English LCCC Newsbulletin For Lebanese, Lebanese Related, Global News & Editorials
For April 02/2023
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani
#elias_bejjani_news

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15 آذار/2023

Bible Quotations For today
Palm Sunday/Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King
John 12/12-19: The next day the great crowd that had come for the festival heard that Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem. 13 They took palm branches and went out to meet him, shouting,“Hosanna!“Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!”“Blessed is the king of Israel!” Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it, as it is written: “Do not be afraid, Daughter Zion; see, your king is coming, seated on a donkey’s colt.”At first his disciples did not understand all this. Only after Jesus was glorified did they realize that these things had been written about him and that these things had been done to him. Now the crowd that was with him when he called Lazarus from the tomb and raised him from the dead continued to spread the word. 18 Many people, because they had heard that he had performed this sign, went out to meet him. 19 So the Pharisees said to one another, “See, this is getting us nowhere. Look how the whole world has gone after him!”

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on April 01-02/2023
Commemoration Of The Zahle City siege: Heroism and Martyrdom/Elias Bejjani/April 02/2023
Palm Sunday...the Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem/Elias Bejjani/April 02/2023
Conflicting reports emerge on Franjieh's Paris visi
Frangieh visits Paris, PSP emphasizes support for consensus candidate
Calls for national reconciliation in Lebanon: Will politicians respond?
Ogero union ends strike amid concerns for national security
Corm commends Ogero Employees Union's decision to suspend strike, calls on Cabinet to convene immediately to approve their demands
Reda: For the Lebanese to yield a president of the republic
Makary contacts Lara Bitar & Jean Kassir, stressing keenness on freedom of expression
Syrian refugees crisis: A demographic and economic time bomb
Lebanese government wastes millions of dollars on unlawful recruitment amid country collapse
Concerns over media freedom in Lebanon as journalists face investigation
Al-Mortada responding to some calls not to mark Christian holidays: Our religious occasions in Lebanon are sacred seasons to affirm coexistence
MP Jumblatt: Our position is one & we want an impartial president
FPM's political paper at its VIII National Convention 2023
Information Minister visits KPN Platform, Dream FM Radio Station at the invitation of Abdel-Massih
Abdallah contacts Ammar, denouncing attack on Maronite Sect's cemeteries in Sidon

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on April 01-02/2023
Pope Francis quips 'I'm still alive' as he leaves hospital. He was being treated in Rome for bronchitis
Iran’s Revolutionary Guards Say Officer Killed in Israeli Strike on Syria, Vows Revenge
Women to be prosecuted 'without mercy' for not wearing veils, says Iran's judiciary chief
Yoghurt thrown over women in Iran for not covering their hair
Raisi says hijab is the law in Iran as unveiled women face 'yoghurt attack'
Iran, Azerbaijan Exchange Accusations over an Israeli Proposal
Azerbaijan to Open Representative Office in Ramallah
Israelis still protest legal overhaul despite suspension
Israeli police say killed man who grabbed gun, shot at them
Syria’s Foreign Minister Arrives in Cairo
UN Experts Call For Repatriating Detained Syria Children
Pakistani army says 4 troops killed by Iran-based militants
UN Security Council concerned over Russian nuclear weapons in Belarus
Kyiv says Russian UN Security Council presidency is 'symbolic blow'
Germany rules out any further weapons deliveries to Ukraine
Trump 'shocked' by indictment but 'ready to fight'
China Draws Lessons From Russia’s Losses in Ukraine, and Its Gains
High activity spotted at North Korea nuclear complex after Kim's bomb-fuel order-report
Eight Indians & Romanians lost their lives while trying to illegally enter the US

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on April 01-02/2023
Thanks to Biden Administration, Iran's Mullahs Winners of Russia Invasion of Ukraine/Majid Rafizadeh/Gatestone Institute/April 01/2023
France Is Furious/Cole Stangler/The New York Times//April 01/2023
Is the Region on the Cusp of a New Phase?/Ramzy Ezzeldin Ramzy/Asharq Al Awsat/April 01/2023
Israel… The Game and the Players/Nabil Amr/Asharq Al Awsat/April 01/2023
US needs to keep its allies to preserve the dollar as a global reserve system/Nadim Shehadi/Arab News/April 01, 2023

Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on April 01-02/2023
Commemoration Of The Zahle City siege: Heroism and Martyrdom
Elias Bejjani/April 02/2023
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/117073/elias-bejjani-commemoration-of-the-zahle-city-siege-heroism-and-martyrdom/
Any country whose people are not always ready to offer themselves as sacrifices on its altar will lose its sovereignty, and they will turn into humiliated slaves.
In this context of heroism and resistance, and under the leadership of Sheikh Bashir Gemayel, the great people of Zahle city, supported by all the free people of Lebanon, uttered a loud blatant and resounding NO to the Syrian occupation Army.
On April 02/1981, the Lebanese resistance stood tall like their country’s Holy Cedars and challenged the Syrian occupier’s terror, criminality, and barbarism. The Lebanese resistance did not succumb, but courageously defended Zahle City and defeated the occupier’s criminal siege.
The people of Zahle stood firm and defended their city, and its besieged residents with ferocity, pride and faith, while offering hundreds of martyrs. They heroically sad NO, to the barbaric Syrian Baathist armed attack, and because of their devotion and sacrifices Zahle City remained and is still remains free and proud.
About Christ’s salvation and crucifixion, Saint Paul wrote in his letter to the Hebrews/02/09: “But we see him who has been made a little lower than the angels, Jesus, because of the suffering of death crowned with glory and honor, that by the grace of God he should taste of death for everyone”.
As Jesus has tasted death for everyone, the Zahle City martyrs offered themselves on Lebanon’s alter to keep it a free, independent and sovereign holy country.
In this same realm of faith and sacrifice, and as the seeds parable teaches us in the holy Bible, John 12/24/: “Very truly I tell you, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds.”, the Zahle City martyrs died so the people of Lebanon will multiply and live in deeply rooted faith values, love pride and dignity.
In contemplating the death of Christ and its holy Godly messages, we can accept death and transcend its unjust causes, hoping for its sublime purpose. Meanwhile it enables us to understand and accept the death of our martyrs in the city of Zahle, and in all of our dear and beloved Lebanon so we can overcome its unjust causes in order to reach its honorable goal, which is maintaining a free, holy and independent Lebanon.
The martyrs of Zahle, like Christ, had to taste death, and they did so for the good of all of us, the Lebanese loving peace and freedom people. They were martyred in order for us to remain as free Lebanese, and the city of Zahle to remain, free.
On the evening of April 2, 1981, Sheikh Bashir Gemayel addressed the resistance fighters in Zahle via the phone and delegated to them the sole decision to continue the resistance or to leave the city, and he said: “Because the road is still open for only a few hours, if you leave, you will save your lives, and the fall of the city becomes an inevitable reality, and this constitutes the end of the resistance epic.” and if you stay, you will find yourselves without water, without medicine, without food, without ammunition, and your task will be to organize the internal resistance and preserve the identity of the Lebanese Bekaa, and give meaning to our six years of war. And he added: “If you decide to stay, then know one thing, which is that heroes die and do not surrender.” Everyone replied, “We will stay,” and the slogan was born, and Zahle remained free, and Lebanon remained.
In conclusion, faith, heroism and martyrdom defeated the Zahle City Syrian siege, and Lebanon remained a free country.

Palm Sunday...the Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem.
Elias Bejjani/
April 02/2023
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/107794/elias-bejjani-jesus-victorious-entry-into-jerusalem-palm-sunday-2/

(Psalm118/26): “Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of Yahweh! We have blessed You out of the house of Yahweh”.
On the seventh Lantern Sunday, known as the “Palm Sunday”, our Maronite Catholic Church celebrates the Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. The joyful and faithful people of this Holy City and their children welcomed Jesus with innocent spontaneity and declared Him a King. Through His glorious and modest entry the essence of His Godly royalty that we share with Him in baptism and anointing of Chrism was revealed. Jesus’ Triumphant Entry into Jerusalem, the “Palm Sunday”, marks the Seventh Lantern Sunday, the last one before Easter Day, (The Resurrection).
During the past six Lantern weeks, we the believers are ought to have renewed and rekindled our faith and reverence through genuine fasting, contemplation, penance, prayers, repentance and acts of charity. By now we are expected to have fully understood the core of love, freedom, and justice that enables us to enter into a renewed world of worship that encompasses the family, the congregation, the community and the nation.
Jesus entered Jerusalem for the last time to participate in the Jewish Passover Holiday. He was fully aware that the day of His suffering and death was approaching and unlike all times, He did not stop the people from declaring Him a king and accepted to enter the city while they were happily chanting : “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!”.(John 12/13). Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples!” “I tell you,” he replied, “if they keep quiet, the stones will cry out.” (Luke 19/39-40). Jesus entered Jerusalem to willingly sacrifice Himself, die on the cross, redeem us and absolve our original sin.
On the Palm Sunday we take our children and grandchildren to celebrate the mass and the special procession while happily they are carrying candles decorated with lilies and roses. Men and women hold palm fronds with olive branches, and actively participate in the Palm Procession with modesty, love and joy crying out loudly: “Hosanna to the Son of David!” “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!” “Hosanna in the highest!” (Matthew 21/09).
On the Palm Sunday through the procession, prayers, and mass we renew our confidence and trust in Jesus. We beg Him for peace and commit ourselves to always tame all kinds of evil hostilities, forgive others and act as peace and love advocates and defend man’s dignity and his basic human rights. “Ephesians 2:14”: “For Christ Himself has brought peace to us. He united Jews and Gentiles into one people when, in His own body on the cross, He broke down the wall of hostility that separated us”
The Triumphal Entry of Jesus’ story into Jerusalem appears in all four Gospel accounts (Matthew 21:1-17; Mark 11:1-11; Luke 19:29-40; John 12:12-19). The four accounts shows clearly that the Triumphal Entry was a significant event, not only to the people of Jesus’ day, but to Christians throughout history.
The Triumphal Entry as it appeared in Saint John’s Gospel, (12/12-19), as follows : “On the next day a great multitude had come to the feast. When they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, they took the branches of the palm trees, and went out to meet him, and cried out, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!” Jesus, having found a young donkey, sat on it. As it is written, “Don’t be afraid, daughter of Zion. Behold, your King comes, sitting on a donkey’s colt. ”His disciples didn’t understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about Him, and that they had done these things to Him. The multitude therefore that was with Him when He called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, was testifying about it. For this cause also the multitude went and met Him, because they heard that He had done this sign. The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, “See how you accomplish nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.” Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast. These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we want to see Jesus.” Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew came with Philip, and they told Jesus.”
The multitude welcomed Jesus, His disciples and followers while chanting: “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!”.(John 12/13). His entry was so humble, meek simple and spontaneous. He did not ride in a chariot pulled by horses as earthly kings and conquerors do, He did not have armed guards, nor officials escorting him. He did not come to Jerusalem to fight, rule, judge or settle scores with any one, but to offer Himself a sacrifice for our salvation.
Before entering Jerusalem, He stopped in the city of Bethany, where Lazarus (whom he raised from the tomb) with his two sisters Mary and Martha lived. In Hebrew Bethany means “The House of the Poor”. His stop in Bethany before reaching Jerusalem was a sign of both His acceptance of poverty and His readiness to offer Himself as a sacrifice. He is the One who accepted poverty for our own benefit and came to live in poverty with the poor and escort them to heaven, the Kingdom of His Father.
After His short Stop in Bethany, Jesus entered Jerusalem to fulfill all the prophecies, purposes and the work of the Lord since the dawn of history. All the scripture accounts were fulfilled and completed with his suffering, torture, crucifixion, death and resurrection. On the Cross, He cried with a loud voice: “It is finished.” He bowed his head, and gave up his spirit.(John19/30)
The multitude welcomed Jesus when He entered Jerusalem so one of the Old Testament prophecies would be fulfilled. (Zechariah 9:9-10): “Rejoice greatly, Daughter Zion! Shout, Daughter Jerusalem! See, your King comes to you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey. I will take away the chariots from Ephraim and the warhorses from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be broken. He will proclaim peace to the nations. His rule will extend from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth”.
The crowd welcomed Jesus for different reasons and numerous expectations. There were those who came to listen to His message and believed in Him, while others sought a miraculous cure for their ailments and they got what they came for, but many others envisaged in Him a mortal King that could liberate their country, Israel, and free them from the yoke of the Roman occupation. Those were disappointed when Jesus told them: “My Kingdom is not an earthly kingdom” (John 18/36)
Christ came to Jerusalem to die on its soil and fulfill the scriptures. It was His choice where to die in Jerusalem as He has said previously: “should not be a prophet perish outside of Jerusalem” (Luke 13/33): “Nevertheless, I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem”.
He has also warned Jerusalem because in it all the prophets were killed: (Luke 13:34-35): “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, just as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you would not have it! “behold, your house is left to you desolate; and I say to you, you will not see Me until the time comes when you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord”.
Explanation of the Palm Sunday Procession Symbols
The crowd chanted, “Hosanna to the Son of David” “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!” “Hosanna in the highest!” (Matthew 21/09), because Jesus was is a descendant of David. Hosanna in the highest is originated in the Psalm 118/25: “Please, LORD, please save us. Please, LORD, please give us success”. It is a call for help and salvation as also meant by the Psalm 26/11: “But I lead a blameless life; redeem me and be merciful to me”. Hosanna also means: God enlightened us and will never abandon us, Jesus’ is a salvation for the world”
Spreading cloth and trees’ branches in front of Jesus to walk on them was an Old Testament tradition that refers to love, obedience, submission, triumph and loyalty. (2 Kings 09/13): “They hurried and took their cloaks and spread them under him on the bare steps. Then they blew the trumpet and shouted, “Jehu is king!”. In the old days Spreading garments before a dignitary was a symbol of submission.
Zion is a hill in Jerusalem, and the “Daughter of Zion” is Jerusalem. The term is synonymous with “paradise” and the sky in its religious dimensions.
Carrying palm and olive branches and waving with them expresses joy, peace, longing for eternity and triumph. Palm branches are a sign of victory and praise, while Olive branches are a token of joy, peace and durability. The Lord was coming to Jerusalem to conquer death by death and secure eternity for the faithful. It is worth mentioning that the olive tree is a symbol for peace and its oil a means of holiness immortality with which Kings, Saints, children and the sick were anointed.
The name “King of Israel,” symbolizes the kingship of the Jews who were waiting for Jehovah to liberate them from the Roman occupation.
O, Lord Jesus, strengthen our faith to feel closer to You and to Your mercy when in trouble;
O, Lord Jesus, empower us with the grace of patience and meekness to endure persecution, humiliation and rejection and always be Your followers.
O, Lord Let Your eternal peace and gracious love prevail all over the world.
A joyous Palm Sunday to all

