Do not allow skeptical and treacherous voices to sow division among you”: In a bizarre irony, he labels opponents as “traitors” simply because they questioned the utility of his choices.
“Overcome the instincts of the misleaders”: He dismisses the opposing opinion as mere “instinct” and “misleading,” as if he holds the absolute truth.
“Do not be dragged behind those who exploit your emotions to build their glory at the expense of your stability”: A direct accusation of opportunism and trading on people’s pain.
This fierce attack on Hezbollah’s opponents (exclusively) proves that the man does not write his own speeches. Instead, the task is left to a team of “entrusted” advisors (groups tied to Berri, Hezbollah, the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, opportunists, scribes, and Pharisees). Through this language, they aim to silence any voice demanding the reclamation of the state from its kidnappers—the Iranian-Shia Duo. His statements are issued in a vengeful tone toward “Sovereignists,” while remaining “cowardly” and appeasing toward the Shia Duo and their masters, the Mullahs of Iran. This confirms he is fully tied to the interests of the Duo’s system and the opportunistic advisors who surround him—with his consent—shielding him from the reality of the situation.
III. Cowardice in Naming the “Internal Enemy”
In a predictable sovereignist failure, Joseph Aoun did not dare mention the name “Hezbollah” a single time in his lengthy speech. He utilized vague, generalizing language, avoiding the naming of the party that has violated Lebanon’s sovereignty and its decisions on war and peace. Although the party—by international, legal, and local (Cabinet) decisions—represents an entity outside the state’s legitimacy, Aoun preferred to flee forward. This confirms he remains a silent (or coerced) partner in an alliance that places the party’s interests above those of the nation, stripping him of the title of “Sovereign President.”
IV. Linguistic Acrobatics and Fleeing the Obligation of Peace
Aoun used an “acrobatic” expression when he said: “I am ready to go anywhere to liberate my land and protect my people.” This is a pathetic attempt to emulate historical leaders (like Sadat) without possessing their courage. Had Aoun been serious about “saving his country,” he would have had the courage to say explicitly: “I will go to the White House and meet Netanyahu, and I will go to Israel if necessary to end the cycle of death and conclude a permanent peace.” But, true to form, he prefers the gray zone to appease Nabih Berri, Hezbollah, and Iran, confirming he remains in their political trench and has never stepped out from under their cloak.
V. The “Let Us Congratulate” Groups: Okazis of a Wretched Time
One cannot read the echoes of President Joseph Aoun’s speech without pausing at the choir of “clappers” from the political class, “party corporations,” and the rabble of media mouthpieces and cymbals who rushed to issue statements of praise and support. These represent the “Qumwa Ta Nehni” (Arise, let us congratulate) mentality—a quintessentially opportunistic Lebanese mindset where everyone rushes to praise whoever sits on the throne without any self-respect or objective analysis. We are witnessing an “Okazi” scene (referring to the historic Souk Okaz), but a low-end political version of it. In the past, poets sold praise and blame for dinars; today, we see these politicians like the “repliers” in Lebanese Zajal troupes, improvising praise for Aoun’s speech to guarantee their place in the paradise of power or to satisfy the “entrusted” advisors. Their “Zajal-like” statements lack any credibility; they are merely opportunistic rituals that do not seriously address the issues, but settle for echoing the “President” and those behind him from the de facto powers (Berri and Hezbollah).
Final Conclusion
The scene is now complete: a President drowned in rhetoric, advisors passing the agendas of external axes, an opposition being betrayed rather than heard, and a “Zajal” troupe applauding the void. The speech of April 17, 2026, was not “salvation”; it was a confirmation that power in Lebanon remains a prisoner of a gray-zone mentality and disguised dependency, and that the true “man of the hour” has yet to emerge.

Patriarch Rai's Statement Attacking President Trump is a Mistake and a Sin, Reflecting Ignorance, Stupidity, Lack of Vision, and Blatant Sycophancy
Elias Bejjani/April 15, 2026
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/04/153648/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JJgrnAhAn8
The statement issued yesterday by Maronite Patriarch Bechara Rai, in which he attacked U.S. President Donald Trump under the guise of defending the sanctity of Pope Leo, is both a mistake and a sin. It is misplaced politically and contextually; rather, it once again reveals a deep crisis in credibility and vision.
The most dangerous aspect of this statement is not just its content, but the motive behind it. According to reports circulating in well-informed Lebanese circles, it appears to be an attempt at flattery and a plea for favor from the Vatican and the Pope. This comes amid increasing talk of dissatisfaction within high ecclesiastical circles regarding Rai's performance, and even reports that he was asked to resign and the banning of secretary, lawyer Walid Ghayyad from any public appearance during the Pope’s recent visit to Lebanon. This places the statement within a personal and sycophantic framework that has nothing to do with faith, principles, or ethics.
Regarding his track record, since his election in 2011, Rai has not provided a model of a clear sovereignist patriarch. In his first week, he visited Sheikh Mohammad Yazbek in Baalbek, the then-representative of the Iranian Supreme Leader in Lebanon. From there, he attacked the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) investigating the assassination of PM, Rafik Hariri, in a move that constituted flagrant political bias.
Later, he visited the criminal head of the Syrian regime, Bashar al-Assad, without achieving any tangible results, particularly regarding the file of Lebanese detainees in Syrian prisons. Driven by jealousy and envy of the achievements of the late Patriarch Mar Nasrallah Sfeir, he then attempted to create a political framework similar to "Qornet Shehwan" by gathering political and religious figures affiliated with the Syrian regime and Hezbollah; failure was inevitable. Additionally, in his early days as Patriarch, he dispatched Father Abdo Abou Kasam to participate on his behalf in "Quds Day" in Iran.
During his European, American, and Canadian tours, he did not hesitate to shamelessly and foolishly promote Bashar al-Assad's regime under the slogan of "protecting Christians," ignoring the bloody facts known to everyone.
Internally, his performance has been no better. Serious suspicions have been raised regarding the management of church properties, specifically the allocation of church lands. A prominent example is the circulating reports that he granted a piece of church land near Bkerke to his secretary, Walid Ghayyad, who built a palace on it in clear violation of ecclesiastical laws, sparking widespread resentment within church circles and the community.
Politically, his positions have been characterized by appeasement from the start, especially toward Hezbollah. Clear sovereignist stances have been absent, replaced by a "gray" rhetoric that does not align with the historical role of Bkerke.
In light of all this, his latest statement merely reinforces the same approach: biased, flowery rhetoric that oversteps the spiritual role for the sake of political posturing, attacking an elected president while ignoring the priorities of Lebanon and its people.
This statement adds nothing to the value of defending the Pope. On the contrary, it harms the cause because the person issuing it suffers from a clear crisis of trust, and his positions are surrounded by much doubt.
Conclusion: Patriarch Rai's statement is nothing more than a weak political stance driven by personal calculations and attempts at flattery. It lacks credibility and vision and, therefore, holds no actual value on a national or moral level.

Israel says it killed Hezbollah commander just before ceasefire
Associated Press/April 19/2026
The Israeli army says it carried out a series of strikes that killed more than 150 Hezbollah fighters just before the ceasefire. Among those killed was Ali Rida Abbas, which it said was Hezbollah’s commander in Bint Jbeil. The southern Lebanese town and its surroundings were the site of intense clashes between Israeli troops and Hezbollah militants in the days leading up to the ceasefire. Israel gave no evidence to support its claims, and Hezbollah didn't immediately confirm the death of its commander. The ceasefire took effect early Friday.

Lebanese Army restores road, bridge damaged by Israeli strikes
Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Lebanon's military said Sunday it had reopened a road and bridge damaged by Israeli strikes in the country's south, as a 10-day truce holds between Hezbollah and Israel. In a statement, the military said it "fully reopened" a road linking the city of Nabatieh with the Khardali area, and had "partially reopened the Burj Rahal-Tyre bridge"."Work is also underway to rehabilitate the Tayr Falsay-Tyre bridge... following damage caused by the Israeli aggression," the army added. Israeli strikes on bridges that cross Lebanon's Litani river, which flows around 30 kilometwrs (20 miles) north of Israel, have largely cut off the area south of the waterway from the rest of Lebanon, according to the army. On Friday a ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon took effect after the first direct talks between the two sides in decades, bringing a pause to weeks of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah that has killed nearly 2,300 people and displaced more than a million. Since the truce began, Lebanon's military and local authorities have been working to reopen roads that were blocked due to Israeli strikes. The vital Qasmiyeh bridge was also reopened on Friday morning, allowing countless people displaced from southern Lebanon by the fighting to return to the area and check on their property. However, many residents have remained hesitant to venture back with the longevity of the truce uncertain. On Saturday, an AFP correspondent in the southern city of Sidon saw heavy traffic heading to Beirut as displaced southerners returned to temporary homes and shelters in the capital after briefly visiting southern areas. Earlier that day, Hezbollah official Mahmoud Qmati warned that "Israeli treachery is expected at any time, and this is a temporary truce.""Take a breath, relax a little, but do not abandon the places you have taken refuge in until we are completely reassured about your return," he said. The Israeli military has carried out strikes and demolitions in southern Lebanon despite the truce. It also said Saturday that it had established a "yellow line", similar to one in the Palestinian territory of Gaza that separates Israeli forces from areas held by militant group Hamas.

Israel to use 'full force' to 'protect' its troops in Lebanon

Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said Sunday that the military had been instructed to use "full force" in Lebanon -- even during the ongoing ceasefire -- should Israeli troops face any threat. "Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and I have instructed the IDF (army) to act with full force, both on the ground and from the air, including during the ceasefire, in order to protect our soldiers in Lebanon from any threat," Katz said at a function in the occupied West Bank. He said that the military had also been ordered "to remove the houses in the (frontline) villages near the border that served in every respect as Hezbollah terror outposts and threatened Israeli communities," Katz added.

Israeli army carries out demolitions in Bint Jbeil, other towns

Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Israeli forces on Saturday carried out demolitions in the southern Lebanese town of Bint Jbeil, the scene of intense fighting with Hezbollah prior to the recently agreed 10-day truce, Lebanese state media reported. "The Israeli enemy is repeating its house detonating operations in the town of Bint Jbeil," Lebanon's state-run National News Agency (NNA) said, also reporting demolitions in other border towns where Israeli troops are present. Bint Jbeil, located around five kilometers north of the Israeli border, had been the scene of heavy fighting between Israeli forces and Hezbollah for days before the truce went into force at midnight on Thursday. The town has long been both a symbolic and strategic flashpoint in confrontations between Israel and Hezbollah. It was the site of some of the fiercest fighting during the 2006 war, when Hezbollah's resistance there became central to the group's narrative of defiance. And it was from the stadium in Bint Jbeil in 2000 that the group's former chief Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah delivered his "Liberation" speech following Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon after 22 years of occupation. Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz has previously said house demolitions would be carried out "in order to remove once and for all the border-adjacent threats" as part of efforts to establish a security zone in south Lebanon. His Lebanese counterpart Michel Menassa decried the plans as evidence of an intention to "forcibly displace hundreds of thousands of citizens, and systematically destroy villages."
After a November 2024 ceasefire sought to end the last conflict between Israel and Hezbollah -- during which Nasrallah and other top leaders were killed -- Israeli troops also carried out a series of demolitions in certain towns.

Syria Says Foiled Cross-Border Attack by Assad Remnants, Hezbollah
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Syria's interior ministry said Sunday that security forces thwarted an alleged cross-border attack from the country's territory planned by remnants of ousted leader Bashar al-Assad and cells linked to Iran-backed Hezbollah. From March 2 until a 10-day ceasefire went into force on April 17, Hezbollah was battling Israel after drawing Lebanon into the Middle East war with rocket fire aimed at Israel in support of Tehran. In a statement, the interior ministry said security forces "arrested members of a sabotage cell" linked to Hezbollah and Assad remnants. The ministry said the cell "was working to carry out an attack from inside Syrian territory on targets outside the borders" from Quneitra province, which borders Israel. Syria's official SANA news agency, quoting an interior ministry source, said Hezbollah "intended to launch missiles across the border with the aim of destabilizing the country". Syrian authorities are hostile to Hezbollah as the group played a key role in Syria's civil war that ended in 2024, fighting alongside the forces of now ousted leader Bashar al-Assad. The ministry said the Quneitra incident was the latest among "several attempts to destabilize the country and undermine public security" involving remnants of the former regime and unscrupulous individuals linked to Hezbollah". Last week, Damascus accused Hezbollah of being linked to a cell that attempted to plant an explosive device in front of a house belonging to an unidentified religious figure in the Bab Tuma area of the Syrian capital. But the group denied the ministry's claims last week, saying they were "false and fabricated". Hezbollah said it has "no activity, no ties and no relationship with any party in Syria, and has no presence on Syrian soil". The group called on Syrian authorities "to conduct a thorough investigation before making accusations without evidence". It blamed "the presence of intelligence services" on Syrian soil that it said were "seeking to inflame tensions between Lebanon and Syria". In February, Syria said it had dismantled a cell responsible for recent attacks targeting Damascus's Mazzeh district, claiming the weapons came from Hezbollah, which denied any involvement.  Under Assad, Syria was part of Iran's "axis of resistance" against Israel and enabled the transfer of weapons and money from Iran to Hezbollah. But since taking over, Syria's new authorities have rejected Iranian influence.