Conflicting reports emerge on Franjieh's Paris visit

Naharnet/April 01/2023
Conflicting reports emerged Saturday over Marada Movement chief Suleiman Franjieh’s visit to the French capital Paris and his meeting there with Patrick Durel -- the French president’s advisor for North Africa and the Middle East.
“Paris will tell Franjieh of the need to withdraw from the race to the presidential palace in order to facilitate the electoral process, seeing as the election of a partisan president is almost impossible,” Annahar newspaper quoted unnamed sources as saying. “Hezbollah has been put in the picture of the visit and it backs the French (withdrawal) scenario in order to avoid embarrassment,” the sources added. Progressive Socialist Party sources meanwhile told Annahar that PSP chief Walid Jumblat’s foreign tour, especially his visit to Paris, was aimed at explaining “the difficulty of Franjieh’s election as president, seeing as he is loyal to a camp.” “Jumblat urged the French to seek consensus over another, centrist figure with a financial-economic profile, but the French did not inform him of any decisive stance in this regard,” the PSP sources added. The Nidaa al-Watan newspaper for its part reported that Franjieh was informed by Paris that the bargain deal calling for his election in return for the appointment of Nawaf Salam as premier has been rejected by the recent Paris meeting parties -- the U.S., Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Egypt. Informed sources meanwhile told the Asharq al-Awsat newspaper that Paris has invited Franjieh to France to agree with him over “the public pledges that he can offer over key issues, such as how to deal with the premier, the Syrian refugees, border control, the political-economic-financial reform agenda, and the pledges he can obtain from Hezbollah and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad over the issues of refugees and border demarcation.” “Paris also wants to know the nature of the relation that will be in place between him and Hezbollah and the extent of his openness toward the Arab world, in particular the Gulf,” the sources added. Al-Akhbar daily meanwhile quoted diplomatic sources as saying that “the French stance is still the same” and that “Paris is acting on the basis that there is time left to continue the discussions with the Saudis over the next weeks and to eventually convince the kingdom of endorsing the settlement.” And quoting Hezbollah and Amal Movement sources, al-Joumhouria newspaper said “the French want to speed up the election of a president,” adding that “it is not ruled out that Lebanon might have a new president right before or just after the (Easter and Fitr) holidays.”

Frangieh visits Paris, PSP emphasizes support for consensus candidate
LBCI/April 01/2023
Secrecy dominates the situation surrounding presidential candidate Sleiman Frangieh's visit to Paris. Both parties remain tight-lipped about the details of Frangieh's meeting with French presidential advisor Patrick Durel.
The only exception is the French confirmation that Frangieh provided some guarantees without disclosing their details or nature. As the discussions of the visit are exclusive to Frangieh, his return to Lebanon is eagerly awaited to determine the course of the presidential entitlement. Allies of the head of the Marada Movement, particularly the Amal-Hezbollah duo, are keeping an eye on the details of the visit. They are also focused on completing the discussions with the Saudi side to determine whether Frangieh's guarantees will convince the kingdom to change its stance against the arrival of a Hezbollah-allied president. On the Progressive Socialist Party's side, whose leader Walid Jumblatt preceded Frangieh to Paris and advised the French to adopt a consensual rather than confrontational candidate, the Democratic Gathering resolved the debate about its position on the entitlement.
MP Taymour Jumblatt announced that the parliamentary bloc and the party insist on calling for a consensus figure for the presidency who will not be a party to or pose a challenge to anyone. The candidate must have a reformist and rescue vision for the country. This position was previously proposed by Walid Jumblatt and announced in all domestic and foreign communications and discussions. "Enough with the imagination of some," Taymour Jumblatt concluded.

Calls for national reconciliation in Lebanon: Will politicians respond?

LBCI/April 01/2023
Thirty-four years have passed since the end of the Lebanese Civil War, marked by the signing of the Taif Agreement. At that time, warlords transitioned into peacetime leaders, infiltrating every aspect of the state. They crafted laws and implemented policies tailored to their interests, never forgetting that they were once enemies. These enemies re-emerge at every constitutional milestone, accompanied by the act of exhuming graves. Accusations are exchanged, loyalty is questioned, and the symbols of the opposing party are targeted, even when irrelevant to the current discussions. How can those who never forgave the war build a country? This question was raised by Sami Gemayel, the leader of the Kataeb Party, who called for a national meeting for truth-telling and reconciliation. Are the warlords and politicians of today prepared to participate? In principle, the Lebanese Forces say they support the call but are waiting for a mechanism to decide on participation, relying on previous statements by their leader, Samir Geagea. The Amal Movement welcomes any call for dialogue and reminds that Ali Hassan Khalil's words to Gemayel represent a personal stance. Hezbollah chose not to comment on the call for truth-telling and reconciliation. The Progressive Socialist Party, which had previously brokered reconciliation between the Druze and Maronites through its leader Walid Jumblatt and Patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, rejects any mindset that returns Lebanon to the painful chapters of war. They call for the Mountain Reconciliation to serve as a framework governing the relations between Lebanese people. The Free Patriotic Movement, which associates its war memory with General Michel Aoun's era, regrets that Lebanon has not yet taken this path of truth-telling and reconciliation. They believe that organizing disagreements can lead to constitutions and charters. On the surface, these positions seem excellent, as everyone wants to turn the page. However, the real challenge lies in execution. Will they respond to the call for a truth-telling and reconciliation conference or hide behind the Taif Agreement, which ended the war, fearing to admit their mistakes?

Ogero union ends strike amid concerns for national security
LBCI/April 01/2023
The Executive Council of the Ogero Union announced the suspension of the strike starting Saturday, following repeated strikes that led to Lebanon's isolation from its surroundings and a complete outage of internet and communication due to the strike.
The Council justified the end of the strike as a preventive measure to protect national security after the Telecommunications Minister called for a Cabinet meeting to discuss the situation in Ogero. It is worth noting that the Telecommunications Minister had agreed with the Caretaker Prime Minister to hand over Ogero's facility to the army to manage if the employees' strike continued. Furthermore, the mobile companies, Alfa and Touch, worked on Saturday to refill diesel fuel to several Ogero's centrals to avoid a complete shutdown of telecommunication and internet services.

Corm commends Ogero Employees Union's decision to suspend strike, calls on Cabinet to convene immediately to approve their demands
NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Caretaker Tele-Communications Minister Johnny Corm praised in a statement on Saturday, "the move of Ogero Employees Union to suspend the strike that began last week," considering that this step points to “the employees’ rationality and responsibility, especially since the Ogero sector is the backbone of other sectors that are directly linked to it, so that the country would avoid through this suspension major problems at all levels.”Corm’s media office announced that the Minister "has always stressed that any decision related to increasing the salaries of employees is within the jurisdiction of the Council of Ministers," emphasizing that Minister Corm "will remain adamant on working towards a suitable conclusion for this dossier, particularly since the employees' demands are rightful."Meanwhile, the Tele-Communications Minister warned against failing to pay proper attention to this file, reiterating the call on the Council of Ministers "to meet immediately in order to approve the demands. "Minister Corm reassures the employees of Ogero that he will always stand by their side to solve this dossier,” the statement asserted, expressing appreciation to the employee’s union for calling-off the strike and confirming that the Minister will be meeting with the union members next Monday to develop a practical roadmap that addresses all aspects of this dossier.

Reda: For the Lebanese to yield a president of the republic
NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Head of the Lebanese Medical Social Assembly and the representative of the International European Middle Eastern Medical Association in Lebanon, Professor Raef Reda, regretted in a statement today, that "the outside chooses and dictates to the deputies the election of this and that candidate for the presidency of the republic." Reda underlined that the president of the republic ought to be chosen and elected by the Lebanese themselves.

Makary contacts Lara Bitar & Jean Kassir, stressing keenness on freedom of expression
NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Caretaker Minister of Information, Ziad Al-Makary, contacted today the Editor-in-Chief of "A Public Source" Website, Lara Bitar, as a follow-up to her summoning before the Office of Combating Cyber Crimes, and Journalist Jean Kassir after he was summoned by the State Security Directorate because of his publication on the "Megaphone" platform. Makary affirmed his keenness on respecting the freedom of opinion and expression guaranteed by the Lebanese constitution, stressing the need to address everything that may arise in this regard through proper legal means and before the concerned court. He announced that the two summons would be the subject of close follow-up to put matters in their proper context.

Syrian refugees crisis: A demographic and economic time bomb
LBCI/April 01/2023
The magnitude of the Syrian refugee crisis and its danger to Lebanese society is evident in the numbers that no one can deny. According to the Ministry of Social Affairs, with a population of 4.87 million Lebanese, there are 2.43 million Syrian refugees, meaning that refugees comprise 45 percent of the Lebanese people. According to the numbers, if the situation continues, the percentage of refugees will likely increase by 25 percent after ten years. These numbers indicate a demographic change in the country, not to mention the economic pressure caused by this displacement in an already troubled nation. Despite the demands of the Lebanese state to the international community to work on returning refugees to their home country, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) continues to strive to improve their conditions in Lebanon. Sources confirmed to LBCI that the UNHCR requested the Ministry of Social Affairs to dollarize the amounts given to refugees in Lebanese lira to be $45 for the family and $20 for the individual. After the Ministry rejected the request, the organization submitted another proposal to increase the amount to 15 million Lebanese pounds. LBCI presented the number of refugees to the EU Commissioner for Crisis Management, who confirmed the continued support for Syrian refugees until a safe environment in Syria encourages their return. Therefore, it seems that the international community does not care about the demand of the Lebanese state, which is preparing several proposals for the return of Syrian refugees to their homeland, to be presented at the Brussels conference in June.