Israeli Military Publishes Map of South Lebanon Territory Under Its Control
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
The Israeli military published ‌for the first time a map of its new deployment line inside Lebanon on Sunday, bringing dozens of mostly abandoned Lebanese villages under its control, days after a ceasefire with Hezbollah took effect. There was no immediate comment from Lebanese officials or from Iran-backed Hezbollah. Israel and Lebanon agreed on Thursday to a US-backed ceasefire in fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. The deal, which followed the first direct talks in decades between Israel and Lebanon on April 14, is meant to enable broader US-Iran negotiations but with Israeli forces maintaining positions deep inside southern Lebanon. Stretching east to west, the deployment line on the ‌map runs 5-10 km ‌deep from the border into Lebanese territory, where Israel ‌has ⁠said that it ⁠plans to create a so-called buffer zone. Israeli forces have destroyed Lebanese villages in the area, saying their aim is to protect northern Israeli towns from Hezbollah attacks.It has created buffer zones in Syria and in Gaza, where it controls more than half the enclave. "Five divisions, alongside Israeli Navy forces, are operating simultaneously south of the forward defense line in southern Lebanon in ⁠order to dismantle Hezbollah terror infrastructure sites and to ‌prevent direct threats to communities in northern ‌Israel," the military said in a statement accompanying the map. Asked whether people who fled ‌the Israeli strikes would be allowed to return to their homes, ‌the Israeli military declined to comment. Lebanese civilians have been able to access some of the villages that fall on or beyond the Israeli-set line, but Israeli forces still prevent people from accessing most of those south of the line, a Lebanese security ‌source said. Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said on Sunday that homes on the border exploited by Hezbollah would ⁠be demolished and ⁠that "any structure threatening our soldiers and any road suspected of (being planted with) explosives must be immediately destroyed". Lebanon was dragged into the war on March 2, when Hezbollah opened fire in support of Tehran, prompting an Israeli offensive that has killed more than 2,100 people, including 177 children, and forced more than 1.2 million to flee, Lebanese authorities say. Hezbollah has not disclosed its casualty figures. At least 400 of its fighters had been killed by the end of March, according to sources close to the group. Hezbollah has fired hundreds of rockets and drones at Israel. Its attacks killed two civilians in Israel while 15 Israeli soldiers have died in Lebanon since March 2, Israel says.

Israeli Army Says Soldier Killed in Southern Lebanon

Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Israel's military said on Sunday that a soldier died during combat in southern Lebanon, where a temporary ceasefire had come into effect this week. "Lidor Porat, aged 31, from Ashdod, a soldier in the 7106th Battalion, 769th Regional Brigade, fell during combat in southern Lebanon," the Israeli military said in a statement, without providing further details. The total Israeli army death toll in the six-week war between Israel and Hezbollah was now 15, according to an AFP tally based on military figures. It was the second death announced by Israel of a soldier in southern Lebanon since the start of a ten-day truce announced by the United States began on Friday -- part of wider efforts to bring a permanent end to the Middle East war. The latest round of fighting in Lebanon -- one of the fronts in the regional war -- had begun on March 2 when Tehran-backed Hezbollah launched rocket attacks on Israel to avenge the death of its supreme leader in the opening wave of Israeli-US strikes on Iran. Israel then responded with a strikes it said targeted Hezbollah in Beirut and the southern parts of the country where it had also launched a ground operation.

Lebanese Army Restores Road, Bridge Damaged by Israeli Strikes

Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Lebanon's military said Sunday it had reopened a road and bridge damaged by Israeli strikes in the country's south, as a 10-day truce holds between Hezbollah and Israel. In a statement, the military said it "fully reopened" a road linking the city of Nabatieh with the Khardali area, and had "partially reopened the Burj Rahal-Tyre bridge". "Work is also underway to rehabilitate the Tayr Falsay-Tyre bridge... following damage caused by the Israeli aggression," the army added. Israeli strikes on bridges that cross Lebanon's Litani river, which flows around 30 kilometers (20 miles) north of Israel, have largely cut off the area south of the waterway from the rest of Lebanon, according to the army. On Friday a ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon took effect after the first direct talks between the two sides in decades, bringing a pause to weeks of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah that has killed nearly 2,300 people and displaced more than a million. Since the truce began, Lebanon's military and local authorities have been working to reopen roads that were blocked due to Israeli strikes. The vital Qasmiyeh bridge was also reopened on Friday morning, allowing countless people displaced from southern Lebanon by the fighting to return to the area and check on their property. However, many residents have remained hesitant to venture back with the longevity of the truce uncertain.On Saturday, an AFP correspondent in the southern city of Sidon saw heavy traffic heading to Beirut as displaced southerners returned to temporary homes and shelters in the capital after briefly visiting southern areas.Earlier that day, Hezbollah official Mahmud Qamati warned that "Israeli treachery is expected at any time, and this is a temporary truce"."Take a breath, relax a little, but do not abandon the places you have taken refuge in until we are completely reassured about your return," he said.The Israeli military has carried out strikes and demolitions in southern Lebanon despite the truce. It also said Saturday that it had established a "yellow line", similar to one in the Palestinian territory of Gaza that separates Israeli forces from areas held by the Hamas group.

Israel Says to Use ‘Full Force’ in Lebanon Despite Truce if Soldiers Face Threat
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said Sunday that the military had been instructed to use "full force" in Lebanon -- even during the ongoing ceasefire -- should Israeli troops face any threat. "Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and I have instructed the Israeli army to act with full force, both on the ground and from the air, including during the ceasefire, in order to protect our soldiers in Lebanon from any threat," Katz said at a function in the occupied West Bank. He said that the military had also been ordered to demolish any structure or roads that were "booby-trapped" and threatened soldiers. The aim is "to remove the houses in the villages near the border that served in every respect as Hezbollah terror outposts and threatened Israeli communities," Katz added. An Israeli soldier was killed in southern Lebanon on Friday -- the day a 10-day ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon came into effect -- when he entered a booby-trapped building, the military reported. Katz has repeatedly said Israel would demolish houses along the border as part of efforts to establish a security zone in southern Lebanon. On Saturday, Israeli forces carried out demolitions in the town of Bint Jbeil, the scene of intense fighting with Hezbollah prior to the recently agreed ceasefire. "The overarching goal of the campaign in Lebanon is the disarmament of Hezbollah and the removal of threat to northern communities, through a combination of military and diplomatic measures," Katz said. "If the Lebanese government continues to fail to uphold its obligations -- the army will do so through continued military action." Lebanon was drawn into the Middle East war in early March when the Tehran-backed Hezbollah launched rockets towards Israel in support of Iran. Israel responded with massive strikes across Lebanon and an invasion of southern Lebanon.

France’s Macron to Meet with Lebanon’s PM in Paris on Tuesday

Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
French President Emmanuel Macron will on Tuesday meet with Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam in Paris, his office announced, amidst a fragile 10-day truce between Israel and Iran-backed Hezbollah.The visit highlights Macron's commitment to seeing "full and complete respect for the ceasefire in Lebanon" as well as France's support for Lebanon's "territorial integrity", the president's office said on Sunday. Israel and Lebanon on Thursday agreed to a 10-day ceasefire to give time to negotiate an end to six weeks of fighting between Israel and the group.The visit was announced a day after France blamed Hezbollah for an ambush on UN peacekeepers which left one French soldier dead and three others wounded. Macron is to urge Lebanese authorities to "shed full light on the incident" and "identify and prosecute those responsible without delay," his office added. An initial assessment by the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) found the attack was carried out by Hezbollah, according to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. "UNIFIL soldiers, who are carrying out their missions in difficult conditions and supporting the delivery of humanitarian aid to southern Lebanon, must under no circumstances be targeted," the Elysee said. Hezbollah -- which strongly opposes to the planned Lebanon-Israel talks -- denied involvement in the attack that killed the French peacekeeper. The fighting in Lebanon has seen UNIFIL positions repeatedly targeted by Israeli and Hezbollah forces.

MWL Condemns Attack on UNIFIL in Southern Lebanon
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
The Muslim World League (MWL) condemned the attack targeting the French battalion of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in southern Lebanon, reported the Saudi Press Agency on Sunday. In a statement, MWL Secretary-General and Chairman of the Organization of Muslim Scholars Sheikh Dr. Mohammed Al-Issa reiterated the organization’s condemnation of attacks on UN agencies and their missions, as part of its broader rejection of all acts of violence and terrorism. Al-Issa noted that the attack breaches international obligations concerning the safety and security of UN personnel. He offered condolences to the victims and wished the injured a speedy recovery. A UN peacekeeping force in southern Lebanon came under attack with small arms fire Saturday morning, leaving one French peacekeeper dead and three others wounded, two of them seriously, France's president and the force known as UNIFIL said. Both President Emmanuel Macron and the UNIFIL force blamed Hezbollah, but the group denied involvement. The attack near the southern Lebanese village of Ghandouriyeh came after a 10-day ceasefire went into effect at midnight Thursday between Israel and Hezbollah.

Turkey FM accuses Israel of trying to create 'fait accompli' in Lebanon

Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Turkey on Sunday accused Israel of seeking to create a "fait accompli" in Lebanon despite an agreed ceasefire, with the foreign minister denouncing "Israeli expansionism"."The ongoing Iran–United States negotiations seem to be overshadowing this situation (in Lebanon). Israel appears to be trying to take advantage of this distraction to create a fait accompli," Hakan Fidan said. On Saturday, Fidan said Israel was attempting to occupy new territories.

Pope Leo says ceasefire in Lebanon is 'a reason for hope'
Associated Press/April 19/2026
Speaking at the end of his Mass in Kilamba, Angola, Pope Leo said the ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah was a “sign of relief for the Lebanese people.”He said: “I encourage those who have been committed to the search for a diplomatic solution to continue peace talks so that the end of hostilities throughout the Middle East becomes permanent.”Leo said he prays for a permanent ending of hostilities in the Middle East.The pope is on an 11-day, four-nation African journey that has been characterized by repeated appeals for peace.

Qassem says truce can't be one-sided, vows to respond to Israel attacks

Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem said overnight that the ongoing 10-day truce with Israel cannot be one-sided, vowing that his fighters would respond to Israeli attacks on Lebanon. "A ceasefire means a complete cessation of all hostilities. Because we do not trust this enemy, the resistance fighters will remain in the field with their hands on the trigger, and they will respond to violations accordingly," Qassem said in a statement read out on TV. "There is no ceasefire from the side of the resistance only, it must be from both sides."He also offered his first reaction since the ceasefire went into force at midnight on Thursday (2100 GMT), with the terms shared by the U.S. State Department. Qassem called it "an insult to our country and our homeland, Lebanon, that America dictates its text and speaks on behalf of the Lebanese government." The truce came days after Lebanon and Israel's ambassadors to the U.S. met in Washington ahead of planned direct negotiations between the two countries, the first in decades. "Enough of subjecting Lebanon to these humiliations by negotiating directly with the Israeli enemy and listening to its dictates, and by the shameful spectacle in Washington," Qassem said.
Tehran-backed Hezbollah drew Lebanon into the Middle East conflict on March 2 by attacking Israel to avenge the killing of Iran's supreme leader, prompting waves of Israeli airstrikes and a ground invasion in the south.
Qassem expressed "gratitude" to Iran "for their support and assistance," saying the country kept the Strait of Hormuz closed until a truce was reached in Lebanon. Iran's military declared the Strait of Hormuz closed again on Saturday, after a brief reopening, in response to a U.S. blockade of its ports.
The Lebanese government has taken several unprecedented steps against Hezbollah over the past year, including vowing to disarm it and outlawing its military activities. Hezbollah has rejected these moves, but Qassem maintained his group was "open to the fullest cooperation with the Lebanese authorities, embarking on a new chapter... and utilizing our strengths within a national security strategy."

Displaced Lebanese hesitant to return home as lasting truce uncertain
Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
After the ceasefire in Lebanon took hold, Samah Hajoul headed back to her apartment in Beirut's southern suburbs -- but only long enough to grab fresh clothes, feeling safer in her tent as she wonders whether the truce will last. "I am afraid to return to my home because the situation is not stable yet," the displaced mother of four told AFP from her campsite on the capital's seafront. The ceasefire, which entered its second day Saturday, has granted many people the chance to check on their homes in areas where Hezbollah holds sway, like the southern suburbs, which were heavily bombed by Israel.
Hajoul found her apartment lightly damaged, with broken windows, but was only there to "bathe the children and get summer clothes" as temperatures started to rise. "We do not feel safe to return, for fear that something might happen at night and I would not be able to carry my children and flee with them," she added. Hajoul had to leave her neighborhood when Hezbollah drew Lebanon into the Middle East conflict on March 2 with rocket attacks on Israel, prompting widespread Israeli airstrikes and a ground invasion in the country's south. Like many other displaced residents, Hajoul was waiting to "see what happens" at the end of the 10-day truce before deciding whether to go back. "If the ceasefire is consolidated, we will return to our homes," she said. In the heavily bombed suburbs, neighborhoods were still largely empty on Saturday, aside from those making quick visits to their homes, according to an AFP correspondent. Among them was Hassan, 29, who only picked up a few things before returning to a school turned government shelter. Hassan, who only gave his first name, pointed to "tension" surrounding Israeli strikes in the south and Iran's announcement it was again closing the Strait of Hormuz, rattling the ongoing ceasefire in the broader war. With both Israel and Hezbollah accusing each other of breaching the truce in Lebanon, Hassan said "there is no indication that there is a solution.""We are afraid that if we return to the suburbs we will lose our place in the school to which we were displaced."
'A temporary truce' -
Israeli attacks on Lebanon killed nearly 2,300 people over the course of the war and displaced more than a million, according to Lebanese authorities, mostly from southern Lebanon and Beirut's southern suburbs. On Saturday, senior Hezbollah official Mahmoud Qmati did little to reassure the displaced when he warned that "Israeli treachery is expected at any time, and this is a temporary truce." "Take a breath, relax a little, but do not abandon the places you have taken refuge in until we are completely reassured about your return" to your homes, he said. AFP photographers saw heavy traffic heading south from Beirut in the morning, and similarly heavy traffic returning to the capital in the afternoon. According to local media and residents, Israeli forces continue to carry out demolition and bombing operations on homes in several border villages. The Israeli army on Saturday said it attacked "terrorists in several areas in southern Lebanon", noting that the military was authorized to take action against imminent threats in spite of the ceasefire.
'They will return' -
Lebanese authorities hope the consolidation of the ceasefire will allow the displaced to return to their homes and compel Israeli troops to withdraw from the south. The Israeli military said Saturday it had established a "Yellow Line" in southern Lebanon, similar to the one separating its forces from territory still held by Hamas in Gaza. In the south, Lebanon's military and local bodies have been working to open roads that were blocked due to Israeli strikes since the early hours of the ceasefire.In Hanawayh, east of the southern city of Tyre, deputy mayor Mustapha Bazzoun pledged to "restore life by securing all services, from communications to opening roads, so that people can return to their normal lives as quickly as possible.""People are returning, but cautiously. We are working based on the idea that their return will be permanent. They may leave temporarily, but they will return later."

Hezbollah official says Lebanon-Israel talks 'do not concern us'
Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Senior Hezbollah official Mahmoud Qamati said that his group was not concerned by Lebanon's planned direct talks with Israel, labelling them a failure. In a press conference in Beirut's southern suburbs, Qmati said his group was "not concerned with the negotiations being conducted by the state," saying they were "a failure, weak, defeated... and submissive negotiations.""The resistance is the one that imposes. We are the land... and we are the ones who draw up the decisions, not those who have an official status," he said, adding that while his group did not mind Beirut "coordinating with us... not in this way that leads to surrender."

Hezbollah denies involvement in deadly attack on UN peacekeepers
Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Hezbollah on Saturday denied it was involved in a deadly attack on United Nations peacekeepers (UNIFIL) in southern Lebanon, after France accused the group of being behind the incident. "Hezbollah denies any connection to the incident that occurred with UNIFIL forces in the Ghandouriyeh-Bint Jbeil area, and calls for caution in making judgments and assigning responsibilities regarding the incident pending the Lebanese army's investigations to determine the full circumstances of the incident," the group said in a statement. One peacekeeper was killed and three others wounded from the French battalion, with Paris blaming Hezbollah.

Aoun, Salam discuss readiness for Israel talks
Agence France Presse/April 19/2026
Lebanon's president and prime minister have discussed preparations for the first direct negotiations with Israel in decades. In a statement, the office of President Joseph Aoun said he and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam conducted "an assessment of the post-ceasefire phase and the ongoing efforts to consolidate it," and discussed "Lebanese readiness for the anticipated negotiations" with Israel. Their meeting came a day after a strongly-worded speech to the nation from Aoun stating that the country was entering a new phase to work on "permanent agreements" with Israel and insisting that direct talks were not a "concession" -- an apparent rebuttal of Hezbollah criticism. The 10-day ceasefire seeking to end more than six weeks of war between Hezbollah and Israel has been in place since midnight on Thursday (2100 GMT) after being announced by U.S. President Donald Trump. More than 2,300 people were killed in Israeli attacks in Lebanon and more than a were million displaced. Iran-backed Hezbollah and its supporters strongly oppose the negotiations, and have rejected several government decisions over the past year, including Beirut's commitment to disarming the group in 2025. Addressing Aoun at a press conference in Beirut's southern suburbs, senior Hezbollah official Mahmoud Qmati said the president "does not respect" Lebanon. "Defeated, you go to the Israelis and Americans, let's see what you will get out of it." During his meeting with Aoun, Salam expressed hope that "the displaced will be able to return safely to their homes as soon as possible after the ceasefire holds."He stressed that the government was working to "facilitate this return, especially by repairing the destroyed bridges, opening roads, and providing supplies in the areas where the return will be safe and possible."

A Comparative Analysis: President Aoun, President Sadat, and the Path to Peace
Colonel Charbel Barakat/April 19/2026
This analysis examines the current position of President Aoun of Lebanon in light of comparisons to the late Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's historic peace initiative. While some draw parallels between their bold approaches to conflict resolution, it's crucial to assess the nuances of their respective situations and the broader political contexts.
President Sadat's decision to pursue peace in exchange for land was a watershed moment. A key figure in the Free Officers Movement alongside President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sadat inherited a nation grappling with the repercussions of expansionist policies. Nasser's interventions, including the 1958 involvement in Lebanon and the costly Yemen campaign, culminated in the devastating 1967 war, which saw Egypt lose the Sinai Peninsula and suffer severe military setbacks. Recognizing the imperative to prioritize Egypt's national interests, Sadat strategically refocused on domestic rebuilding, revitalizing the armed forces to negotiate from a position of strength. The successful crossing of the Suez Canal in 1973 significantly enhanced Egypt's international standing, paving the way for Sadat's historic visit to Israel in 1977. This courageous diplomatic endeavor garnered immense global support and ultimately led to the return of the entire Sinai in exchange for a peace agreement.
In contrast, President Aoun's tenure has unfolded amidst a complex internal and regional landscape. While acknowledged for his prior service as a valiant officer and army commander during a challenging period, his presidency has been marked by a perceived lack of decisive leadership concerning the influence of an Iranian-backed party within Lebanon. This party, having sustained significant losses during recent conflicts, might have presented an opportunity for the Lebanese state to reassert its authority, disarm militias, and foster stability by normalizing relations with neighboring Israel.
However, from the outset of his presidency, General Aoun's actions have been described as hesitant. This hesitation, the text suggests, allowed the Iranian-backed group to reconstitute itself, receive funding, and integrate Revolutionary Guard officers into its command structure. This effectively left the Lebanese state as a facade, with its institutions undermined. The subsequent escalation of conflict in the South, despite army deployment, highlights the deep-seated challenges to state sovereignty, as rockets were launched from supposedly secured areas, leading to civilian displacement and a continued state of upheaval.
In the wake of these setbacks, President Aoun faces significant pressure to negotiate. Despite apparent international endorsement and a lack of objection from Israel regarding potential peace talks, he appears to be apprehensive about fully committing to this path. While he has publicly acknowledged Lebanon's intention to negotiate on its own behalf—a significant departure from previous stances—he has not explicitly articulated a vision for peace, unlike President Sadat.
The text further notes internal resistance to President Aoun's potential shift towards peace. The Iranian-backed party, despite its own vulnerabilities and calls for a ceasefire, has reportedly threatened President Aoun, drawing parallels to Sadat's assassination. Additionally, Speaker
Berri is depicted as actively undermining President Aoun's position, attempting to fracture Lebanese unity and align with Iranian interests, thereby exposing a long-standing pattern of destabilizing influence on Lebanese institutions.
Ultimately, the analysis concludes that President Aoun is unlikely to embark on a transformative peace initiative akin to Sadat's. Instead, he is predicted to seek ambiguous diplomatic avenues, potentially driven by hesitation and fear, which are attributed to Iranian influence. The text posits that despite favorable conditions for extricating Lebanon from its prolonged crises, including those stemming from the Cairo Agreement and successive periods of occupation, a lack of clear vision and courage prevents a decisive move towards peace.
If President Aoun were to genuinely emulate Sadat, he would pursue direct negotiations with Israeli leadership, regardless of location, to chart a course toward peace for Lebanon. This could involve adhering to agreements like the May 17, 1983 accord, opening borders, and establishing defense cooperation, potentially through a joint treaty with the United States, similar to Qatar's arrangements. Such actions, the text argues, would secure Lebanon's future, foster development, and put an end to both regional and distant external interventions. However, the current Lebanese presidency is seen as lacking the necessary courage and foresight for such a historic undertaking.

Links to several important news websites
National News Agency (Lebanon)
https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/ar
Nidaa Al Watan
https://www.nidaalwatan.com/
MTV Lebanon
https://www.mtv.com.lb/
Voice of Lebanon
https://www.vdl.me/
Asas Media
https://asasmedia.com/

Naharnet
https://www.naharnet.com/

Al Markazia News Agency
https://almarkazia.com/ar
LBCI (English)
https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/en
LBCI (Arabic)
https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/ar
Janoubia Website
https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/ar
Kataeb Party Official Website
https://www.kataeb.org

The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on April 19-20/2026
Trump Says US Negotiators Will Head to Pakistan on Monday for Talks with Iran
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
President Donald Trump said US negotiators will head to Pakistan on Monday for another round of talks with Iran, raising hopes of extending a fragile ceasefire set to expire by Wednesday even as Washington and Tehran remain in a standoff over the Strait of Hormuz. Iran did not immediately confirm the talks but its chief negotiator, parliament speaker Mohammed Bagher Qalibaf, said in an interview aired on state television late Saturday that “there will be no retreat in the field of diplomacy,” while acknowledging a wide gap remained between the sides. The White House said Vice President JD Vance, who led the first round of historic face-to-face talks last weekend, would lead the delegation to Pakistan with envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner. Pakistani authorities began tightening security in Islamabad. A regional official involved in the efforts said mediators were finalizing preparations and US advance security teams were already on the ground. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to discuss preparations with the media.Iran on Saturday said it had received new proposals from the United States. It was unclear whether either side had shifted stances on issues that derailed the last round of negotiations, including Iran’s nuclear enrichment program, its regional proxies and control over the Strait of Hormuz. Trump's announcement repeated his threats against Iranian infrastructure that have drawn widespread criticism and warnings of war crimes. If Iran doesn't agree to the US-proposed deal, "the United States is going to knock out every single Power Plant, and every single Bridge, in Iran,” he wrote. Iran says transits of the Strait of Hormuz are ‘impossible’
Ships remained unable to transit the critical waterway amid threats from Iran and a US blockade on ships heading to and from Iranian ports. Roughly one-fifth of the world’s oil trade normally passes through the strait, and the global energy crisis threatened to deepen as the war is now in its eighth week.
Iranian officials earlier on Sunday held firm that ships wouldn't pass while the US blockade remained in effect. “It is impossible for others to pass through the Strait of Hormuz while we cannot,” Qalibaf said. In his post about talks, Trump accused Iran of violating the ceasefire by firing at ships transiting the strait. Iran has called the US blockade a violation, and foreign ministry spokesperson Esmaeil Baqaei on Sunday called it an “act of aggression.”Iran had announced the strait’s reopening after a 10-day truce between Israel and the Iranian-backed Hezbollah group in Lebanon took hold on Friday. But Iran said it would continue enforcing its restrictions there after Trump said the US blockade “will remain in full force” until Tehran reaches a deal with the United States. After a brief uptick in transit attempts on Saturday, Iran fired on two India-flagged merchant ships that were forced to turn around, leading India to summon Iran's ambassador over the “serious incident.” India noted that Iran earlier let several India-bound ships through. For Tehran, the strait’s closure — imposed after the US and Israel launched the Iran war on Feb. 28 during talks over Tehran’s nuclear program — is perhaps its most powerful weapon, inflicting political pain on Trump. For the United States, the blockade squeezes Iran’s already weakened economy by denying it long-term cash flow. The war has killed at least 3,000 people in Iran, more than 2,290 in Lebanon, 23 in Israel and more than a dozen in Gulf Arab states. Fifteen Israeli soldiers in Lebanon and 13 US service members throughout the region have been killed. Since most supplies to US military bases in the Gulf region come through the strait, “Iran is determined to maintain oversight and control over traffic through the strait until the war fully ends,” Iran’s Supreme National Security Council said late Saturday. That means Iran-designated routes, payment of fees and issuance of transit certificates. The council has recently acted as Iran’s de facto top decision-making body.
Pakistan presses on diplomacy
Pakistani Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, who spoke by phone with Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi on Sunday, has said his country was working to “bridge” differences between the US and Iran. Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Saeed Khatibzadeh on Saturday told The Associated Press that the US is “risking the whole ceasefire package" with its blockade. Khatibzadeh said Iran won't hand over its stock of 970 pounds (440 kilograms) of enriched uranium to the United States, calling the idea “a nonstarter.” The deputy minister didn't address other proposals for the enriched uranium, saying only that “we are ready to address any concerns.”