Lebanese government wastes millions of dollars on unlawful recruitment amid country collapse
LBCI/Sat, April 1, 2023
In a time of economic collapse, millions of dollars are being wasted on salaries for random recruits. In 2017, the Parliament passed the new salary brackets and prohibited new hiring in public administrations. However, in the run-up to the 2018 elections, some political parties and factions broke the law for political favors. According to a 2019 report from the Central Inspection, the state unlawfully hired 7,549 new employees, which defied the law, and they were regular employees and not managers. They were distributed among different government departments, including 3,305 employees in the Education Ministry and 453 in Ogero, which the General Director of Ogero admitted were distributed among political parties as well as another number of employees in more than one governmental and official department. In the Education Ministry and the rest of the departments, an employee's salary is between seven million and nine million LBP today. The average wage is around eight million LBP for each employee. Thus, 7,549 employees were unlawfully recruited, which still cost more than 60 billion monthly. These employees will receive their salaries this month at the Sayrafa exchange rate of LBP 60,000, meaning that one million dollars will go to these employees, who had been recruited due to political favors. In conclusion, we pay about one million dollars per month to employees violating the law. However, this amount would have secured a lot of life's necessities every month, such as internet, electricity, water, and additional dollars in the markets. Moreover, this scenario robs us daily. Why are these people still in their workplaces and not being dismissed, knowing that most public administrations suffer due to continuous strikes? They get paid without even working.

Concerns over media freedom in Lebanon as journalists face investigation

LBCILBCI/April 01/2023
Once again, the issue of restricting media freedom has resurfaced in Lebanon. This time, journalists Lara Bitar and Jean Kassir are being targeted. Lara Bitar was summoned by the Cybercrime Bureau to be investigated in a complaint filed by the Lebanese Forces party. The complaint alleges that Bitar published an investigation accusing the party of being involved in a toxic waste scandal decades ago. Jean Kassir was called in for questioning by the General Directorate of State Security, following an order from the General Prosecutor, Judge Ghassan Oweidat. The investigation was initiated in response to Kassir's post on Megaphone, titled "Lebanon is governed by fugitives from justice." The mentioned post featured several political and judicial figures, including Judge Ghassan Oweidat, who ordered Kassir's questioning. How can Oweidat be both the victim and the judge in the same case? It is well known that security agencies are not authorized to investigate journalists, as this falls under the jurisdiction of the Publications Court. According to legal experts, Oweidat does not have the right to charge defamation crimes without a personal claim. This type of charge is not covered by public law. Oweidat should have either filed a personal claim or requested another judge from the Public Prosecution to examine the case to ensure impartiality. Therefore, Oweidat's actions represent a conflict of interest.

Al-Mortada responding to some calls not to mark Christian holidays: Our religious occasions in Lebanon are sacred seasons to affirm coexistence

NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Caretaker Minister of Culture, Judge Muhammad Wissam Al-Mortada, responded today to some calls sent out to Muslims not to mark Christian holidays in the country, by saying: "The day Imam al-Sadr came out striving against deprivation and calling for social justice, he did not view the Lebanese according to sectarian souls or religious identity.”He added, “The day the mujahideen's blood was shed on the paths of liberation, it did not differentiate between the soil of Rmeish, Nabatiyeh, Marjeyoun, Bint Jbeil, Zabadani and Wadi al-Nasara..."“This is how our religious holidays in Lebanon ought not be a headline for division or outbidding...They are sacred seasons to affirm coexistence, and whoever wants to look at the matter from a different perspective alienates himself from national unity, which is the meaning of our existence,” he asserted. “We do not act under the weight of emotion, and we do not accept that anger dictates our reactions. Therefore, we will celebrate the holidays of all Christians and Muslims because they are our feasts, and we respect the law as it is because it is our law, and all words contrary to that denote dissonance,” Al-Mortada underscored.

MP Jumblatt: Our position is one & we want an impartial president
NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Head of the "Democratic Gathering", MP Taymour Jumblatt, reaffirmed today the position of his Bloc and the Progressive Socialist Party in calling for "searching for a consensus figure for the presidency of the republic, who will not be a side or constitute a challenge to anyone, and has a reform and rescue vision for the country, for this is Lebanon's basic guarantee as it flounders under economic, social, financial and other crises.”This call has been previously sent out by PSP Chief Walid Jumblatt and announced in all communications and deliberations at home and abroad. “Enough with the imaginations of some, our position is the same, and we look forward to a moment of relief for the homeland, through a new era that does not tolerate the reproduction of crises and establishes its return to existence and the formation of its constitutional, executive and administrative powers,” MP Jumblatt said in an issued statement. During Saturday's meetings at Al-Mukhtara Palace, MP Jumblatt also discussed the issue of municipal elections and the looming atmosphere of obstruction or postponement in this regard, calling for "removing all obstacles that prevent their holding and stand before this important juncture on the way to building the state and preserving institutions."

Information Minister visits KPN Platform, Dream FM Radio Station at the invitation of Abdel-Massih
NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Caretaker Information Minister Ziad Al-Makary visited today the offices of the KPN Platform and Dream FM Radio Station, at the invitation of MP Adib Abdel-Massih in the presence of MP Tony Franjieh, the Platform’s General Manager Jimmy Saba, the Radio Station’s General Manager Mazen Jabbour, the Political Programs Director Michel Damaa and the work team. Al-Makary began his visit by touring the new offices in Kfar Hazir, in the presence of journalists from the North region. Saba provided a briefing on the flow of media work within the platform and the coverage it provides in Lebanon and the North. He thanked MP Abdel-Massih for inviting the Minister of Information to visit the offices and welcomed both Makary and Franjieh, deeming their visit as a “doorway of support for the institution."In turn, Deputy Abdel-Massih stressed that "we must all cooperate for the benefit of Lebanon and society," adding, “We encouraged the tourism, agricultural, educational and cultural sectors, and today we encourage the media sector, which is one of the vital sectors in Lebanon. We have an active minister, the son of a patriotic home who was raised on love of the homeland and love of the North region...The Franjieh House is also an ancient, patriotic and northern home, with which we must cooperate for the reconstruction of Lebanon." For his part, MP Franjieh stressed that “what brings us together in Lebanon is deeper than any political dispute, so we must join hands and cooperate openly to distance Lebanon from the logic of conflicts and political distress, so that we may enter a period of prosperity and be part of our Arab environment that is taking steady steps towards development and modernity.”He added: “Our responsibility during the next stage is to find political conditions that allow us to be productive in accordance with the needs and aspirations of citizens. From here, we must seek to confirm the role of peace, without which we cannot relate to the logic of dialogue and understanding prevailing in the region.”"The major countries are heading towards meeting and having dialogue, understanding, and rapprochement, while we are searching internally for any reason to divide our country at the political and sectarian levels,” Franjieh added regretfully. In turn, Minister Makary praised the exerted efforts of the young men and women for the sake of Lebanon, saying "Media professionals are the beacon of Lebanon and the mainstay of the success of media institutions."He spoke about the platform and individual initiatives that are developing in society, while regretting the destructive mentality existing within public media. Makary hoped that a president of the republic will be elected soon, someone who will cooperate with all parties in order to build a modern country. He concluded, "Political differences do not prevent us from coming together."At the end of the visit, Deputy Abdel-Massih presented an honorary shield to Minister Makary and another to the platform team as a token of appreciation for their efforts.