Trump says US going to talks, renews threat against Iran's power plants, bridges
Agence France Presset/April 19/2026
U.S. President Donald Trump said U.S. negotiators will be in Pakistan Monday to resume talks on ending the war with Iran, as he again threatened to destroy its power plants and bridges if no deal is reached. In a social media post Sunday, Trump also accused Iran of violating the countries' two-week ceasefire with attacks Saturday in the Strait of Hormuz. Trump said he was offering Iran "a reasonable deal" and if Tehran says no "the United States is going to knock out every single Power Plant, and every single Bridge, in Iran. NO MORE MR. NICE GUY!"

Argentina’s Milei Says US-Israel War Against Iran ‘Right Thing to Do’
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Argentine President Javier Milei declared Sunday that the joint US-Israel war against Iran was the "right thing to do", as he signed on to the so-called Isaac Accords aimed at deepening bilateral ties between Israel and Latin American countries. Making his third visit to Israel as president, Milei reaffirmed Argentina's support for the campaign against Iran, citing his government's earlier decision to designate Iran's Revolutionary Guards a "terrorist organization"."We expressed our firm support for the United States and Israel in their war against terrorism and against the Iranian regime, not only because it is the right thing to do, but because our countries are brothers in suffering," Milei said in a joint statement with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. "Argentina was the victim of cowardly terrorist attacks on the AMIA and on the Embassy of Israel, both instigated by Iran," he added. Argentina has accused Iran of not cooperating with a probe into a 1994 bombing in Buenos Aires that killed 85 people and injured more than 300 at a Jewish community center. Prior to that, in 1992, an explosion at the Israeli embassy killed 29 and wounded 200. Argentine courts have blamed both attacks on Iran, which has always denied involvement and refused to hand over suspects. "To this day, we still demand justice," said the libertarian leader, an outspoken supporter of both Netanyahu and US President Donald Trump. "We reiterate our willingness to move the Argentine embassy to Jerusalem as soon as conditions allow. We consider it necessary, but above all, just," he added. The US-backed Isaac Accords are an initiative designed to boost Israel's ties with Latin America, mirroring the Abraham Accords under which some Arab countries normalized relations with Israel during Trump's first term.Israel and Argentina also inked a deal to launch direct flights between Buenos Aires and Tel Aviv from November -- a move Milei said would cement "an unbreakable bond" between the two countries. Netanyahu hailed Milei for showing "moral clarity" in standing with Israel. "President Milei... has shown that by standing up with the Jewish people, standing up against anti-Semitic vilifications, standing up in our hour of need, standing up when we fight the battle of civilization against barbarism," Netanyahu said. Argentina is home to the largest Jewish community in Latin America, numbering nearly 300,000 people living mostly in Buenos Aires. Earlier on Sunday, Milei visited the Western Wall in Jerusalem's Old City, considered the holiest site where Jews are allowed to pray. He had also visited the site in February 2024 and June 2025.

Iran Says Final Deal Still Far off as Hormuz Strait Shuttered
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
The strategic Strait of Hormuz was again closed on Sunday in the stand-off between Iran and the United States, with Iran's powerful parliament speaker signalling a final peace deal remained "far" off despite some movement in negotiations. As mediation efforts continued following high-level talks in Pakistan that failed to reach a deal, Iran said it will not allow the crucial maritime trade chokepoint to re-open until the United States ends a blockade of Iranian ports. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, speaker of the Iranian parliament, said in a televised address on Saturday night that there had been "progress" with Washington "but there are many gaps and some fundamental points remain". "We are still far from the final discussion," said Ghalibaf, one of Tehran's negotiators in the talks aimed at ending the war launched by Israel and the United States against Iran. A two-week ceasefire is set to end on Wednesday unless it is renewed. US President Donald Trump said "very good conversations" were going on with Iran but warned Tehran against trying to "blackmail" the United States. On Friday, Tehran had declared the Strait of Hormuz, through which a fifth of the world's oil and liquefied natural gas usually transits, open after a temporary ceasefire was agreed to halt Israel's war with Iran's ally Hezbollah in Lebanon. That prompted elation in global markets and sent oil prices plunging, but Tehran reversed course after Trump insisted the US blockade of Iranian ports would continue until a final deal was struck. "If America does not lift the blockade, traffic in the Strait of Hormuz will definitely be limited," Ghalibaf said. Iran's supreme leader Mojtaba Khamenei, who has yet to be seen since taking power after his father was killed in the war's opening strikes, said in a written message that Iran's navy "stands ready" to defeat the United States. Trump accused Iran of getting "a little cute" with its recent moves and warned Tehran not to try to "blackmail" Washington by flip-flopping on the strait. "We have very good conversations going on," the president told reporters at the White House, adding that the United States was "taking a tough stand".
'Targeted' -
Iran's Revolutionary Guards warned that any attempt to pass through the strait without permission "will be considered cooperation with the enemy, and the offending vessel will be targeted". A handful of oil and gas tankers crossed the strait early on Saturday during the brief reopening, tracking data showed, but others retreated and hardly any vessels were crossing the waterway by the late afternoon.  A UK maritime security agency said the Revolutionary Guards fired at one tanker, while security intelligence firm Vanguard Tech reported the force had threatened to "destroy" an empty cruise ship that was fleeing the Gulf.
In a third incident, the UK agency said it received a report of a vessel "being hit by an unknown projectile, which caused damage" to shipping containers but no fire. The Indian foreign ministry said it had summoned the Iranian ambassador to lodge a protest over a "shooting incident" involving two Indian-flagged ships in the strait.
- French UN peacekeeper killed -
On the diplomatic front, Egypt, which has been involved in mediation efforts with Pakistan, appeared optimistic on Saturday with Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty saying Cairo and Islamabad hoped to secure a final agreement "in the coming days". A major sticking point has been Iran's stockpile of near-weapons-grade enriched uranium. Trump said Friday that Iran had agreed to hand over its roughly 440 kilograms of enriched uranium. "We're going to get it by going in with Iran, with lots of excavators," he said. Iran's foreign ministry has said the stockpile, thought to be buried deep under rubble from US bombing in last June's 12-day war, was "not going to be transferred anywhere" and surrendering it "to the US has never been raised in negotiations". The Middle East war began on February 28 with a massive wave of US-Israeli attacks on Iran, despite Washington and Tehran being engaged in negotiations at the time. The conflict rapidly spread across the region, with Iran targeting neighboring Gulf countries that are home to US military bases, and Iran-backed Hezbollah dragging Lebanon into the war by launching rockets at Israel. A French soldier was killed and three others wounded in an ambush on Saturday on UN peacekeepers in Lebanon that France's president blamed on Hezbollah, an accusation the group denied. Israel's military reported that two of its soldiers had also been killed in combat in southern Lebanon since the start of a 10-day truce on Friday between Israel and Leban

Iranians Expect No Post-War Respite Under Military Rule
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Iranians striving to maintain a semblance of normal life after weeks of US and Israeli bombing and a deadly crackdown on protesters in January remain daunted by the future as damage from airstrikes and internet cuts take a toll. With Iran and the US wrangling over a truce extension and an agreement to end the conflict, shops, restaurants and government offices have stayed open. On sunny spring mornings, city parks are busy with family picnics and young people playing sports while others gather at streetside cafes. But behind such peaceful scenes, Iran's economy is in tatters and people are fearful of a new government clampdown and angry about the destructive airstrikes. The difficulties that spurred mass unrest in January look likely to worsen. Talks in Islamabad this month - the first direct negotiations between the United States and Iran in years - ended without an agreement. But with the current fragile ceasefire due to end on Wednesday, US President Donald Trump said on Sunday that his envoys would head to Pakistan and were prepared to hold more talks.
FEAR OF INCREASED PRESSURE AS THEOCRACY ENDURES
"The war will end, but that’s when our real problems with the system begin. I’m very afraid that if the regime reaches an agreement with the United States, it will increase pressure on ordinary people," a 37-year-old named Fariba, who took part in the January unrest, told Reuters by phone from ‌Iran.
"People have not ‌forgotten the regime’s crimes in January, and the system has not forgotten that people do not want it. They are holding ‌back now ⁠because they don’t ⁠want to fight on a domestic front as well," she said. The bombing has killed thousands, according to official death tolls, including many at a school on the first day of the conflict. It has also destroyed infrastructure across the country, raising the prospect of mass job layoffs. Iran's revolutionary theocracy looks as entrenched as ever after surviving weeks of intense bombardment and asserting control over global oil supplies."Iranians understood that this war is not going to topple the regime, but at the same time, it's going to make their lives much worse economically," said Omid Memarian, Iran analyst at independent US-based think tank Dawn. "The military is not going to put down their guns. They are going to stay and it's going to be bloody. It's going to be costly, with no prospect for a better future," he added. In well-heeled north Tehran this week, Reuters interviewed young Iranians on camera about the war and their concerns. Foreign media in Iran operate under guidelines set ⁠by the Culture and Islamic Guidance Ministry, which regulates press activity and permissions. Mehtab, who works at a private company and asked ‌not to use her family name, said things could be worse for Iranians given the impact of war and years ‌of sanctions and isolation. "I do not want to say that it is normal, but as an Iranian with such a history, it is not very bad. We can live with it," she ‌said. That view was not shared by Iranians Reuters reached by phone. They voiced far greater anxiety while speaking anonymously for fear of reprisals. "Yes, people are enjoying the ceasefire ‌for now — but what comes next? What are we supposed to do with a regime that has become even more powerful?” said Sara, 27, a private teacher who declined to give her family name or location.
IRANIANS LEFT WITH FEW OPTIONS
Thousands were killed when the authorities crushed weeks of protests in January, prompting Trump to say he would come to the aid of Iranians. Iran's permanent mission to the UN in Geneva did not immediately respond to requests for comment for this story. It has previously blamed the violence in January on "armed terrorists" linked to Israel and the United States. While Trump and Israeli ‌Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu both said early in the war that they hoped it would topple the ruling clerics, that goal faded as the bombing continued. Anger over the crackdown meant that many Iranians wanted new rulers, but soon soured on the ⁠war, Memarian said. "I think it became more ⁠clear for many Iranians that this war is not designed, or is not aimed, at helping the Iranian people," he said. Neither Mehtab nor other women sitting at a cafe in north Tehran were wearing the hijab, a head covering that was mandatory for decades in Iran. Looser public dress codes are the result of mass protests in 2022, including over women's rights, which the authorities violently suppressed while tacitly backing off from enforcement of some dress rules. Independent UK-based Iranian political analyst Hossein Rassam said it became clear in January that authorities would not back down again easily, and later that they would not crumble under military attack. The war had left Iranians even more polarized than before, but with few options. "This is a moment of reckoning for Iranians because, at the end of the day, Iranians, especially Iranians inside the country, realize that they need to live together. There is nowhere to go," he said.
'FIRE UNDER THE ASHES'
Many fear repression could now worsen. "On the streets, women are going around without the hijab, but it’s unclear whether these kind of freedoms will continue after a deal with the United States. Pressure will 100% increase, because once there is peace with Washington, the regime will no longer face the same external pressure," Arjang, a 43-year-old father of two, told Reuters by phone from north Tehran. The January protests brought no tangible change to people's lives, while leading the authorities to severely restrict internet use - a blow to both businesses and ordinary people desperate for information during war. “Even the smallest things, like connecting with our family members who live outside the country, are impossible,” said Faezeh, 47, as she played volleyball with friends in a north Tehran park. Popular frustration may start to mount after the war ends and people are less afraid of being labelled as traitors, said Memarian. "There is a lot of fire under the ashes," he said.

As Iran War Strains Ties with Trump’s US, UK Looks to Europe

Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Britain's government is set to announce legislation next month to move the country closer to the European Union, as the Iran war sours the UK's so-called special relationship with the United States.President Donald Trump's unpredictability and stream of insults towards America's historic ally is adding impetus to Prime Minister Keir Starmer's bid to deepen ties with the 27-nation bloc, a decade after Britons narrowly voted to leave the EU."We have a government that is already eager to move closer towards the EU, and the events in Iran provide an opportunity to speed up that process," Evie Aspinall, director of the British Foreign Policy Group think-tank, told AFP. Starmer's administration is preparing an EU "reset" bill that will give ministers powers to align UK standards with EU single market rules as they evolve -- something called "dynamic alignment".King Charles III will announce the legislation on May 13 when he reads out Starmer's legislative plans for the coming months, a government official told AFP on condition of anonymity. Starmer has repeatedly called for a deeper economic and security relationship with Europe since his Labour party won the 2024 general election, ousting the Conservatives, who had implemented the 2016 Brexit referendum. He has upped those calls in recent days, telling Dutch leader Rob Jetten on Tuesday that "he believed the partnership between the UK and the bloc needed to be fit for the challenges we were facing today".The EU is Britain's biggest trading partner, while the International Monetary Fund warned this week that the UK will be the advanced economy hardest hit by the Iran conflict."Certainly Iran has made it (the reset) more prescient," said the UK official. "We need to build economic resilience across the continent," they added. Starmer refused to involve Britain in the US and Israel's initial strikes on February 28, angering Trump, although he has since allowed American forces to use UK bases for a "limited defensive purpose".Under pressure at home for his disastrous decision to appoint former Jeffrey Epstein associate Peter Mandelson as ambassador to Washington, Starmer has received plaudits for standing up to Trump in the face of repeated taunts from the US president. Days ago, Trump threatened in a phone interview with Sky News to scrap a US-UK trade deal that limited the impact on Britain of his tariffs blitz. "There's no doubt that there is now momentum in the UK-EU relationship partly as a result of Trump's unreliable behavior," David Henig, an expert on UK's post-Brexit trade policy, told AFP."Independent UK trade policy looks much harder, the prospects of working with the EU much brighter."
Brexit regret -
Starmer's administration hopes to table the EU legislation in the next few months, meaning it could come around the time of the 10th anniversary of the Brexit referendum, held in June 2016. MPs will get to approve whether to provide the government with a mechanism to adopt EU rules -- sometimes without a full parliamentary vote -- in areas where it has already signed deals with the bloc.They include a trade agreement designed to ease red tape on food and plant exports and plans for an electricity deal that would integrate the UK into the EU's internal electricity market. Britain and the EU are also aiming to finalize negotiations on a youth mobility scheme in time for a joint summit in Brussels expected in late June or early July.
Starmer has ruled out rejoining the single market or returning to free movement.
The Liberal Democrats, Britain's traditional third party, wants him to cross one of his other red lines by negotiating a customs union with the EU. "We need to be doubling down on relations with reliable partners who share our interests and values," the Liberal Democrats foreign affairs spokesman Calum Miller told AFP.But Brexit remains a toxic issue and the hard-right Reform UK party, leading opinion polls and headed by Euroskeptic firebrand Nigel Farage, have branded the legislation "a betrayal" of the referendum's narrow result. Surveys regularly now show, however, that most Britons regret the vote to leave the EU, something Starmer hopes to capitalize on.Rising cost-of-living pressures on family households, which UK finance minister Rachel Reeves has blamed on Trump for starting the war "without a clear exit plan", could also influence minds. "When the relationship with the United States is fracturing, it means there's reduced opposition to a closer relationship with the EU among the public," said Aspinall.

Türkiye ‘Optimistic’ Middle East Ceasefire Will Be Extended, Says FM

Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Türkiye said it remained "optimistic" that a two-week ceasefire between Iran and the United States set to expire on Wednesday would be extended.
"No one wants to see a new war break out when the ceasefire expires next week. We hope ... the parties will extend the ceasefire," Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan said on Sunday at the Antalya Diplomacy Forum. "I hope there'll be an extension. I am optimistic," he said.

Two Foreigners Arrested in Iran for Importing Starlink Technology
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Four individuals, including two foreign nationals, were arrested in Iran's northwest, semi-official Tasnim news agency reported on ‌Sunday, ‌for being part ‌of ⁠a "US-Israel-linked espionage network."The ⁠foreigners, whose nationality was not disclosed, are accused of importing ⁠satellite internet ‌equipment such ‌as Starlink, which ‌is a ‌criminal offence in the country, which has faced ‌seven weeks of an internet blackout. Hundreds ⁠of ⁠Iranians have been arrested for "cooperating with enemy states" since the start of the US-Israeli war with Iran.

Israel Re-Establishes Evacuated West Bank Settlement
Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Israeli ministers on Sunday officially reopened Sa-Nur, a settlement in the occupied West Bank that was evacuated 20 years ago, marking the occasion with defiant declarations against Palestinian statehood and calls to resettle Gaza. Several cabinet members and lawmakers attended the ceremony near a cluster of white prefabricated homes arranged in rows on a hilltop.Excluding east Jerusalem, more than 500,000 Israelis now live in the West Bank in settlements that are illegal under international law, among some three million Palestinians. "On this exciting day, we celebrate a historic correction to the criminal expulsion from Northern Samaria," Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich said, using the Israeli biblical term for part of the West Bank. Sa-Nur's settlers were evicted in 2005 as part of Israel's so-called disengagement policy that also saw the country withdraw troops and settlers from the Gaza Strip. The policy promoted by then-prime minister Ariel Sharon was framed as a security measure intended to reduce Israel's civilian and military footprint in densely populated Palestinian areas. Israel's current government, considered one of the most right-wing in the country's history, approved the reconstruction of all four northern West Bank settlements evacuated in 2005. Authorities have approved 126 housing units in Sa-Nur alone. "We are cancelling the shame of the disengagement, burying the idea of a Palestinian state and returning to the settlement of Sa-Nur," Smotrich said. Smotrich, a far-right minister in the ruling coalition and a settler himself, also called for the resettlement of the Gaza Strip as a "security belt" for the State of Israel. Israeli media reported that 16 families had moved into the re-established settlement in recent days, adding that the new residents included Yossi Dagan, head of the northern West Bank Settlements Council.
Dagan was among those evacuated from Sa-Nur in 2005."For me, this is both a national and a personal closing of a circle," Dagan said after cutting the ribbon at the ceremony. "No more uprootings, no more retreats. We have returned to stay."Israel has occupied the West Bank since 1967 and since then settlement expansion has been a policy under successive Israeli governments. But it has accelerated significantly under the current coalition government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. More than 100 settlements have been approved since the government came to power in 2022, according to activists and authorities.

Barghouti Remains Central Figure in Palestinian Politics After 24 Years in Prison

Ramallah: Kifah Zboun/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Twenty-four years after the arrest of Palestinian leader Marwan Barghouti, now 67, and after long stretches in solitary confinement, he remains a central figure in Palestinian politics. His influence has outpaced that of other officials in decision-making roles, and he has topped Fatah elections in previous years, as the movement prepares for its eighth conference next month, a key test of what has changed over time. Palestinians, the presidency, Fatah, and Barghouti’s family marked the 24th anniversary of his arrest late last week. President Mahmoud Abbas pledged to continue efforts to secure his release. Fatah said Barghouti, known as Abu al-Qassam, had become a living symbol for Palestinians through his sacrifices, struggle, courage, and patience. The anniversary came as a lawyer who visited Barghouti on April 12 said he had been assaulted three times in recent weeks, on March 24 and 25 and April 8, leaving him bleeding in several parts of his body without proper medical treatment. Israeli lawyer Ben Marmarelli said Barghouti was severely beaten and left bleeding for more than two hours on one occasion. Israel’s prison service said it was “not aware” of such incidents. Barghouti is believed to have been held in solitary confinement for two and a half years. Last year, Israel’s National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir posted a video showing him confronting Barghouti in his cell, speaking in a condescending and threatening tone in what appeared to be an attempt to break him. The move backfired, drawing renewed attention to Barghouti to the point that US President Donald Trump said he was considering whether to release him. Trump said last October he might ask Israel to release Barghouti, adding he had discussed the option with aides at the White House.
Trump’s intervention has further elevated Barghouti’s standing, with many viewing him as a potential “savior”.
Presidential contender
Informed Palestinian sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Barghouti will almost certainly run in the next presidential election. “He will most likely be Fatah’s candidate, but even if that does not happen, he will run because he is Marwan,” the sources said. Elections canceled at the last minute five years ago pointed to his chances. Barghouti formed a list with former Central Committee member Nasser al-Qudwa to challenge Fatah’s official slate. The list was headed by al-Qudwa and lawyer Fadwa Barghouti, Barghouti’s wife, and included prominent figures from the movement. Barghouti’s name was not listed as he planned to run for president.His stance underscored a rift dating back to 2005, when he briefly ran against Abbas before withdrawing, a divide that appears unresolved despite expectations of a reconciliation. There is little sign his position has shifted, even as the broader landscape has. Since the Oct. 7, 2023, war, Israel has increased pressure on the Palestinian Authority, reshaped conditions in the West Bank, and imposed harsher measures on prisoners, including Barghouti. Israel has also rejected Trump’s remarks about his possible release. Meanwhile, Abbas has moved to reshape the Palestinian Authority and Fatah, appointing senior Central Committee member Hussein al-Sheikh as vice president, launching reconciliation efforts, and allowing the return of previously dismissed members, including al-Qudwa, who has rejoined the Central Committee. Abbas met Barghouti’s wife late last year and said he would continue working to secure his release. The meeting sent a clear signal aimed at dispelling doubts over Barghouti, who enjoys strong support within Fatah. His backers present him as a unifying figure capable of bringing Palestinians together and as a potential successor to Abbas, an idea that has not previously gained traction within decision-making circles in Ramallah. One shift since the war is that Hamas is expected to back him more strongly in any election. The group sought his release in prisoner exchange talks with Israel, placing him among five top-priority detainees, but Israel firmly refused.
Arafat loyalist
Barghouti, arrested in 2002, is serving five life sentences plus 40 years after being convicted of leading the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Fatah’s armed wing, which carried out attacks that killed Israelis during the second Palestinian uprising that began in 2000. Before his arrest, he was close to Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and is widely regarded within Fatah as an Arafat loyalist. This strengthens his standing among the movement’s base, though it may count against him with Israel and opponents of Arafat. Abbas’s reconciliation push ahead of the eighth conference, scheduled for May 14, comes at a sensitive moment as he works to reorganize the Palestinian Authority and ensure a smooth leadership transition. The conference will elect a new Central Committee, the movement’s top decision-making body, which will shape both Fatah and the broader Palestinian political landscape. Selecting a new committee, alongside a new Palestinian National Council, will signal the scale of change and reveal the influence of key figures. At Fatah’s seventh conference, Barghouti secured the highest number of votes, 930 out of about 1,100, underscoring his strong backing within the movement. The upcoming conference will show whether he has maintained that standing or lost ground amid sweeping changes within the Palestinian Authority, Fatah, and Palestinian society. His supporters had hoped he would be named vice president in recent years, but both roles went to others, with the leadership arguing the move was impractical given his imprisonment.
A source close to Barghouti said, “All Palestinians, not just Fatah members, see him as the one who can unite them, as do many countries in the region and beyond. Israel does not want that for well-known reasons.”“His standing has not diminished over time; it has grown stronger. His presence will remain dominant. He will gain his freedom and unite the Palestinians,” he added.

Moroccans Protest Israel Death Penalty Law at Pro-Palestinian Rally

Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
Thousands of Moroccans gathered in Rabat on Sunday to voice their support for the Palestinian cause and protest a new Israeli law that would allow the execution of Palestinians convicted of deadly attacks. The crowd of around 5,000 people marched down the capital's Mohammed V Avenue in the center of town, with many carrying Palestinian and Moroccan flags, AFP journalists reported. The protest was called by the National Action Group for Palestine, which brings together figures from the Justice and Development party and left-wing activists. Marchers chanted "no to the death penalty" and "no to occupation and Zionism", as well as slogans criticizing Israel's conduct of the war in Gaza. "We're sending our support to Palestinian prisoners who are threatened by this new law on the death penalty," said Aziz El Hannaoui, a member of the organizing coalition. The Israeli law makes the death penalty the default punishment for Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank found guilty of intentionally carrying out deadly attacks deemed "acts of terrorism" by an Israeli military court. It also allows the death penalty to be applied in murder cases tried in Israeli criminal courts if the perpetrator intended to "put an end to the existence of the State of Israel". Critics have said that by effectively creating a separate legal track for Palestinians, the law appears to conflict with Israel's Basic Laws, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination. After its passage, the law was condemned by the Palestinian Authority, activists and several foreign governments, and immediately drew a court challenge. While the death penalty exists for a small number of crimes in Israel, it has become a de facto abolitionist country -- the Nazi Holocaust perpetrator Adolf Eichmann was the last person to be executed in 1962.