FPM's political paper at its VIII National Convention 2023

NNA/FPM/April 01/2023
At its eighth national convention 2023, the Free Patriotic Movement circulated the following political paper:
“From the heart of the crises oppressing Lebanon and in the face of the pain of the Lebanese and their cry of despair which require a different political practice, the Free Patriotic Movement proclaims an act of faith in Lebanon and its confidence in the possibility of saving and perpetuating it, based on its long history in which its people have proven their ability to overcome hardships thanks to their human resources and the will of its people to live. We are a party that does neither despair nor give up. We have drawn our struggle from the very spirit of the people, and we persevere through the strength of the youth, driven by the authenticity of the cause, the clarity of the vision, the purity of the identity, as well as our unchanging principles that the founding president, General Michel Aoun, firmly implanted in us. Our identity is our cause, which is none other than Lebanon, through its territory and its people.
For the liberation of its territory and the restoration of sovereignty, we fought; and for human dignity, we confronted; and for the reconstruction of the state, we will continue our struggle, regardless of the sacrifices made. Our cause is our compass; it guides us in order to make us avoid losing our path and our vision. Our cause is the establishment of a viable civil state, reinforced by a democratic system, by an independent judiciary, and by an expanded decentralization that embraces diversity and encourages the balanced development of sectors and regions, to be able to face crises, to overcome them, even to anticipate them. A free, sovereign and stable state which foundations are based on the free man, on an interactive society, on a free and productive economy, as well as on parties organizing democracy and applying its principles.
The political paper 2023 VIII National Convention on the basis of the foregoing, we hope that the general convention of the Free Patriotic Movement held this year will be the starting point for a new dynamic within the party, based on respect for its rules and encompassing all communities and sects combined, a dynamic that can positively reflect on the challenges of the country and be embodied in a vision, both for the party and for Lebanon, which will extend in the short term until 2030 and in the long term until in 2050. This vision is based on what we have previously established as political, economic and financial reform programs. It is also based on our accomplished vision to develop the system, as well as on the sheet of presidential priorities which reflects our conception of electing a President of the Republic as an absolute priority, since there is no Republic without a Presidency, and that there is no salvation for Lebanon, no reform without a President who will lead the way. This year, our vision revolves around three axes: the Free Patriotic Movement – the Community – the Entity. I - The Free Patriotic Movement, an active institution The Free Patriotic Movement is inspired by the experience of the previous years, carried by the energy of renewal carried by its young people in order to create an active and effective institution, centered on the human being, the territory and the interaction between them; an institution which strength lies in the balance and harmony between well-established principles and the ability to evolve and adapt, as well as in the adoption of a regulatory hierarchy within the framework of flexibility and diversity; an institution driven by the concerns, pain, rights, livelihoods and dignity of people. We relate these concerns to actions and commitment to make the wanted change, without only using at words stripped of any action. Sometimes we succeed, and other times we fail, but we never stop working and we never tire of trying again. We take the initiative and act, without waiting for instructions from abroad; on the contrary, we seek rather to put the outside at the service and for the benefit of Lebanon. We dialogue, without becoming prisoners of the axes, and we work to free Lebanon from them, and to Lebanonize its decisions. We bring together without separating, we unite without dividing because we believe in the unity of Lebanon and we work to ensure it, refusing any division of the homeland. We are the party of authenticity and renewal, we keep in our consciousness and in our memory the history of Lebanon. We weave our identity from its components; we embrace all its communities; we carry its values in our conscience and we practice them on a daily basis.
The generations of the Free Patriotic Movement are linked by a cord of belonging, bequeathing to each other the founding principles, each generation evolving through its own experiences. Our party respects traditions, but it rebels against the traditional. Its past is a source of pride for its present, and its present is ammunition for its future. It is a party that was born from the heart of the army and whose young people grew up in the arenas of struggle; it is essential that they remain there alongside the demands and rights of the people. It is a party that wishes for Lebanon what it wishes for itself and promises its generations, especially the youth, that it will strive to be: 2023 VIII National Convention - An institution that embraces the ambition of young people and helps them achieve the vision they have for their future. - An institution carrying on the one hand, a promising project for society with human, economic and social dimensions, and on the other hand, an entity project with civilizational, cultural and existential dimensions. - An institution that condemns violence and proclaims itself adept at a culture of peace, acceptance of others and respect for their right to be different, based on values and customs. - An institution that brings out the potential of its members, so that they realize themselves in an executive and financial decentralization within their regions, whilst being organized within the framework of the institution by the centralization of political and mediating decisions, so that the image of their party reflects the image of the state to which they aspire. - An institution that stimulates its members and helps them to invest in creative and productive projects that will benefit both their party with some self-financing, and their society with economic benefits and employment opportunities. II - The community: A capable society The Free Patriotic Movement carries a social project for Lebanon, based on the citizen who deserves a decent life and the right to grow within the framework of sustainable development and in an environment free from corruption, so that every woman and every man can benefit from work opportunities, medical and social security; every child must have the right to be cared for, and every student must have priority in education before any stranger; and the elderly should have the right to old age pension; everyone must have the right to security, to the protection of their savings and to the preservation of their deposits. ٢٠٢٣ VIII National Convention 4 ٢٠٢٣ VIII National Convention Since a society cannot be founded on corruption, the Free Patriotic Movement calls for its uprooting from the spirit and culture of the Lebanese, in order to achieve its extraction from state institutions and achieve successful reform. Society does not evolve with corruption and a state does not exist without accountability, and Lebanon will not recover if the policy of impunity persists against those who looted people's money, brankrupted the state and destroyed the country.
Along with reform and the fight against corruption, Lebanon needs a qualitative and radical change to revive its economy, politically and financially slaughtered by the establishment of corruption. Corruption has caused the collapse of the rentier economy, and the time has come to establish a free and productive economy: whether in agriculture, industry, tourism and the knowledge economy. This will result in prosperity and justice for the society and will ensure the well-being of the citizen, as opposed to the monopolistic and rentier economy, perpetuated by the system of authoritarianism and corruption. It is time to build a regionally balanced economy, based on individual initiative and energizing the private sector; an economy that takes advantage of the natural resources of Lebanon: water, gas, oil, sun, air, and which also relies on the human resources of residents and expatriates; an economy that invests in Lebanese diversity, climatic, cultural, touristic, archaeological and religious, and that mobilizes the power of Lebanese creativity in the fields of science, art, literature and knowledge economy. It is indeed the economy on which we are working so that there is a sovereign fund relating to oil and gas, and a trust fund in order to compensate for the losses of depositors and to provide citizens with the ٢٠٢٣ VIII National Convention 5 ٢٠٢٣ VIII National Convention necessary services. We call for unanimity among the Lebanese around this type of economy, in order to achieve prosperity which will become for all a field of competition between them, a substitute for their conflicts and which will put an end to the era of divergences, antagonisms and divisions, and achieve a stability that will reassure citizens about their future. III - The entity: a unique homeland We are a cause-driven party that has taken on the mission of preserving Lebanon as one unique country. Unique by the specificity of its components, its message and its balances. Unique in the equality of its partnership, the flexibility and tenacity of its people. Unique in its freedom, which is the reason for its existence; it is surrounded by crises, in the midst of which it constantly struggles to preserve its sovereignty and independence. That is why it is our duty, all of us, as Lebanese, to establish a system based on global sovereignty. Sovereignty in its broadest sense, which is not only sovereignty in terms of borders, rights and territory, but also sovereignty of national decision-making, sovereignty of laws, of justice, of the effective judicial system, where all Lebanese are called to realize their sovereignty in making decisions and choices. And if the Lebanese wish to be equal in their Lebaneseness, effectively sovereign in their decisions, truly free in their choice and truly independent in their will, they must start a dialogue among themselves and propose solutions to their problems without any sponsor or external tutelage. We see in ourselves a model for this: we are a party that is sovereign in its character, independent in its nature and free in its decisions. Sovereignty, freedom and independence are ingrained in our national genes.
Our belonging is to Lebanon and our loyalty is to it alone. We believe that its strength lies in its diversity, which is the source of its cultural and social richness. We believe in independence and practice it, but we reject isolation and condemn it. Our diverse Lebanon is a message of openness, communication and interaction with the East, the Gulf and the Mediterranean.
From the point of view of sovereignty, we wish to cooperate with our close environment but also with the remote one in which our compatriots are dispersed, and who have the right to recover the nationality of their homeland, to vote and to run for elections where they are, in a district of their own; this is the category whose remittances provide essential support to our economy and livelihoods. On the other hand, it is imminent to keep our youth and future generations away from despair and emigration, and to educate and value them so that they become a hard core for the homeland.
Our starting point is the partnership and the national consensus among the Lebanese, and any imbalance at this level shakes the balance of Lebanon. A balanced partnership constitutes a mutual guarantee between the Lebanese as well as a force of protection for them; by losing it they will turn into fearful beings who distrust each other. A balanced and equitable partnership establishes a state of truth and strong institutions through their political, external, exclusive monetary and defense centralization, and extended administrative and financial decentralization.
This is the essence of the pact of national understanding, part of which ٢٠٢٣ VIII National Convention 7 ٢٠٢٣ VIII National Convention has been executed - which is good - and part of which has remained unexecuted, and which includes a section which has proven, with experience, as having to be modified and evolved in order to preserve Lebanon's unique identity and national consensus. In conclusion, we believe in a strong Lebanon and in the need to preserve all the elements of its strength, including the agreements that the Lebanese are building among themselves, provided that they are not made to the detriment of the country's interests, and that they are not temporary in their seasonality and interest.
We in the party seek to build national understandings in all directions and dimensions, in which Lebanon's interest comes first, then the interest of the party. One of the key elements of Lebanon's strength is its cultural identity, and any attack on its diversity, its characteristics and its particularity, whether through displacement, asylum or unnatural demographic change, constitutes an attack on all the components of the country. The collapse of any component means the collapse of them all and the downfall of the country, not to mention the dangers of any security upheaval. It remains that the Free Patriotic Movement, whether in a position of governance or opposition, whether it is on the sidelines or in a position of participation, will always carry the cause in its thoughts, in its heart and in its actions, and will continue to reflect the people's wishes, sorrows and hopes; the party will cleanse itself of all falsehoods stemming from its actions or wrongly attributed to it, so that it always remains a source of radiance and hope, no matter how strong darkness and despair are."

Abdallah contacts Ammar, denouncing attack on Maronite Sect's cemeteries in Sidon

NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Member of the “Democratic Gathering”, MP Bilal Abdallah, commissioned by the Gathering's Head, MP Taymour Jumblatt, contacted Saturday the Pastor of the Maronite Diocese of Sidon, Bishop Maroun al-Ammar, denouncing the attack and vandalism to which the sect’s cemeteries were subjected in the city.
Abdallah stressed that “all attempts to sow discord among the Lebanese have not and will not succeed.”

The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on April 01-02/2023
Pope Francis quips 'I'm still alive' as he leaves hospital. He was being treated in Rome for bronchitis
Nicky Harley/The National/Apr 01, 2023
Pope Francis was discharged on Saturday from a hospital in Rome where he was being treated for bronchitis, quipping: “I'm still alive.” The pontiff, 86, was taken to Gemelli Polyclinic on Wednesday after reportedly suffering breathing difficulties following his weekly public audience. He was treated with antibiotics, the Vatican said. The pope, who marked the 10th anniversary of his pontificate in March, has suffered a number of ailments in recent years. Pizza-eating Pope Francis set to leave hospital before Easter service, Vatican says Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni said on Friday that the Pope was expected to take part in this weekend's service for Palm Sunday — a major event that begins the Easter week celebrations. Holy Week, as it is known, includes a busy schedule of rituals and ceremonies that can be physically demanding, including a Good Friday nighttime procession by Rome's Colosseum. The dean of the college of cardinals, Giovanni Battista Re, has said a cardinal would help the Pope during the week's celebrations and take attend to altar duties. A similar arrangement was put in place last year, when the Pope sat to one side during some Easter events due to persistent knee pain, leaving it to senior cardinals to lead the Masses.


Iran’s Revolutionary Guards Say Officer Killed in Israeli Strike on Syria, Vows Revenge
London, Damascus – Asharq Al-Awsat/Saturday, 1 April, 2023
Iran's Revolutionary Guards have admitted that one of their officers was killed in an Israeli airstrike near the Syrian capital, Damascus, on Friday. The Guards vowed to retaliate, but the increasing frequency of Israeli airstrikes on Syria suggests that Israel is determined to confront Iran's strong presence in the country. Friday’s attack was the second strike near Damascus in two days. There was no immediate statement from Israel, which usually declines to comment on reports of strikes in Syria. “The Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has announced the martyrdom of guardsman Milad Haydari, one of the IRGC's military advisers and officers,” in the Israeli attack, the IRGC said in a statement reported by the official news agency, IRNA. The statement also criticized the international silence regarding “the ongoing violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of an independent member state of the UN.”It emphasized that Israel “will undoubtedly receive a response to this crime.” The air strike was the sixth attack by Israel in Syria this month, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Israel has for years carried out attacks against what it has described as Iran-linked targets in Syria, where Tehran's influence has grown since it began supporting President Bashar al-Assad in the civil war that began in 2011. Iran says its officers serve in an advisory role in Syria at the invitation of Damascus. Dozens of IRGC members including senior officers have been killed in Syria during the war, according to Reuters. Syrian state media said that Israel had attacked just after midnight, firing missiles that hit a site in the Damascus countryside. Syrian air defenses had shot down several missiles, it said, without mentioning any casualties. The Syrian foreign ministry also condemned Friday’s attack and said Syria stood ready to confront any further attacks. Iranian-backed groups, including Lebanon's heavily armed Hezbollah, and Iraqi paramilitary groups have positions around the capital and in Syria’s north, east and south.


Women to be prosecuted 'without mercy' for not wearing veils, says Iran's judiciary chief
Sky News/Sat, April 1, 2023
Women will be prosecuted "without mercy" if they are seen in public without a veil, Iran's judiciary chief has warned. Following protests in recent months, Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei said on Saturday: "Unveiling is tantamount to enmity with [our] values. "Those who commit such anomalous acts will be punished and will be prosecuted without mercy."He did not specify what the punishment would be, but violations of state laws on hijabs have seen people face arrest, fines, imprisonment and even the death sentence. Women across the country have been refusing to wear their headscarves following the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini in September. Ms Amini had been arrested for allegedly breaking the law on headscarves and died in police custody. Nationwide street protests were met with a severe police crackdown. Human Rights Activists, a group that has been tracking the crackdown from inside Iran, has reported more than 19,700 people being arrested during the demonstrations. Another group, Iran Human Rights (IHR) estimates that 500 of them, including 70 minors, were killed by the regime. Previously, Mr Ejei said that 22,000 people arrested during recent protests have now been pardoned. Iranian women have now moved their fight online, with many posting videos of themselves with their hair and bodies exposed. Under Iran's Islamic Sharia law, women are obliged to cover their hair and wear long, loose-fitting clothes to disguise their figures. Describing the veil as "one of the civilisational foundations of the Iranian nation" and "one of the practical principles of the Islamic Republic," the interior ministry said in a statement on Thursday that there would be no "retreat or tolerance" on the issue. The authorities are encouraging people to confront women who break hijab laws - something that has previously seen religious extremists physically attack them in public.