Links to several important news websites
Asharq Al-Awsat Newspaper
https://aawsat.com/
National News Agency
https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/ar
Al Arabiya/Arabic
https://www.alarabiya.net/
Sky News
https://www.youtube.com/@SkyNewsArabia

Nidaa Al Watan
https://www.nidaalwatan.com/
Al Markazia
https://www.nidaalwatan.com/
Al Hadath  
https://www.youtube.com/@AlHadath

Independent Arabia
https://www.independentarabia.com/

The Latest LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on April 19-20/2026
Threatening Gulf Ports
Abdulrahman Al-Rashed/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
The fighting has not stopped since negotiations in Islamabad came to a halt. President Donald Trump’s dangerous decision to impose a blockade on Iran’s maritime trade has disrupted the entire landscape as Iran threatens to target Gulf ports. In the battlefield, Israeli forces are advancing in southern Lebanon, and every success they attain there weakens Iran’s negotiating and moral position. Israel has already taken control of roughly a third of Lebanon’s territory, and it is close to seizing three of Hezbollah’s key military strongholds: Bint Jbeil, Khiam, and Taybeh. The Lebanese government has, because of this war, dared to take a historic step by entering direct negotiations with Israel and to defy Hezbollah’s threats.
The Iranians have rushed to request the resumption of negotiations with the United States, suggesting a willingness to offer concessions to end the naval blockade. The blockade is the most dangerous weapon that can be used against Iran. Impeding Iran’s maritime trade could bring down the Iranian regime if it is sustained long enough and enforced strictly. Of course, choking Iran at sea has consequences and could potentially reignite a broader war.
In a calculated move, President Donald Trump announced a blockade of Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and other ports along the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, as well as preventing any ships from entering or leaving Iran through the Strait of Hormuz. This would cost Iran an estimated half a billion dollars per day, in addition to weakening its political position, after Iran had used its ability to threaten the Strait of Hormuz as a bargaining chip against the Arab Gulf states and the global economy.
One potential consequence, the Iranian regime has said, is retaliation through strikes on Gulf ports and a return to mutually assured destruction. Iran has previously shown that it is serious about such threats when it targeted its Arab neighbors, hitting vital civilian infrastructure in six Gulf states, as well as in Iraq and Jordan. Can Gulf states withstand further losses if their ports (lifelines through which oil, gas and petrochemical products are exported to global markets) are targeted?
In war, they have few options. Gulf countries have already done what they could to avert conflict. American forces were compelled to conduct military operations from naval fleets and bases in countries north of Iran, but Iran chose to strike Gulf facilities to impose costs on the global economy; it succeeded: as oil and gas prices doubled, followed by increases in the cost of transport, aviation, and petroleum products, both direct and indirect.
For this reason, Iran will probably repeat the same strategy and target Gulf states again. The calculations of the US revolve around balancing pain on both sides and estimates of how long this blockade would need to continue for Iran to be forced into concessions that allow its maritime trade to resume. The US is also considering the resumption of strikes after a two-week truce after assessments of what remains of Iran’s arsenal and its ability to launch further missiles with precision. At the same time, Iran is deeply wounded after 38 days of war. It has a leadership vacuum and its regional proxies, as seen in Lebanon, have been weakened. The question remains: will it still choose to play this painful game of brinkmanship?
Iran may be able to destroy a significant portion of Gulf maritime and energy infrastructure, but those states would recover. They have the ability to repair the damage and absorb major losses. Iran, however, would be gambling with the survival of its regime in a bet on this new round of confrontation.
The United States has shown its willingness to continue fighting; it could be argued that more strikes that force Iran into surrender are Donald Trump’s best option, as they would allow him to emerge victorious in the eyes of the world. Indeed, the US suffered few losses in the previous round (13 dead, half of them in a plane crash in Iraq). Meanwhile, Israel is also in favor of continuing the war to extract greater concessions from Iran, with public opinion suggesting Israelis are willing to bear further costs if Iran ceases to pose a persistent regional threat. Iran’s new leadership may appear fanatical, but this same leadership has expressed a desire to return to negotiations. It has a strong interest in avoiding destruction that risks the very existence of the regime. A blockade and devastation would be less likely if the American and Iranian delegations return to the negotiating table.

Iran's Regime Is Not Iran: The War the West Refuses to Understand
Pierre Rehov/Gatestone Institute/April 19/2026
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/22452/understanding-iran-regime
One of the most persistent and dangerous misreadings of the confrontation with Iran is the stubborn confusion between a brutal ideological regime and the people it has oppressed for nearly five decades.
In Western capitals, where moral clarity too often yields to political expediency, this confusion produces a strange paralysis: the fear of "hurting the Iranian people" serves as an excuse to tolerate a regime that has hurt them far more cruelly and systematically than any outside power ever has.
In January 2026, the Iranian regime launched one of the deadliest crackdowns in its modern history, with protests met by a "shoot-to-kill" order "by any means necessary," issued by the late Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on January 9. Estimates vary, but internal health data and independent investigations suggest that between 30,000 and 36,500 protesters were killed in just two days, and tens of thousands more wounded or arrested in January alone.
The idea that Iran's beleaguered people will suddenly, somehow, with no weapons whatsoever, magically rise up and take back their country from a regime armed to the teeth and with a rich record of mass-murder is beyond delusional. The result would be equivalent to the Warsaw Ghetto, whose last few hundred inhabitants tried to take on the German army, or the US resistance at the Alamo: heroic but predictably headed to defeat.
Some of the Gulf countries, such as Saudi Arabia, might prefer Iran to remain as any kind of dictatorship rather than a democracy, in order not to give their own citizens fancy ideas about freer forms of government. Such a sham solution, however, would be seen as a monumental betrayal of "Help is on its way" -- and undoubtedly be used to harm Republicans in the upcoming US midterm elections.
The worst result would be for the Trump Administration to throw Iran's desperate citizens from a ruthless clerical frying pan into a ruthless militaristic fire. The brutality would be the same, just secular instead of religious -- a predatory system whose power rests on projecting strength at home while playing the victim abroad. The Iranian people have shown repeatedly that they do not identify with the rulers who claim to speak for them. This is a population held hostage, not a nation united behind its regime.
Western critics who call a military approach – even one that has offered the regime many off-ramps – reckless should answer a simple question: what is the alternative? More rounds of negotiations with a regime that has violated every agreement it ever signed? Passive acceptance while thousands more Iranians are jailed, tortured, or executed? Moral grandstanding without consequences? That is not a policy — it is abdication.
"Iran is a 47-year-old war crime." — US Senator John Fetterman (D-PA).
The real Iran — the one that protests, resists, and yearns for normal life — has been the victim of a war its leaders have waged on it for decades. The real tragedy would be to prolong any part of it.
Until this strategic distinction is understood, debates about Iran will remain trapped in the same sterile cycle of confusion and fear — the very environment in which the West has enabled the regime not only to thrive, but to prevail.
The Iranian people have shown repeatedly that they do not identify with the rulers who claim to speak for them. This is a population held hostage, not a nation united behind its regime.
One of the most persistent and dangerous misreadings of the confrontation with Iran is the stubborn confusion between a brutal ideological regime and the people it has oppressed for nearly five decades.
This is no accident. Tehran has long understood that its best defense is not its missiles or its proxies, but its control of the narrative. In Western capitals, where moral clarity too often yields to political expediency, this confusion produces a strange paralysis: the fear of "hurting the Iranian people" serves as an excuse to tolerate a regime that has hurt them far more cruelly and systematically than any outside power ever has.
Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Republic of Iran has ruled through repression, ideological indoctrination, and outbursts of extreme violence, such as the mass executions of 1988. After a fatwa issued by the Islamic Republic's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, "death commissions" conducted summary trials — often lasting just minutes — before executing political prisoners. Estimates of the death toll vary. International human rights organizations and former regime insiders speak of several thousand (commonly between 2,800 and 5,000), while opposition groups put the figure as high as 30,000. Many of the victims were young activists, students, or supporters of opposition movements, including the Mujahedin-e Khalq. Their bodies were dumped in mass graves, and their families were left without answers.
To this day, the regime denies the full scale of these mass murders, even as some of those directly involved later rose to the highest offices of state. Rather than being "just" an aberration, this slaughter of its own citizens was a blueprint for how the system deals with internal dissent.
The pattern has not only continued, it has intensified. In November 2019, protests triggered by a sudden fuel price hike were met with lethal force under a near-total information blackout. According to a Reuters investigation citing Iranian Interior Ministry sources, security forces killed about 1,500 people in a matter of days. Thousands more were arrested, tortured, or simply disappeared. In 2025, at least 1,639 Iranian citizens were executed. This year, just in the first three months, 657 were executed, and at least 1,600 more are scheduled to be executed.
In September 2022, the death in custody of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini — arrested and evidently tortured by the "morality police" for allegedly violating the rule requiring that a headscarf cover women's hair — sparked another nationwide uprising. Once again, the regime responded with live ammunition. Human rights groups documented more than 500 killed, including dozens of children, and over 20,000 arrests. Again, these are not isolated episodes; they form part of a sustained internal war waged by the regime against large segments of its own population.
In January 2026, the Iranian regime launched one of the deadliest crackdowns in its modern history, with protests met by a "shoot-to-kill" order "by any means necessary," issued by the late Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on January 9. Estimates vary, but internal health data and independent investigations suggest that between 30,000 and 36,500 protesters were killed in just two days, and tens of thousands more wounded or arrested in January alone.
Security forces — including the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Basij — fired live ammunition at unarmed civilians, often targeting the head and torso, while a nationwide internet blackout was imposed to conceal the scale of the killings.
Mass burials, disappearance of bodies, and intimidation of medical staff were reported, confirming a systematic effort not only to crush dissent, but to erase the evidence of mass murder.
Much Western commentary nevertheless still frames any pressure on Iran as a danger primarily to "the Iranian people," as if those people were not already living under daily threat from their own rulers. In what clearly appears to be journalistic malpractice, Iranians who risk their lives chanting "Death to the dictator" in the streets of Tehran, Shiraz or Isfahan are portrayed abroad as passive victims of foreign aggression rather than as active agents of resistance against a system that fears them more than it fears any external enemy.
This brings us to US President Donald J. Trump's much-discussed statement that "Help is on its way." Dismissed by critics as empty rhetoric, the remark was never a promise of instant military spectacle. Geopolitics does not unfold like a television drama. What matters is the underlying strategy: combining economic pressure, targeted military actions against regime assets, and psychologically undermining the regime's aura of invincibility.
The idea that Iran's beleaguered people will suddenly, somehow, with no weapons whatsoever, magically rise up and take back their country from a regime armed to the teeth and with a rich record of mass-murder is beyond delusional. The result would be equivalent to the Warsaw Ghetto, whose last few hundred inhabitants tried to take on the German army, or the US resistance at the Alamo: heroic but predictably headed to defeat.
Some of the Gulf countries, such as Saudi Arabia, might prefer Iran to remain as any kind of dictatorship rather than a democracy, in order not to give their own citizens fancy ideas about freer forms of government. Such a sham solution, however, would be seen as a monumental betrayal of "Help is on its way" -- and undoubtedly be used to harm Republicans in the upcoming US midterm elections.
The worst result would be for the Trump Administration to throw Iran's desperate citizens from a ruthless clerical frying pan into a ruthless militaristic fire. The brutality would be the same, just secular instead of religious -- a predatory system whose power rests on projecting strength at home while playing the victim abroad. Tehran's response follows a familiar playbook — deliberately embedding military assets among civilians (a war crime), then immediately weaponizing any civilian casualties for international outrage. This is a form of propaganda warfare, also used by terrorist groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah, for which the media and international community fall every time. If the West treats the Iranian regime and the Iranian people as one and the same, the tactic succeeds. If these false equivalences are exposed, the narrative collapses.
The Iranian people have shown repeatedly that they do not identify with the rulers who claim to speak for them. This is a population held hostage, not a nation united behind its regime.
No force can deliver sustainable regime change on its own. Real transformation must ultimately come from within – but with generous outside assistance. External pressure can weaken the system economically and create openings, but the Iranians – in practical terms – cannot be expected bravely to commit collective suicide confronting their armed oppressors if the West is too cowardly to help. That moment nearly arrived before, in 2009, 2019, and 2022, only to be crushed by both the regime's brutal efficiency and even more by West's callous dismissal of the protesters and instead, cozying up to Iran. The difference today is that the regime no longer enjoys uncontested domination.
Western critics who call a military approach – even one that has offered the regime many off-ramps – reckless should answer a simple question: what is the alternative? More rounds of negotiations with a regime that has violated every agreement it ever signed? Passive acceptance while thousands more Iranians are jailed, tortured, or executed? Moral grandstanding without consequences? That is not a policy — it is abdication.
The Iranian regime is not just another geopolitical player. It is a predatory system that devours its own people while exporting instability across the region. "Iran is a 47-year-old war crime," stated Senator John Fetterman (D-PA). The Trump Administration needs to "Make Iran Great Again," to liberate it. Opposing the regime is not an attack on Iran; it is finally winning a half-century war that its rulers have imposed on its own people, its neighbors, and the West. Trump is not "hurting" Iran. He is on the verge of freeing it. The greatest misfortune for the Iranian people and the Free World would be if he now decides to stop.The real Iran — the one that protests, resists, and yearns for normal life — has been the victim of a war its leaders have waged on it for decades. The real tragedy would be to prolong any part of it. For too long, the West has looked away while the regime, without restraint, has massacred its own people, attacked and destabilized its neighbors, and killed nearly a thousand Americans, and attempted to assassinate Trump and other US officials.
Until this strategic distinction is understood, debates about Iran will remain trapped in the same sterile cycle of confusion and fear — the very environment in which the West has enabled the regime not only to thrive, but to prevail.
***Pierre Rehov, who holds a law degree from Paris-Assas, is a French reporter, novelist and documentary filmmaker. He is the author of six novels, including "Beyond Red Lines", "The Third Testament" and "Red Eden", translated from French. His latest essay on the aftermath of the October 7 massacre " 7 octobre - La riposte " became a bestseller in France. As a filmmaker, he has produced and directed 17 documentaries, many photographed at high risk in Middle Eastern war zones, and focusing on terrorism, media bias, and the persecution of Christians. His latest documentary, "Pogrom(s)" highlights the context of ancient Jew hatred within Muslim civilization as the main force behind the October 7 massacre.
© 2026 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute. No part of the Gatestone website or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied or modified, without the prior written consent of Gatestone Institute.

The Third Iran
Abdel Rahman Shalgham-Former Libyan Minister of Foreign Affairs/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
US President Donald Trump said the Iranian regime has effectively changed: the first and second tiers of leadership have gone, and a third tier is now running the country, one that differs from its predecessors. Iran is a state ruled by a single man, the Supreme Leader. It is now on its third such figure since the Islamic Revolution. Many individuals have moved through positions of power; some have exited through dismissal, death, or assassination. This happens in all countries, including the United States.
In Iran, the system of governance operates on two levels: vertical and horizontal. At the top sits the Supreme Leader of the Republic, the Velayat-e Faqih, who holds all authority. No one opposes him, and his word is final. The horizontal level consists of multiple institutions: a president elected by the people who manages executive affairs; the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis), which legislates; the Guardian Council; the Expediency Discernment Council; the judiciary; the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; the Basij forces; and the Assembly of Experts, which appoints the Supreme Leader.
All these bodies revolve around a single center: the Supreme Leader, who directs domestic and foreign policy and has the power to annul, amend, or endorse everything issued by the other institutions, including laws passed by parliament. Ayatollah Khomeini took decisions that contradicted laws passed by the Majlis and even the constitution. Since the 1979 revolution, many political and military leaders in Iran have been removed, with some placed under house arrest for long periods.
I first visited Iran as part of a ministerial delegation led by Major Abdul Salam Jalloud one year after the revolution. I visited again later when I was Minister of Information and Culture. We held numerous long and intensive meetings. Jalloud was highly enthusiastic about relations with the Iranian revolution, viewing it as a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause following Egypt’s peace agreement with Israel. He summoned me and Kamel al-Maqhour, the minister, ambassador, lawyer, and prominent intellectual, and asked us to draft a proposed agreement to unify the ideology of the Iranian and Libyan revolutions. We did not agree. Al-Maqhour, speaking as both a political and legal figure, convinced him there was no real ideological basis uniting the two revolutions, and we proposed instead a general framework for cooperation.
Jalloud was more enthusiastic about ties with Iran than Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, who preferred to wait and better understand Iran’s direction, especially amid the Iran–Iraq war. It was agreed to form a joint Libyan-Iranian committee for cooperation between the two countries. I was assigned to head the Libyan side, while Iran appointed Abdul Majid Moadd, Minister of Information and Guidance, to lead its side. He was a young man preparing a doctoral thesis on Nahj al-Balagha, attributed to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib.
He spoke about the awaited Mahdi and the role the Iranian revolution would play in the world. In a highly charged speech, he said the Islamic nation consists of three peoples: Arabs, Turks, and Persians. He added that while Arabs established an empire that ruled vast parts of the world through Islam, and the Turks did the same, the Persians, despite their scientific, creative, and philosophical capacities, had not yet achieved this.
I visited Tehran with Foreign Minister Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, where we held meetings with President Hashemi Rafsanjani, as well as ministers, clerics, and intellectuals. My last visit to Tehran was in 2007 as part of a ministerial delegation led by Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmoudi. I observed severe congestion disrupting daily life, a decline in living standards evident in people’s appearance and vehicles, and pollution blanketing the city.
Iran is a country with a distinct character in every respect. Its political system resembles a Persian carpet, layered with interwoven colors. Shiite Islam, in its various expressions, permeates every aspect of public and private life. History, with all its burdens of sorrow and hope, remains deeply influential. Ideological ambition drives political and religious elites, yet there are also intellectual and political currents that are more pragmatic and moderate. These tend to focus on domestic conditions, especially the economy and services, and call for policies based on understandings and settlements with regional and international actors, as well as expanding the space for freedoms, particularly for youth and women. However, the hardline clerical camp shows no flexibility toward the moderate reformist current. Some reformist figures have been placed under house arrest, including Mir Hossein Mousavi, a former prime minister, and Mehdi Karroubi, a former speaker of parliament, while the role of former president Mohammad Khatami has been marginalized. Iran is a deep, multiethnic nation with a distinctive human and natural geography. History, with all its turns, does not leave hearts and minds. The current war involving Israel, the United States, and Iran is driven by fears and anxieties. Egypt, Iraq, and Persia remain present in Jewish historical memory; the Babylonian exile helped shape Jewish religion and history. No alternative system will emerge from within the clerical establishment. But once the flames of war subside, the scale of destruction inflicted on Iran will serve as a wake-up call for all. The clerics will weave a new carpet, tracing the paths of another Iran in new colors.