Yoghurt thrown over women in Iran for not covering their hair
Sky News/Sat, April 1, 2023
Two women in Iran who went into a store while not fully covering their hair had yoghurt thrown over them by a man, in an incident captured on video. CCTV footage showing the "yoghurt attack", believed to have taken place in the city of Shandiz in northeast Iran, has been spreading on social media. Iran's President Ebrahim Raisi insisted that the hijab is the law in the country, in response to the widely shared clip. It shows a man in a chequered shirt getting increasingly animated as he speaks to one of the women. He is then seen grabbing a pot of what is believed to be yoghurt and throwing it over the pair before being confronted by another man and pushed out of the store. Following the incident, the two women have been arrested for not covering their hair, according to judicial authorities. The man has also been arrested for insulting the women, public disorder and "unconventional promotion of virtue".
Authorities said the owner of the dairy shop, who confronted the attacker, had also been warned. Reports on social media showed his shop had been shut, although he was quoted by a local news agency as saying he had been allowed to reopen and was due to "give explanations" to a court. President Raisi said: "If some people say they don't believe [in the hijab]... it's good to use persuasion... "But the important point is that there is a legal requirement... and the hijab is today a legal matter." Women in Iran had already been warned by the regime's judiciary chief that they will be prosecuted "without mercy" if they are seen in public without a veil. Following protests in recent months, Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei said on Saturday: "Unveiling is tantamount to enmity with [our] values. "Those who commit such anomalous acts will be punished and will be prosecuted without mercy." Iran has been rocked by huge waves of protests following the death of Mahsa Amini in September. The 22-year-old Kurdish-Iranian woman died while in the custody of Iran's morality police.


Raisi says hijab is the law in Iran as unveiled women face 'yoghurt attack'
(Reuters)/Sat, April 1, 2023
President Ebrahim Raisi said on Saturday that the hijab was the law in Iran after a viral video showed a man throwing yoghurt at two unveiled women in a shop near a holy Shi'ite Muslim city. Growing numbers of women have defied authorities by discarding their veils after nationwide protests that followed the death in September of a 22-year-old Iranian Kurdish woman in the custody of the morality police for allegedly violating hijab rules. Security forces violently put down the revolt. Judicial authorities in a town near the northeastern city of Mashhad issued arrest warrants for the man seen pouring yoghurt over the heads of the two women, a mother and her daughter. They were also the subject of arrest warrants for flouting Iran's strict female dress rules, state media reported. Risking arrest for defying the obligatory dress code, women are still widely seen unveiled in malls, restaurants, shops and streets around the country. Videos of unveiled women resisting the morality police have flooded social media. In live remarks on state television, Raisi said: "If some people say they don't believe (in the hijab)... it's good to use persuasion ... But the important point is that there is a legal requirement ... and the hijab is today a legal matter." Authorities said the owner of the dairy shop, who confronted the attacker, had been warned. Reports on social media showed his shop had been shut, although he was quoted by a local news agency as saying he had been allowed to reopen and was due to "give explanations" to a court. Judiciary chief Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei earlier threatened to prosecute "without mercy" women who appear in public unveiled, Iranian media reported. "Unveiling is tantamount to enmity of (our) values," Ejei was quoted as saying by several news sites. Under Iran's Islamic sharia law, imposed after the 1979 revolution, women are obliged to cover their hair and wear long, loose-fitting clothes to disguise their figures. Violators have faced public rebuke, fines or arrest. Describing the veil as "one of the civilizational foundations of the Iranian nation" and “one of the practical principles of the Islamic Republic,” an Interior Ministry statement on Thursday said there would be no “retreat or tolerance” on the issue. It urged citizens to confront unveiled women. Such directives have in past decades emboldened hardliners to attack women without impunity.


Iran, Azerbaijan Exchange Accusations over an Israeli Proposal

Tehran, Baku, London - Asharq Al-Awsat/Saturday, 1 April, 2023
The Iranian Foreign Ministry condemned Israeli Foreign Minister Eli Cohen's statements regarding the agreement with his Azerbaijani counterpart on "forming a united front" against Tehran. Iranian Al-Alam TV quoted Foreign Ministry spokesman Nasser Kanaani as saying that Tehran sees the statements of the Israeli and Azeri foreign ministers as an "implicit affirmation of cooperation between the two anti-Iran sides," and demanded an explanation from the Azeri authorities in this regard. Kanani said that these remarks show "sinister intentions" of Israel to turn the territory of Azerbaijan "into a national security threat" for Iran.Azerbaijan quickly responded to the Iranian threats, saying Tehran would "never intimidate" Baku, according to a statement by the Foreign Ministry. The Ministry warned that the Iranian statement is the next step toward the crisis in the relations between Azerbaijan and Iran, adding that the Iranian-Armenian rapprochement "remains a threat to the entire region." "Over the past 30 years, Iran has, with its tacit consent, turned a blind eye to Armenia's occupation of Azerbaijani territories over the past 30 years." The Azeri Ministry stated that Iran ignored the occupation of Karabakh and East Zangazur and plundering these territories, the sale of stones demolished from houses in these territories in Iranian markets, and the destruction and destruction and desecration of 65 of the existing 67 mosques.
The statement concluded that despite the military support sent from Iranian territory to Armenia, the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan destroyed the occupying Armed Forces of Armenia in 2020. Last Wednesday, Azerbaijan opened an embassy in Israel in the presence of the two countries' foreign ministers. Relations between Azerbaijan and Iran were also tense after an attack on the Baku embassy in Tehran last January. On Thursday, Cohen said he had discussed with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides blacklisting the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organization. In a tweet about the meeting, he said they discussed boosting regional alliance and joint efforts to combat terrorism "in light of the Iranian attack on Israelis and Jews in Greece that was thwarted" last week. Cohen said earlier Thursday that he discussed with his Cypriot counterpart Constantinos Kombos what he called the battle against the terrorist regime in Tehran that threatens regional stability. He indicated that the Iranian regime "threatens both our regions, finances terrorism, and destabilizes the entire Middle East," adding that he asked the foreign ministers of Greece and Cyprus to move to declare the IRGC a terrorist organization in the EU.
On Thursday, Azerbaijan denounced the "defamatory" statements by a top Iranian military commander in the latest indication of strained relations between the two neighbors. The Ministry of Defense said that Iranian Ground Force Commander Brigadier General Kioumars Haidari said that ISIS terrorists fought for Azerbaijan and were still present in the country. The Ministry said that Haidari made vile defamatory, and slanderous statements regarding Azerbaijan, saying they were "unfounded and completely unacceptable." In January, Azerbaijan closed its embassy in Tehran following a "terror attack" that killed the embassy's security chief. Baku is also not satisfied with signs of improvement in relations between Iran and Armenia after the 2020 war against Azerbaijan over the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. "The Iranian side had never made compromising statements about Armenia," read the statement, adding: "the Iranian-Armenian brotherhood strengthened during this period. It is obvious that in the world, there are two main allies of Armenia, one of which is France, and the other is Iran."

Azerbaijan to Open Representative Office in Ramallah
Tel Aviv – Asharq Al-Awsat/Saturday, 1 April, 2023
The President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, sent a letter to the Palestinian President, Mahmoud Abbas, confirming his country's desire to boost bilateral ties and open a representative office soon, according to sources in the Palestinian presidency. The message was delivered by Azeri Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov, who was at the Palestinian presidency in Ramallah on Thursday. The sources said that Abbas briefed Bayramov and his accompanying delegation on the latest developments in the Palestinian territories, especially since Azerbaijan heads the Non-Aligned Movement. The President referred to Palestine's keenness to boost the solid historical relations with Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan recognizes the State of Palestine, which has an embassy in Baku. The Foreign Minister conveyed the greetings of Aliyev, stressing his country's desire to improve brotherly ties. Baku will soon open its representative office in Palestine, provide 25 scholarships for Palestinian students, and build a school in Nablus with Azeri funding. Before concluding his visit to the region, Bayramov laid a wreath at the tomb of the late Palestinian President Yasser Arafat and visited his museum. The Director General of the Yasser Arafat Foundation, Ahmed Suboh, and the director of the Yasser Arafat Museum, Mohammad Halayqa, briefed the Azerbaijani Minister and his accompanying delegation on the details of the shows at the museum. Bayramov asserted the close historical ties between Azerbaijan and Palestine, lauding the efforts of Arafat in consolidating them. Earlier, Bayramov opened an Azeri embassy in Tel Aviv and met with several Israeli officials, led by President Isaac Herzog, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and Foreign Minister Eli Cohen. He confirmed that Israeli-Azeri relations had moved to the highest cooperation and strategic and security partnership stages. Netanyahu stressed that there are common regional challenges between Israel and Azerbaijan in light of the regional security challenges and Iran's threat to regional stability.

Israelis still protest legal overhaul despite suspension
TEL AVIV, Israel (AP)/Sat, April 1, 2023
Tens of thousands of Israelis protested on Saturday against a controversial plan to revamp the country’s legal system, despite Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s suspension of the changes earlier in the week. The protesters gathered in Tel Aviv, Israel’s commercial hub on the Mediterranean, for the 13th weekly demonstration, raising Israeli flags and banners against what they said were plans to weaken the Supreme Court. Several smaller rallies took place in other towns and cities. The protests have been going on since Netanyahu’s government, the most right-wing in the country’s history, introduced the changes. But on Monday, Netanyahu delayed the overhaul plan that deeply divided the Israelis, saying he wanted “to avoid civil war” by making time to seek a compromise with political opponents. Protest organizers, however, vowed to keep up the pressure, calling for the plans to be scrapped. The proposal has plunged Israel into its worst domestic crisis in decades. Business leaders, top economists and former security chiefs have all come out against the plan, saying it is pushing the country toward an autocracy. Fighter pilots and military reservists have threatened not to report for duty, and the country’s currency, the shekel, has tumbled in value. The plan would give Netanyahu, who is on trial on corruption charges, and his allies the final say in appointing the nation’s judges. It would also give parliament, which is controlled by his allies, authority to overturn Supreme Court decisions and limit the court’s ability to review laws. Netanyahu has argued that the overhaul is needed to rein in a liberal and overly interventionist court of unelected judges. But his opponents say the package would damage the country’s system of checks and balances by concentrating power in the hands of Netanyahu’s allies. They also say that he has a conflict of interest as a criminal defendant.

Israeli police say killed man who grabbed gun, shot at them
Agence France Presse/Saturday, 1 April, 2023
Israeli police said Saturday they shot dead an Arab Israeli who grabbed a gun from an officer and fired it in a scuffle in the Old City of Jerusalem. Police said the attack took place around midnight near the Chain Gate, an access point to the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in Israeli-annexed east Jerusalem.
Officers stopped a suspect and, as he was being questioned, "the terrorist suddenly attacked one of the policemen", grabbing his gun "and managing to fire it," a statement said. "In a swift response of the officers who were in danger and struggling with the terrorist, they shot him," the statement said, adding medics later pronounced him dead. The suspect was identified as a resident of Hura, a Bedouin village in southern Israel. Passers-by reported hearing gunfire, and an AFP photographer saw scores of Israeli police deployed in the Old City at around 1:00 am (2200 GMT Friday). The attack occurred hours after thousands of Palestinians had packed the Al-Aqsa mosque compound on the second Friday of Ramadan for peaceful prayers. Israeli police said more than 100,000 faithful had gathered to pray at Islam's third holiest site, built on what Jews call the Temple Mount, Judaism's holiest site.
More than 2,000 police officers had been deployed throughout the city. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict had seen an upsurge of violence since the beginning of the year, raising fears of a flare-up during Ramadan. But the past 10 days since the start of the holy fasting month have seen a relative lull in violence.

Syria’s Foreign Minister Arrives in Cairo
Asharq Al-Awsat/Saturday, 1 April, 2023
Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Al-Mikdad arrived at the head of a delegation in Cairo on Saturday. This is his first visit to Egypt since he was named as Syria's FM. Senior officials from the Protocol Department and staff from the Syrian embassy in Egypt met Al-Mikdad upon his arrival to the VIP lounge at Cairo Airport. Earlier, SANA reported that Mikdad will visit Egypt upon the invitation of Egyptian foreign minister Sameh Shoukry, saying discussions will focus on "strengthening bilateral relations between the two brotherly countries, as well as the latest regional developments.”Shoukry visited Damascus on February 27, and conveyed to President Bashar al-Assad a message from President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, in which he affirmed Egypt’s solidarity with Syria and his pride in the historical relations between the two countries, highlighting Cairo's keenness to boost those ties.

UN Experts Call For Repatriating Detained Syria Children
Asharq Al-Awsat/Saturday, 1 April, 2023
UN-appointed human rights experts on Friday demanded an urgent repatriation of children from northeast Syria. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child and Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, UN Special Rapporteur on the protection and promotion of human rights while countering terrorism, released a joint statement, as the detained children enter their fifth year of detention. “It is now time to bring them home,” they said. “Many children are now entering their fifth year of detention in northeast Syria, since they were detained by the de facto authorities following the fall of Baghouz in early 2019.”
They called on all actors to ensure the immediate safety and protection of all children, regardless of their location in northeastern Syria to prevent them from suffering further harm. Al-Hol and Roj are the two largest locked camps for women, girls, and young boys, holding about 56,000 individuals, including 37,000 foreign nationals. Over half of the population in the camps are children, of which 80 per cent are under the age of 12 and 30 per cent under five. “These children are victims of terrorism and of very serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and must be treated with dignity in all contexts, whether armed conflict or terrorism,” the experts said. “Safe return to their home countries, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, is the only solution and must be prioritized.

Pakistani army says 4 troops killed by Iran-based militants
ISLAMABAD (AP)/Sat, April 1, 2023
A militant attack from across the border with Iran left four Pakistani soldiers dead Saturday in southwestern Baluchistan province, the army said. The soldiers were part of a routine border patrol operating along the Pakistan-Iran border when the militants struck in the Jalgai sector of Kech district, the military said in a statement.There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack. The army said necessary contact was being established with Iranian officials for “effective action against terrorists” to prevent such incidents in the future. It identified the casualties as Sher Ahmed, Muhammad Asghar, Muhammad Irfan and Abdur Rasheed. On Friday, a Pakistani soldier was killed in an exchange of fire with militants in North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, the army said. There was no immediate of responsibility for that attack, either. In January, Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif condemned the killing of four security officials along the border with Iran in Baluchistan. He said: “We expect Iran will ensure that its soil is not used for cross border attacks.”

UN Security Council concerned over Russian nuclear weapons in Belarus
Agence France Presse/Sat, April 1, 2023
The U.N. Security Council was divided as Western nations expressed concern about Moscow's announcement it will deploy tactical nuclear weapons in neighbouring Belarus, but permanent Council member Russia remained defiant. China and Brazil, for their part, condemned nuclear proliferation in general as the Council met to discuss the March 25 announcement from Russian President Vladimir Putin. "This is a further blow to the arms control architecture, to strategic stability in Europe, and to international peace and security," French Ambassador Nicolas de Riviere said at the meeting requested by Ukraine, which has been fighting off a Russian invasion for more than a year. "Let us be clear: No other country has raised the prospect of nuclear use in this conflict," said Deputy British Ambassador James Kariuki, referring to the Ukraine invasion. "No one is threatening Russia’s sovereignty," he added, condemning Putin's statement as "his latest attempt to intimidate and coerce." "This has not worked and will not work. We will continue to support Ukraine’s efforts to defend itself," he said. Russia, however, stuck to its position that there was no difference between what it plans to do in Belarus, and NATO's deployment of American nuclear weapons in Europe. Western allies have called the analogy "misleading."China and Brazil warned of the dangers of nuclear proliferation. "Two wrongs do not make a right," said Brazilian Ambassador Ronaldo Costa Filho. "Reacting to a nuclear sharing arrangement or to any other perceived nuclear threat by the placement of weapons in a non-nuclear weapon state also constitutes a breach of NPT obligations," he continued, referring to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. "This is a race to the bottom that makes nobody safe, regardless of who made the first move." China bluntly demanded "no deployment of nuclear weapons abroad by all nuclear weapon states and the withdrawal of nuclear weapons deployed abroad." For its part, the U.N.'s high representative for disarmament, Izumi Nakamitsu, called for all states to "avoid taking any actions that could lead to escalation, mistake or miscalculation." Ukraine had sought the meeting to counter what it described as Russia's "nuclear blackmail." Fears of a nuclear war have been rising since the invasion. Experts believe that any Russian strike would likely involve small-size battlefield weapons, called "tactical" as opposed to "strategic" high-powered long-range nuclear weapons. Russia will start training crews on April 3 and plans to finish the construction of a special storage facility in Belarus for tactical nuclear weapons by July 1. Ex-Soviet state Belarus said on Friday that it was also ready to host strategic weapons.

Kyiv says Russian UN Security Council presidency is 'symbolic blow'
KYIV, April 1 (Reuters)/Sat, April 1, 2023
A top Ukrainian official on Saturday criticised the 'symbolic blow' of Russia assuming the rotating presidency of the United Nations Security Council. "It's not just a shame. It is another symbolic blow to the rules-based system of international relations," Andriy Yermak, the Ukrainian president's chief of staff, wrote in English on Twitter. On Saturday Russia took over the presidency of the UN's top security body, which rotates every month. The last time Moscow held the post was in February 2022, when its troops launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The Kremlin said on Friday it planned to "exercise all its rights" in the role. The United States on Thursday urged Russia to "conduct itself professionally" when it assumes the role, saying there was no means to block Moscow from the post. Ukrainian official Yermak also hit out at Iran, who Kyiv and its allies accuse of supplying Russia with arms, including hundreds of assault drones which have menaced Ukrainian infrastructure facilities. Tehran denies supplying Russia with weapons. "It is very telling that on the holiday of one terror state – Iran - another terror state – Russia – begins to preside over the UN Security Council," Yermak wrote, referring to Iran's Islamic Republic Day holiday.

Germany rules out any further weapons deliveries to Ukraine
Arthur Scott-Geddes
The Telegraph/Sat, April 1, 2023
Germany’s Defence Minister has ruled out sending any further weapons or equipment to Ukraine, admitting that the Bundeswehr will already not be able to replenish its stocks by 2030. Blighted by chronic underinvestment since the end of the Cold War, the German army is now in even worse shape after having sent equipment, ammunition and vehicles like the Leopard 2 main battle tank to the battlefields of Ukraine. “To put it bluntly, like other nations, we have a limited inventory,” said Boris Pistorius. “As federal Defence Minister, I cannot give everything away,” he told German broadcaster Welt. Gaps in the military will be impossible to bridge by 2030, he added. The German government wants to grow the Bundeswehr to a 200,000-strong force and spend €130 billion on new equipment by the end of the decade. “We all know that the existing gaps cannot be completely closed by 2030. It will take years, everyone is aware of that,” he said. Mr Pistorius said increasing the defence budget to reach the Nato spending target of two per cent of national output, from currently around 1.5 per cent, was his highest priority. “If that is then set in motion at the end of the [legislative] period, then I would be satisfied,” he added. Mr Pistorius, who became defence minister after his predecessor stepped down after a series of political blunders, has inherited the fraught task of rebuilding Germany’s ailing military after decades of neglect.Rebuilding the military is a crucial component of Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s vision for a “zeitenwende”, or turning point, in German policy.
Defence budget is lagging
Three days after Russia invaded Ukraine, Mr Scholz announced the creation of a €100 billion fund to turn the Germany military into the most powerful in Europe. However, more than a year later, the German military remains beset by shortages of equipment and personnel. Only around €13 billion of the fund has been allocated so far, with Germany’s regular defence budget also lagging behind inflation. Eva Högl, the parliamentary armed forces commissioner, has estimated that modernising the Bundeswehr would cost at least €300 billion. An annual report on the armed forces produced by the commission last month revealed the extent of the problem facing Mr Pistorius and those involved in the modernisation effort. It uncovered widespread shortages of even basic equipment such as clothing, with soldiers frequently complaining about uncomfortable uniforms. The German army was also found to be desperately short of effective communications equipment like radios, as well as crucial gear used to protect troops from the effects of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons.

Trump 'shocked' by indictment but 'ready to fight'
Agence France Presse/April 1, 2023
Donald Trump's legal team went on the offensive following his historic indictment, vowing the former president would never seek a plea deal and was ready "to fight" all charges. The 76-year-old Trump, who is hoping to recapture the White House in 2024, chimed in with attacks on the prosecutors who brought the charges against him and even the judge expected to hear the case."ELECTION INTERFERENCE, KANGAROO COURT!" Trump posted on his social media platform Truth Social, adding that Juan Manuel Marchal, the judge who may preside over an eventual trial, "hates me."Trump is to be booked, fingerprinted and will have a mugshot taken at a Manhattan courthouse on Tuesday afternoon before appearing before a judge as the first ever American president to face criminal charges."The president will not be put in handcuffs," said Joe Tacopina, one of Trump's attorneys, adding that he does not believe prosecutors will "allow this to become a circus." Tacopina said the hush-money case being brought by Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg against Trump faces "substantial legal challenges" and the former president would plead not guilty. There is "zero" chance Trump would accept a plea deal, he told NBC's Today show. "It's not going to happen. There's no crime."Trump, who is currently at his palatial Mar-a-Lago residence in Florida, was initially "shocked" at the indictment, his attorney said, but "he's now in the posture that he's ready to fight this."
'No comment'
Trump's pending arrest throws a political grenade into next year's White House race and President Joe Biden sidestepped questions from reporters about the indictment of the Republican he beat in 2020 and could potentially face again in November of next year. "I have no comment on Trump," Biden said. A New York grand jury indicted Trump on Thursday over a $130,000 hush-money payment made to a porn star to buy her silence during his 2016 campaign. Trump has denied any wrongdoing and accused Bragg, a Democrat, of waging a "political witch-hunt" to derail his new White House bid. In predicting his indictment, Trump called for protests and warned it could lead to "potential death and destruction" for the country. And in a statement, the ex-president said he had already raised $4 million for his 2024 presidential campaign in the 24 hours following news of the indictment.
Extra security has been deployed for days around the downtown Manhattan courthouse where Trump is to be booked and arraigned, with the New York Police Department saying Friday there were "no current credible threats" to the city.
Trump survived two impeachments while in the White House and kept prosecutors at bay over everything from the U.S. Capitol riot to missing classified files -- only to land in court over a sex scandal involving Stormy Daniels, a 44-year-old adult movie actress. He faces felony investigations in Georgia relating to the 2020 election and in Washington over both the classified files and the January 6, 2021 attack on the Capitol by his supporters.Top Republicans have rallied around the former president who remains the favorite to win the party's 2024 presidential nomination.
- 'Outrage' -
Kevin McCarthy, the top House Republican, said the indictment had "irreparably damaged" the country. Trump's former vice president and possible 2024 challenger Mike Pence called it an "outrage" that would only "further serve to divide" the United States. Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, another likely 2024 Republican rival, slammed the indictment as "un-American." On the Democratic side, former House speaker Nancy Pelosi said "no one is above the law" and Representative Adam Schiff -- lead prosecutor of Trump's first impeachment -- called it "sobering."
"The indictment and arrest of a former president is unique throughout all of American history," Schiff said. "But so too is the unlawful conduct for which Trump has been charged."Trump's ex-lawyer Michael Cohen told Congress in 2019 that he made the payment to Daniels on Trump's behalf to hide a 2006 tryst and was later reimbursed. The grand jury that indicted Trump was asked to consider if there had been a cover-up intended to benefit his campaign by burying the scandal. The impact of the indictment on Trump's 2024 election chances is unpredictable but Senator Lindsey Graham, a staunch Trump ally, said it would benefit the former president. "From a political point of view, it's going to solidify Trump's standing in the Republican Party," Graham told The Washington Post.