The End of Wilayat al-Faqih, from the Hidden Imam to the Absent Leader
Dr. Adel Al-Toraifi/Asharq Al-Awsat/April 19/2026
In June 1989, Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, died after months of illness. In the months leading up to his death, Western media focused on possible scenarios for the future of a republic hostile to the United States, Israel and the West. Much of that coverage was marked by optimism.
After a decade of Khomeini’s hardline rule, and less than nine months after the end of the Iran-Iraq war, hopes rose that peace would drive reform once the system’s founder was gone. Statements by senior officials hinted at easing tensions with neighboring states and even raised the possibility of dialogue with the United States, described as the “Great Satan.” Reports at the time also pointed to the start of indirect contacts between Tehran and Washington.
On the eve of the selection of Ali Khamenei as interim leader, the New York Times reported on June 5 that he was once seen as a hardline cleric when he became president in 1981, but was later viewed as more pragmatic, backing efforts to rebuild ties with the West, reduce Iran’s isolation and attract foreign investment after the war with Iraq. The Washington Post took a more positive tone, describing his selection on the same day as a gain for more moderate and pragmatic elements within the Iranian leadership.
Khamenei’s 37-year rule proved more hardline, more radical and more expansive in its support for Iranian-linked militancy than the 1980s. Although it began with signs of social and economic openness and talks with neighboring countries, driven by the late president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the outcome was greater extremism. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps expanded its influence over economic and social life and broadened its activities abroad to include groups such as Hezbollah, Hamas, al-Qaeda, ISIS, the Houthis and Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces, as well as terrorist organizations around the globe. In recent years, as Khamenei’s health declined and he aged, and after the death of President Ebrahim Raisi in a helicopter crash in 2024 and the killing of General Qassem Soleimani in 2020, the issue of succession has come into focus. Two questions stand out: who will succeed the Supreme Leader, and how, and what kind of system will follow, and whether the doctrine of Wilayat al-Faqih can continue.
Several scenarios have been discussed, but uncertainty has deepened. Khamenei kept the amended 1989 constitution without interpretation or revision, avoiding changes that could reflect the transformations within the republic. He did not appoint a deputy and instead rotated figures through the presidency, parliament, the Revolutionary Guards and the army, creating competition centered on loyalty to his office. Attempts at reform from within, which peaked in the early 1990s and later took shape in the “Second of Khordad Front” in 1999 under President Mohammad Khatami, were eventually crushed through trials, executions and repression targeting journalists and independent intellectuals. Over the decades, Khamenei sidelined potential rivals such as Morteza Motahhari and possible successors such as Hashemi Rafsanjani, while blocking legislation that could regulate the transfer of power or allow delegation in cases of illness or incapacity.
A defining feature of his rule was the marginalization of revolutionary figures and the rise of younger Revolutionary Guard members, whom he had helped shape alongside Mostafa Chamran during early training in Lebanon, funded by Libya. These figures led the Guards on the eve of the 2025 12-day war, and their protégés now lead Iran.
The system also projected a supposed rivalry between reformists and conservatives, which in practice amounted to a rotation of roles within the ruling elite. The so-called reformists, at best, served as theoreticians of extremism, while conservatives were responsible for backing militant groups and carrying out terrorist operations in the region and beyond.
Three main scenarios emerged over succession.
The first involves selecting a moderate senior cleric, potentially opening the door to easing international isolation and advancing economic and social reforms. The second envisions the Revolutionary Guards installing a weak leader, allowing him to run the state while preserving the system's formal structure, without direct accountability to the public.
The third involves amending the constitution to limit Wilayat al-Faqih to religious and moral affairs, allowing the Guards to assume direct political authority through elections and potentially shifting the system from a revolutionary model to a state structure.
Alongside these scenarios, two models have been discussed that could allow the republic to continue without a full overhaul.
The first is a Chinese-style model, in which Revolutionary Guard leaders shift from ideological actors to national leaders focused on economic development and national interests rather than exporting the revolution.
The second is a Pakistani-style model, in which the Guards retain elements of their revolutionary ideology but act as guarantors of stability, overseeing political life while maintaining influence over government and parliament.
However, once US-Israeli strikes began in February, these scenarios shifted under external pressure. Within hours, Khamenei was killed, and within days the Revolutionary Guards announced the appointment of Mojtaba Khamenei, the Supreme Leader’s second son. While Mojtaba was named Supreme Leader, the title “Imam” used for his predecessors was absent, possibly reflecting doubts about his acceptance as a Shiite religious authority.
Khamenei himself could not have become Supreme Leader in 1989 with the rank of "hojatoleslam”. The constitution was amended two months later, and he was elevated to “ayatollah” to assume the position.
The question now is no longer who will succeed Khamenei, but what remains of the Wilayat al-Faqih system after this transition.
This is not only a constitutional issue but a practical one. Since the appointment of the new, largely unseen leader, it is unclear who controls decisions of war and peace in Iran during the current conflict. With Washington announcing talks with Iran’s “new” leaders, it is also unclear who manages the crisis or who can accept a ceasefire.
Formally, the constitutional framework in Iran remains in place. The Supreme Leader is still commander-in-chief, with authority over war, peace, mobilization and key appointments. In practice, power has long been shaped by its concentration within the Supreme Leader’s office and among senior Revolutionary Guard figures.
The appointment of Mojtaba Khamenei marks a sharp shift in religious legitimacy. He does not hold the rank of “ayatollah”, which has become closely tied to the image of the Supreme Leader. Despite his influence within his father’s office, he lacks the religious authority envisioned by the system’s founders. This weakens the religious dimension of the role, even if it remains constitutionally intact. It also undermines a core principle of the Islamic Republic, the rejection of hereditary rule. The system now appears less as a revolutionary project and more as a structure sustained by closed networks of loyalty.
In effect, Iran appears to have moved toward the second scenario, with real power shifting to the Revolutionary Guards, while the position of Supreme Leader becomes largely symbolic. The new leader may hold the family name and loyalty networks, but the Guards control the military and the means of coercion. The doctrine of the Hidden Imam in Twelver Shiism historically elevated the role of clerics, especially senior jurists, to that of leaders and intermediaries. This role was strengthened over time, particularly during the Qajar period in the 19th century.
The concept of Wilayat al-Faqih, outlined by Khomeini in his 1970 book “Islamic Government” and influenced by Nur al-Din al-Karaki and Abul Aala Maududi, was a key attempt to integrate the state into Shiite religious doctrine. Although initially supported by figures, such as Hossein-Ali Montazeri and Mozzafar Baghai, many later criticized its absolutist form and were imprisoned.
In the past decade, nationalist sentiment has grown, even within the Revolutionary Guards and official discourse. While the Supreme Leader once rejected pre-Islamic Persian history, the system now appears unable to counter this trend amid declining religious faith, renewed protests and economic pressures. After the 12-day war, the regime unveiled a statue of the Sasanian king Shapur I in Tehran’s Enghelab Square, alongside images of Soleimani and Amir Hajizadeh, bearing the words, “You will kneel before Iran again.”
The weakening of Wilayat al-Faqih represents a setback for modern Shiite political Islam. Unlike its Sunni counterpart, which failed to establish a caliphate, this model's failure may push the system backward. The doctrine that underpinned the authority of Khomeini and Khamenei may revert to a more limited form.
More broadly, the current Iranian system, regardless of its leadership, faces the likely end of the Wilayat al-Faqih project, even if the republic itself endures. The military no longer appears to place significant weight on clerical authority.
Khomeini sought to establish the rule of the jurist as a substitute for the absent Imam, but that authority now appears to be receding again under the new leader. There is clear symbolism: the system shifts from Shiite eschatology toward a hybrid nationalism, while the Supreme Leader himself becomes largely absent from view. In his 2009 book “Apocalyptic Islam and Iranian Shiism,” Abbas Amanat speaks of a Hussainiya in Kashan dating back to the Qajar era, where an inscription reads, “Waiting is our doctrine.”
The recent war has shown that under pressure, Iran does not move toward moderation or reform, but toward greater extremism. As crises deepen, the system turns not to Wilayat al-Faqih, but to what can be described as the rule of the Guards. At that point, Wilayat al-Faqih is no longer the true basis of power, but a final cover for a system that has become military in substance, familial in symbolism, aggressive in behavior and more fragile than its official rhetoric suggests. In Times of Conflict…We Cannot Afford Any Decline in Vaccination
In parts of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, whether a child receives a vaccine no longer depends solely on scientific progress, but also on whether it is safe to leave the house.
Conflicts are now casting a shadow over the daily lives of millions of families across the region. In Sudan, years of devastating war have left large numbers of children without protection from disease, amid the world’s largest displacement crisis. In Lebanon, bombardment and evacuation orders have uprooted a fifth of the population from their homes, schools, and clinics within weeks. In Gaza, little remains of the health infrastructure but rubble, with systems on the brink of total collapse amid destruction and economic breakdown. Along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border, renewed violence is triggering new waves of displacement, compounded by natural disasters. In Yemen and Somalia, protracted crises continue to weaken already fragile health systems.
Vaccination requires stable primary health care, reliable cold chains, safe passage for health workers, and families able to access services. Conflict sweeps all of this away.
Even before the latest escalation, coverage was already declining. First-dose coverage of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccines fell from 89 percent in 2019 to 85 percent in 2024. Coverage of measles-containing vaccines dropped to 80 percent, far below the 95 percent needed to prevent outbreaks. An estimated 2.8 million children in the region received no vaccines at all in 2024. More than 12 million children have received no routine immunization since 2020.
These gaps are concentrated in conflict zones, among displaced families, in remote areas, and in underserved urban communities. When children repeatedly miss vaccinations, immunity gaps widen and outbreaks follow. In 2024 alone, nearly 4 million people did not receive their first dose of a measles vaccine. The poliovirus continues to lurk in under-immunized pockets, not due to a lack of tools, but because those tools have not consistently reached every child. The predictable and preventable result is the resurgence of outbreaks, placing additional strain on already overstretched health systems and costing young lives.
Humanitarian access must be safe, sustained, and guaranteed. Medical supplies must flow without obstruction, and health workers must be able to reach communities freely. Services must be delivered to displaced families wherever they are. Immunization cannot depend on sporadic or fragmented opportunities; it requires continuity, even amid chaos.
Waiting for stability is not a realistic option. In many parts of the region, stability may remain out of reach for the foreseeable future, and children cannot wait. Immunization services must be protected during crises, not postponed. Delays create deeper and more costly immunity gaps and open the door to the return of preventable diseases.
Even under these harsh conditions, there remains a glimmer of hope, thanks to the courage of frontline health workers. They risk their lives to carry out catch-up campaigns that have reached millions of children, helping to repair the dangerous immunity gaps left by crises. These efforts must continue and be expanded.
At the midpoint of the Immunization Agenda 2030, countries have committed to halving the number of zero-dose children by 2030. Achieving this goal in the region will only be possible if immunization is treated as an essential service that does not stop during crises, supported by strong political will, secure financing, effective delivery systems, and community trust.
We are closer than ever to interrupting the transmission of polio. However, the virus will continue to find its way to children as long as they remain out of reach. Strong immunization programs do more than prevent individual infections. They strengthen the resilience of health systems, protect populations from future shocks, and safeguard our collective health.
Vaccines have proven effective and saved millions of lives, but they can only fulfill their promise when they reach every child.
*Regional Director, WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Jordan’s Wartime Balancing Act
Ghaith al-Omari and David Schenker/The Washington InstituteApr 19/ 2026
The economic, political, and diplomatic fallout of the Iran crisis is bending the kingdom in multiple directions, but Washington can do much to ease the domestic stress, avoid bilateral friction, and address Amman’s growing rift with Israel.
Jordan has proven to be an invaluable U.S. strategic partner during the war, opening itself up to extensive Iranian attacks in the process. Even more challenging for the kingdom, however, has been the political and economic fallout of the conflagration. While Amman has taken some steps to mitigate this spillover, the crisis is accelerating the deterioration of its ties with Israel. Once the war is over, ongoing and intensive U.S. diplomacy will be required to shore up ties between these two key peace partners and insulate Jordan from residual Iranian threats.
Support for the United States in Wartime
During the reign of King Abdullah II, Jordan has dramatically enhanced its strategic relationship with Washington. At critical moments, he has taken a different path from his father, always choosing to prioritize ties with the United States. In 1991, for example, King Hussein opposed Operation Desert Storm and refused to join Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and other members of the large multinational coalition in the campaign to liberate Kuwait. In contrast, King Abdullah provided basing for U.S. aircraft involved in a much more controversial military effort, the 2003 invasion of Iraq. More recently, the kingdom played a pivotal role in intercepting Iranian projectiles overflying its airspace en route to Israel during major confrontations in 2024 and 2025.
Jordan has been even more helpful to Washington during the current war. Because U.S. bases in the Gulf states are closer to Iran and more vulnerable to missile and drone attacks, the kingdom has emerged as a critical node in the “Western Basing Strategy,” enabling the safer positioning of American assets. A 2021 defense cooperation agreement provided U.S. forces with access to twelve facilities in Jordan, including five air bases. In the lead-up to the Iran crisis, Muwaffaq Salti Air Base served as a key logistical hub for U.S. C-17 airlifts, and some sixty U.S. combat aircraft were stationed there as of February. The United States has also placed a broad array of anti-missile interceptors in the kingdom, including Patriot missiles and Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) systems that help protect both Jordan and Israel from projectiles fired by Iran and its Iraqi proxies.
To be sure, Tehran was overtly hostile to Amman long before the war. In addition to receiving explicit military threats over the years, Jordan foiled multiple domestic terrorist plots linked to Iran, while Tehran’s proxy militias in Syria repeatedly attempted to smuggle weapons and drugs into and through the kingdom. During the current war, more than 200 drones and missiles have been launched at U.S. and local targets inside Jordan; authorities also interdicted an Iranian cyberattack against the state’s strategic wheat reserves in early March.
Like previous American leaders, President Trump recognizes Jordan’s strategic importance. Amman is one of the few governments to be spared from his administration’s draconian cuts to foreign assistance. This year, Jordan will receive $425 million in Foreign Military Financing, $845 million in direct budgetary support, and close to $200 million in additional aid. This is equivalent to nearly 8 percent of the state’s total annual budget of $18.4 billion—more than three times the proportion of Israel’s total budget supplied by U.S. military assistance.
Economic Impact
In both relative and actual terms, Jordan’s perennially anemic economy was performing reasonably well before the war. A December 2025 IMF report praised the kingdom’s “sound economic policies and reforms,” which contributed to recovering growth, low inflation, and solid reserves. In the fourth quarter of 2025, Jordan charted an impressive 5.1 percent growth rate, the highest in memory, while inflation dropped to its lowest level in a year.
Yet the war has reversed this trajectory. Tourism, which accounts for nearly 15 percent of GDP, bottomed out, with 100 percent of bookings cancelled in March. Although official inflation statistics are not yet available for this period, local reports indicate prices have risen substantially on food staples. To soften the blow on consumers, the government continues to subsidize bread, but fuel costs have increased as well, prompting authorities to hike the price of gas by 11 percent this month. The biggest spike appears to be on liquefied natural gas. Prior to the war, Jordan imported 85 percent of its natural gas from Israel—a resource that accounts for almost 70 percent of electricity generation in the kingdom. Yet this supply was interrupted by the conflict, forcing Amman to compensate by importing LNG through its Aqaba regasification terminal at an extra cost of $120 million per month.
In addition, Prime Minister Jafar Hasan announced an austerity plan on April 6 that limited the use of government vehicles, canceled most official travel abroad, and prohibited the use of air conditioners and heating units in government facilities. Amman also issued a $1 billion stimulus package to support the tourism sector and increase bank liquidity, along with a tax break allowing individuals and businesses to defer payments during the crisis.
Political Balancing Act
On the eve of the war, Jordan was dealing with two significant political dynamics at home. First, after banning the Muslim Brotherhood in April 2025, authorities began a series of steps to weaken the Islamic Action Front, the Brotherhood’s legally registered party. A few days before the war, the government initiated measures to bring the IAF into strict compliance with the political parties law, in the process reshaping and weakening it.
Second, parliament was deliberating significant amendments to the social security law as part of an ongoing economic modernization process. Although these changes are sorely needed for the kingdom’s overall fiscal health, they are unpopular due to the additional burdens they will impose on an already struggling public.
The war is affecting both dynamics. Feeling emboldened by the regional crisis, the IAF has been highlighting unpopular government policies such as hosting U.S. troops, intercepting Iranian missile and drone fire targeting Israel, and generally maintaining the peace treaty with Israel. In a show of force reminiscent of the early days of the Gaza war, opposition parties organized a large demonstration in downtown Amman on April 10. Consequently, Jordanian officials have found themselves on the defensive, partially due to the fact that many of them use similarly confrontational rhetoric toward Israel.
The IAF also spearheaded opposition to the social security law, which Amman recently withdrew amid parliamentary blowback and new economic uncertainties created by the war. This was not only a setback for reform, but also a stinging political defeat for the government.
Mixed Effect on Foreign Relations
Early in the war, Amman strongly condemned Iranian aggression against the Gulf Cooperation Council states, while King Abdullah paid visits to various GCC capitals. Gulf publics and officials are highly sensitive to the wartime positions adopted by other Arab states and have taken notice of Jordan’s reaction. Unlike in 1991, when the kingdom emerged politically and financially isolated after the liberation of Kuwait, Amman is well-positioned this time to deepen its relations with GCC states.
Conversely, the war is exacerbating Jordan’s political strains with Israel, despite serving as a reminder to both sides of the relationship’s security value. The fact that their intense military cooperation has failed to ameliorate political tensions speaks to the depth of the bilateral impasse, which has steadily worsened due to a combination of Israeli policies in Gaza, the West Bank, and Jerusalem, along with Jordanian rhetoric and diplomatic initiatives against Israel. Remarkably, for neighbors who have such closely intertwined security interests, there is virtually zero political engagement.
The war might also amplify some recent signs of political stress in Amman’s deep relations with the United States. The kingdom’s traditional supporters in Washington have been concerned by Jordanian moves such as leaning into harsh anti-Israel rhetoric during the Gaza war and hosting controversial figures Tucker Carlson and Francesca Albanese, who have been roundly criticized for their antisemitic tirades. At the same time, Amman is increasingly anxious about the Trump administration’s policies on key Palestinian issues, particularly its willingness to tolerate Israeli settler violence in the West Bank and provocative moves by some Israeli political figures on the Temple Mount/al-Haram al-Sharif—a holy site where Jordan’s special oversight role was enshrined in the 1994 peace treaty. Hence, while the U.S.-Jordan relationship remains strong, failure to address these issues could lead to future bilateral tensions and impede Washington’s longer-term Arab-Israel peace goals.
Policy Recommendations
To help one of its most reliable regional allies weather the current crisis, Washington should take steps that mitigate the wartime damage suffered by Jordan while also planning for the economic, security, and diplomatic challenges that will come to the fore after the crisis:
Economically, the United States already provides generous bilateral support to Amman. Yet the kingdom would benefit from inclusion in postwar regional economic arrangements, including potential plans to diversify transportation routes.
In addition to enhancing bilateral military cooperation against ongoing Iranian threats, the United States should ensure that counterterrorism authorities in both countries are on alert and sharing intelligence about any moves that Tehran or its proxies might make to support subversion or violence against the kingdom. As part of this effort, any U.S. moves regarding Iraqi militias should take Jordan’s security into account.
Amman’s worsening relations with Israel are the most alarming challenge. Although the two governments have found a way to ensure quiet at sensitive Jerusalem sites during every Ramadan since the October 7 attacks—no small achievement—ties have deteriorated to the point that an unexpected incident could endanger the peace treaty. Washington should help de-escalate this tension. Beyond evergreen efforts to steer both sides away from provocative actions and statements, U.S. intervention would be especially helpful in avoiding brinkmanship over the renewal of their bilateral water agreement. Resolving this long-delayed issue soon is critical to keeping taps running in the kingdom throughout the summer—a high priority for Amman.
Ghaith al-Omari is the Gilbert Foundation Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute. David Schenker is the Institute’s Taube Senior Fellow and director of its Rubin Program on Arab Politics.

Selected Face Book & X tweets for April 19/2026