China Draws Lessons From Russia’s Losses in Ukraine, and Its Gains
Chris Buckley/New York Times/April 1, 2023
TAIPEI, Taiwan — Thousands of miles from the cities that Russia is bombing in Ukraine, China has been studying the war. In an indirect struggle between two superpowers on the other side of the world, Beijing sees a source of invaluable lessons on weapons, troop power, intelligence and deterrence that can help it prepare for potential wars of its own. In particular, Chinese military analysts have scrutinized the fighting for innovations and tactics that could help in a possible clash over Taiwan, the island democracy that Beijing wants to absorb and the United States has at times pledged to defend. Sign up for The Morning newsletter from the New York Times. The war is a “proving ground,” they say, that gives China a chance to learn from successes and failures on both sides. The New York Times examined nearly 100 Chinese research papers and media articles that deliver assessments of the war by Chinese military and weapons-sector analysts. Here is some of what they have covered:
— With an eye on China’s development of hypersonic missiles, which can be highly maneuverable in flight, they have analyzed how Russia used these weapons to destroy an ammunition bunker, a fuel depot and other targets.
— They have studied how Ukrainian troops used Starlink satellite links to coordinate attacks and circumvent Russian efforts to shut their communications and warned that China must swiftly develop a similar low-orbit satellite system and devise ways to knock out rival ones.
— They have argued that President Vladimir Putin of Russia deterred Western powers from directly intervening in Ukraine by brandishing nuclear weapons, a view that could encourage expansion of China’s own nuclear weapons program.
Ukraine has offered “a new understanding of a future possible world war,” Maj. Gen. Meng Xiangqing, a professor at the National Defense University in Beijing, wrote in the Guangming Daily newspaper in January. He also wrote, “Russia’s strategy of nuclear deterrence certainly played a role in ensuring that NATO under the United States’ leadership did not dare to directly enter the war.”Pentagon officials have said that Russia’s troubled invasion serves as a stark warning to China against risking a war over Taiwan, which lies about 100 miles off its coast. Russian forces have been dogged by shortfalls of weapons and ammunition and failures in intelligence, resulting in stalled advances and the heavy loss of soldiers’ lives. Some Chinese analysts have been blunt in their views of how Russia has foundered.
“The shortcomings that have been exposed in the Russian military’s logistics and supplies should be a focus for us,” said an article in a magazine published by China’s agency for developing major military technology. It said that China had to prepare for similar challenges “when we consider future sea crossings, the seizure of islands” and other hazard-filled operations — an implicit reference to taking Taiwan. Ultimately, though, studying Russia’s mistakes may bolster China’s conviction that it could prevail in a possible conflict, said foreign experts who study the People’s Liberation Army. China’s official military budget of $225 billion is nearly three times as big as Russia’s, and China’s vast manufacturing and technological capacity means it can produce plenty of advanced drones and other weapons that Russian forces have lacked.
“They’re going to try to roll those lessons into their training, officer education and doctrine, which is undergoing a revision right now,” said Joel Wuthnow, a senior research fellow at the National Defense University in Washington who has studied how the People’s Liberation Army may be learning from the war in Ukraine. “This was a wake-up call that things may look easy in field training and on paper, but when you meet the enemy, things get very messy very quickly.”
China has not fought a major war for 40 years, since Deng Xiaoping sent forces into neighboring Vietnam, and its military scholars study other countries’ conflicts with a particular diligence. The war in Ukraine is especially significant for China because it involves an indirect contest pitting Russia, a close partner of Beijing, against the United States and its allies supporting the Ukrainian forces. China is “close to this war in a way that wasn’t true of the Iraq or even Afghanistan wars,” said Lyle J. Goldstein, an expert at Defense Priorities, a think tank in Washington, who has been studying Chinese assessments of the war in Ukraine. “They see themselves potentially in Russia’s shoes in more or less going to war against America.”
Some Chinese experts have said that Russia’s difficulties marshaling enough infantry troops suggest that China needs to keep its ground forces strong and large, even while it expands those of sea and air. Russia’s experience showed that “a great power must maintain ground forces of a reasonable scale, otherwise it will lose its advantage on the battlefield,” Wu Dahui, a former military researcher now at Tsinghua University in Beijing, wrote this year.
Russia’s failures in supplying its forces with swift, reliable intelligence about Ukrainian movements have also prompted Chinese analysts to urge People’s Liberation Army forces to learn how to better use drones, communications and satellites in battle.
“Russia wasn’t able to scale up different operations, partly because of the lack of intelligence coordination and sharing,” said Bonny Lin, the director of the China Power Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. “China may now try to engage in exercises that are a much larger scale of complexity.”More broadly, Russia’s troubles in Ukraine appear to have hardened official Chinese views that Beijing, like Moscow, is the focus of a U.S.-led campaign of “hybrid warfare” that includes economic sanctions, technological bans, information campaigns and cyberattacks.
“The United States and West have seized on this conflict to engage in the total political negation, all-out diplomatic suppression and full cultural isolation of Russia,” Gao Yun, a researcher at China’s Academy of Military Sciences, one of the elite institutions that shapes war planning, wrote in the People’s Liberation Army’s main newspaper. “As well as fierce clashes of blood and fire on the battlefields, the combat in the realm of information and perceptions is equally intense.”
As Ukraine’s successes mounted, Chinese military analysts have focused on the equipment and intelligence that NATO countries have provided Ukraine to help fight Russian forces. China was most likely monitoring the thousands of Stinger, Javelin and other missiles that Ukraine has acquired and weighing what would happen as Taiwan built up its stocks, said Goldstein, who also teaches at Brown University.
“I believe that the Chinese are watching all this very carefully and adding the numbers up and making a calculation,” he said. Another fixation of Chinese military analysts has been Ukraine’s use of Starlink, the satellite service operated by SpaceX, with some suggesting that Beijing should establish a similar system of its own. Starlink has helped Ukrainian forces maintain communications and direct attacks even where digital infrastructure has been wiped out. Chinese military analysts have blamed the inability of Russian forces to cut Starlink for its troubles on the battlefield. Starlink satellites are cheaper to launch and operate than traditional satellites. Inspired by Ukraine, Taiwan has also begun studying the technology.
“Faced with the threat of Starlink,” Chinese rocket and military researchers said in a study, “we must develop and build our own low-orbiting satellites.” Chinese army engineering scientists, in a paper also cited in a recent Reuters report, suggested that the United States could use such technology in a conflict with China. “Not a moment can be spared in developing ‘soft kill’ and ‘hard kill’ measures against low-orbit satellite arrays,” the scientists wrote — in other words, ways to sabotage or destroy the satellites. Chinese military analysts appear to also be drawing lessons relevant to Beijing’s nuclear buildup. They have argued that Putin’s nuclear threats were effective in keeping President Joe Biden and NATO from directly entering the war. In a potential invasion of Taiwan, Beijing would consider how it might deter Washington, which has pledged to help the island defend itself and could directly intervene in a military conflict. “From this it can be seen that nuclear forces are how a great power displays its stature,” two Chinese rocket researchers wrote in one article about Russian strategy. China has denounced the use of nuclear weapons in the war and vows that it would never initiate an attack with nuclear weapons. Even so, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, indicated last year that China will keep expanding its nuclear arsenal, which now has more than 400 warheads, still far fewer than the number held by Russia or the United States. China’s nuclear arsenal could grow to about 1,000 warheads by 2030, according to the Pentagon. Putin’s menacing gestures may set an example for Chinese leaders, said Wuthnow of the National Defense University. “My main worry is a miscalculation” over nuclear threats, Wuthnow said. “Xi could come to believe that the U.S. and its allies could be easily sidelined in a Taiwan conflict. But this would likely be an error in judgment.”

High activity spotted at North Korea nuclear complex after Kim's bomb-fuel order-report

WASHINGTON (Reuters)/Sat, April 1, 2023
Satellite images show a high level of activity at North Korea's main nuclear site, a U.S. think tank reported on Saturday after the North Korean leader ordered an increase in production of bomb fuel to expand the country's nuclear arsenal. The Washington-based 38 North North Korea monitoring project said the activity it had spotted, based on images from March 3 and 17, could indicate that an Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR) at the Yongbyon site was nearing completion and transition to operational status.The report said the images showed that a 5 megawatt reactor at Yongbyon continued to operate and that construction had started on a support building around the ELWR. Further, water discharges had been detected from that reactor's cooling system. New construction had also started around Yongbyon's uranium enrichment plant, likely to expand its capabilities. "These developments seem to reflect Kim Jong Un's recent directive to increase the country's fissile material production to expand its nuclear weapons arsenal," the report added, referring to the North Korean leader. On Tuesday, North Korea unveiled new, smaller nuclear warheads and vowed to produce more weapons-grade nuclear material to expand its arsenal, while denouncing stepped up military exercises by South Korea and the United States. Its state media said Kim had ordered the production of weapons-grade materials in a "far-sighted way" to boost the country's nuclear arsenal "exponentially." It is unclear whether North Korea has fully developed miniaturized nuclear warheads needed to fit on smaller weapons it has displayed and analysts say perfecting such warheads would most likely be a key goal if it resumes nuclear testing for the first time since 2017. South Korea and the United States have warned since early 2022 that North Korea may resume nuclear testing at any time. In a report last year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) estimated North Korea had assembled up to 20 nuclear warheads, and probably possessed sufficient fissile material for approximately 45–55 nuclear devices.

Eight Indians & Romanians lost their lives while trying to illegally enter the US
NNA/Sat, April 1, 2023
Canadian police announced Friday that the bodies of eight people of two families were found in a swamp on Canadian soil after trying to enter the United States illegally. They belong to two different families, one Canadian-Roman and the other Indian. "Eight bodies were recovered from the water," local police chief Sean Dollod told a news conference on Friday. After the discovery of the bodies of six people on Thursday, including a child under the age of three, "two other bodies were found, a Canadian infant of Romanian origin and a woman who apparently holds Indian nationality," according to Duloud. Canadian authorities believe that these two families were trying to enter the United States illegally from Canada.

The Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on April 01-02/2023
د. ماجد رفي زاده/معهد جيتستون: بفضل إدارة بايدن الملالي الإيرانيون هم المنتصرون في الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا
Thanks to Biden Administration, Iran's Mullahs Winners of Russia Invasion of Ukraine
Majid Rafizadeh/Gatestone Institute/April 01/2023
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/117060/117060/
Russia also reportedly wants to buy ballistic missiles from Iran, which has the largest and most diverse ballistic missile arsenal in the Middle East. The Iranian regime therefore should officially be considered an accomplice to Russia's war crimes.
The Iranian regime, probably because it knows that the Biden administration will not take any action, is ratcheting up its engagement and weapons exports to Russia.
"President Biden's leadership is non-existent.... Look at what's happening right now with unemployment — eight million jobs are unfilled right now, and President Biden just ushered through a partisan bill to pay people billions of dollars not to work when eight million jobs are unfilled right now. We're paying people not to work, and they're borrowing money from our kids and our grandkids to do it.... We're seeing inflation starting to go through the roof. Our country is less secure. Look at what's happening around the world — the Middle East, Iran — who the President wants to let back into an agreement to get a nuclear weapon. [The Iranians are] helping funnel these bombs that are being shot into Israel. I mean where is the President's leadership on any of these crises?" – US Rep. Steve Scalise, Fox News, May 2021.
The Iranian regime was, from the outset, in favor of the Russian invasion and praised Russia's decision to send troops into Ukraine. Since then, it has become a major weapons exporter to a global power – not limited to exporting just drones. Pictured: Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iran's President Ebrahim Raisi hold a meeting in Tehran on July 19, 2022. (Photo by Sergei Savostyanov/Sputnik/AFP via Getty Images)
Since Russia invaded Ukraine, the Biden administration has been running out the clock, allowing the ruling Islamist mullahs of Iran to prosper from the war and emerge as the winners. According to a January 2022 report:
"[T]he United Nations has reported at least 6,919 civilian deaths and more than 11,000 wounded as a result of the war in Ukraine and estimates the actual figures to be much higher. Approximately 6.5 million Ukrainians are internally displaced, and about 5 million have fled as refugees to European countries. About 2.8 million Ukrainians are in Russia and Belarus, in some cases against their will."
The Iranian regime was, from the outset, in favor of the Russian invasion and praised Russia's decision to send troops into Ukraine. Since then, it has become a major weapons exporter to a global power – not limited to exporting just drones.
According to a recent report from Sky News:
"Iran has secretly supplied large quantities of bullets, rockets and mortar shells to Russia for the war in Ukraine and plans to send more, a security source has told Sky News.
"The source claimed that two Russian-flagged cargo ships, departed an Iranian port in January bound for Russia via the Caspian Sea, carrying approximately 100 million bullets and around 300,000 shells.
"Ammunition for rocket launchers, mortars and machine guns was allegedly included in the shipments.
"The source said Moscow paid for the ammunition in cash."
Iran's supply to Russia of drones and other weapons is, in addition, providing the mullahs with a great opportunity to perfect their drone and military systems as well as to profiting financially from the arms exports.
Iran's regime also reportedly sent troops to Crimea to assist Russia in its attacks on Ukraine's infrastructure and civilian population, and to increase the effectiveness of suicide drones. Even the White House admitted on October 20, 2022 that it had evidence that Iranian troops were "directly engaged on the ground" supporting Russia's drone attacks in Crimea.
Russia also reportedly wants to buy ballistic missiles from Iran, which has the largest and most diverse ballistic missile arsenal in the Middle East. The Iranian regime therefore should officially be considered an accomplice to Russia's war crimes.
Since the Russian invasion, according to Human Rights Watch:
"Russian forces have repeatedly carried out disproportionate and indiscriminate bombing and shelling of civilian areas. These attacks destroyed and severely damaged homes, businesses, schools, health care institutions, and other facilities. Over 2,700 educational institutions have been damaged, more than 300 beyond repair."These attacks have struck many hospitals, including at least one children's hospital in Chernihiv, a maternity hospital in Kharkiv, and a maternity ward in Vilniansk. As of October, the World Health Organization had confirmed more than 700 attacks on healthcare facilities, personnel, and vehicles, which killed at least 200 people.
"Many of these attacks on civilian areas have been with explosive weapons with wide area affects, including cluster munitions, unguided aerial bombs, and guided missiles."
The Iranian regime, probably because it knows that the Biden administration will not take any action, is ratcheting up its engagement and weapons exports to Russia. As US Representative Steve Scalise (R-La.) put it in May 2021:
"President Biden's leadership is non-existent. And you just mentioned a number of crises that we're seeing. The crisis at the border has become very evident. The President still won't acknowledge [sic] and go down to the border. Gas prices are through the roof, and people are now waiting in line. There was a major hack by Russia likely. President Biden doesn't want to confront that. You're looking at home prices, right now because of lumber prices going through the roof. An average home is over $36,000 more than it was a year ago. Look at what's happening right now with unemployment — eight million jobs are unfilled right now, and President Biden just ushered through a partisan bill to pay people billions of dollars not to work when eight million jobs are unfilled right now. We're paying people not to work, and they're borrowing money from our kids and our grandkids to do it. We've seen this on every front, and the economy is really in a delicate spot. We're seeing inflation starting to go through the roof. Our country is less secure. Look at what's happening around the world — the Middle East, Iran — who the President wants to let back into an agreement to get a nuclear weapon. [The Iranians are] helping funnel these bombs that are being shot into Israel. I mean where is the President's leadership on any of these crises?"
*Dr. Majid Rafizadeh is a business strategist and advisor, Harvard-educated scholar, political scientist, board member of Harvard International Review, and president of the International American Council on the Middle East. He has authored several books on Islam and US Foreign Policy. He can be reached at Dr.Rafizadeh@Post.Harvard.Edu
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France Is Furious
Cole Stangler/The New York Times//April 01/2023
“This government just does not listen to us,” said Renald, a 50-year-old electrical mechanic at the Port of Marseille, as his co-workers assembled a barricade this week on the route leading to a fuel depot. “There’s a deep anger here.”
That anger is unlikely to have been assuaged by President Emmanuel Macron’s televised interview on Wednesday. Breaking his near silence on the pension overhaul that has plunged France into strikes and protests, he defended the legislation as an economic necessity. A no-confidence vote that he narrowly survived in the National Assembly on Monday has clearly done little to instill penitence. Against the people — a majority of whom oppose the overhaul, which would raise the retirement age by two years, to 64 — the president is doubling down.
Some still hope the bill might be stopped. After all, there is a precedent for the French government retracting an unpopular law in the face of mass protests, as occurred in 2006. And the overhaul still needs to survive examination from France’s Constitutional Council, the country’s highest court, which may ask questions about the dubious way it was carried out.
Yet if the government gets its way, as seems probable, it will be a Pyrrhic victory. The damage of the past weeks can’t be undone. Mr. Macron has burned bridges with potential allies, poisoned relations with possible negotiating partners and rallied a majority of the French public against him. To judge from Thursday’s wave of strikes, which hit everything from oil refineries in Normandy to public buses in Nice, the discontent isn’t going anywhere.
Quite simply, it’s now going to be harder for Mr. Macron to govern. Without a majority in the National Assembly, his Renaissance party has relied heavily on support from the right-wing Republicans since the legislative elections last summer. But 19 Republican deputies backed the motion of no confidence. After such an unmistakable act of defiance, it’s difficult to imagine the party teaming up with the Élysée Palace on major changes in the immediate future.
More important, the president has lost the trust of the French public, exhausting whatever good will remained after his re-election by ignoring — once again — that millions voted for him out of a desire to prevent his far-right opponent from taking power. Thanks to his pension overhaul, Mr. Macron’s approval ratings have fallen below 30 percent. Calls to clean up trash on the streets of the capital may fire up the president’s wealthy urban base, but they’ve fallen on deaf ears for most of the country, which has little in common with moneyed Parisians.
Today’s political moment feels very similar to the early phases of the Yellow Vest movement in 2018, when a proposed hike in the fuel tax unleashed weeks of demonstrations. Then, too, there was simmering anger from households struggling to make ends meet, widespread support for disruptive protest and a stunning aloofness from the people in charge. As in the early days of that conflict, Mr. Macron went weeks without publicly addressing the pension battle at length, forcing his prime minister to take the heat instead. His first major address on the topic since protests began was panned by critics as tone-deaf and condescending.
“There’s a form of disconnect,” Laurent Berger, the general secretary of the country’s largest labor confederation, the C.F.D.T., which prides itself on its ability to negotiate and compromise, told me. “There needs to be an end to this verticality where only a precious few are right and everybody else is wrong.” That obstinacy has pushed France into a political crisis — one that raises questions over the very architecture of the Fifth Republic and the extensive power it hands the head of state. How is it possible for a president without a parliamentary majority to ram through such an unpopular policy?
With Mr. Macron ignoring pleas to organize a referendum or hold new legislative elections, calls to reform France’s political institutions could grow louder. One remedy, as the historian and political scientist Patrick Weil has suggested, could be to increase the amount of time between the presidential and legislative elections. That would allow French voters — as they did before 2002 — to weigh in on the president’s tenure through de facto midterm elections. The demand from the left-populist party France Unbowed to create a Sixth Republic that would rein in the power of the presidency may begin to look more appealing.
In the meantime, protests are becoming more disruptive: Activists have blocked highway traffic, descended on rail yards and led nightly marches. Mr. Macron’s camp has complained about the confrontational tactics, and the president has even drawn parallels to the Jan. 6 riot at the US Capitol. It’s a fanciful comparison. Demonstrators are responding to a government that has repeatedly ignored public opinion, pleas from moderate labor unions and large conventional street protests. And as the French know from their own history, from 1789 and 1968 to the Yellow Vests, direct action with a popular mandate often gets results — even if it’s loud and unruly.
Renald, the mechanic, put it best. “This government doesn’t want to negotiate,” he told me outside the fuel depot. “Well, at a certain point, they’re going to find themselves up against people that don’t want to negotiate, either.”

Is the Region on the Cusp of a New Phase?
Ramzy Ezzeldin Ramzy/Asharq Al Awsat/April 01/2023
The month of March appears to be a consequential month for the Arab world. Over the past decades a number of events with far-reaching consequences for the region have taken place during this month.
Amongst these events is the US invasion of Iraq. This month we commemorated the 20th anniversary of this tragic event. An event that not only brought untold misery to the people of Iraq but had far reaching implications for the Arab world as well as the international system at large.
While the month of March up until this year evoked tragic memories for the Arabs, March 2023 holds the promise of positive change.
Two important developments have taken place that could have the potential to break the cycle of wars and destruction as we will explain later in the article.
Many Iraqis were convinced that freedom and human dignity can only be attained with the overthrow of the ruling autocratic regime. For some the only way to achieve this objective was with the help of foreign military intervention.
The invasion of Iraq may have brought an end to a brutal dictatorship but in the process dismantled a proud nation without replacing it with a system that provides the freedom, security, the respect for human dignity and prosperity that the Iraqis aspired to achieve.
Many Iraqis are asking themselves the question: are we better off today than we were 2003?
Some 300,000 Iraqis lost their lives and according to former Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi since 2003, more than $600 billion has been siphoned off to away from the development of the country to enrich few individuals. Is it not ironic that Iraq an oil rich country lacks sufficient funds to finance its economic development and imports energy from Iran. Moreover, the tragedy is compounded by the fact that a functioning democratic system that delivers on the aspirations of the Iraqi people remains elusive.
So maybe it is time to contemplate the lessons learned from the bitter experience the Iraqi people have had to endure over the past 20 years.
First, while Iraqis had - and continue to have - legitimate grievances, it is obvious that seeking support from foreign quarters does not produce the desired results. Quite the contrary, outside intervention has unleashed a cycle of violence, terrorism, sectarian conflict and corruption.
This is not surprising given the historical precedents of foreign military interventions: US invasion of Cuba in 1898 and Haiti in 1915, and the Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. All these interventions undermined the independence of these countries and shunted their political development. But more than anything else the people paid - and continue to this day - pay a heavy price.
Second, the US military intervention has weakened the nation state in Iraq. First by dismantling state institutions that - in spite of their deficiencies- were able to manage the diverse interests of the people in a manner that most Iraqis tolerated. Second, by introducing a constitution based on sectarianism. The result was that sectarianism came to dominate politics in Iraq, pitting Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds against one another. But also, and probably more dangerously, it cast its sinister shadow over the politics of other parts of the region.
Third, the excessive dependency on the diaspora to bring about the change has proved to be misplaced. Although the Iraqi diaspora were well-versed in democratic practices, most were detached from the prevailing realities in the country and therefore, have been unable to spearhead political change.
Fourth, the lack of an active Arab role has been a complicating factor. Without Arab support, Iraq has been unable to effectively deal with the interventions of the US, Iran and Türkiye.
In short, the lessons derived from the US invasion of Iraq can be summarized in positive political change can only come from within a country, that foreign military interventions have long-term catastrophic consequences, and the lack of an Arab role in the search for political settlements exacerbates conflicts and opens the door to even more foreign interventions in Arab affairs and thereby undermines Arab interests in the long-term.
Now fast forward to March 2023 where two events have taken place that have the potential to reserve the catastrophic consequences of the US invasion of Iraq and to reshape the future region.
Since the invasion of Iraq, the concept of the nation state in the Middle East has come under severe stress. Today we are witnessing a newly discovered attachment to the concept of the nation state by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom is adopting a new narrative about the Saudi state that stretches into prehistory. The Kingdom similar to all nation states is a product of a combination of different factors: people, territory, layers of history and culture, as well as Islam as the foundational principle of the modern nation state. The commemoration of the Flag Day for the first time on March 11 stands testimony to this important development.
The second is the normalization of ties between Saudi Arabia and Iran. This could have far-reaching consequences for not only the region, but also the relationship of the region with the outside world. But probably more importantly it could very well put an end to the sectarianism that has plagued the region for so long. This development in the Saudi attitude should be viewed within the context of Riyadh’s astute handling of its relations with the US, China and Russia, as well as managing both its oil policy and its international financial policy as we have seen lately with the crisis with Credit Suisse.
Although sectarianism has long been a feature of the Middle East, the governance systems over centuries and particularly since the advent of the nation state in the 20th century have been able to manage sectarianism. What we have witnessed lately is the transformation of the phenomenon into persistent armed conflicts not among countries, but more dangerously within countries.
Sectarianism took its new devastating form over the past 40 years. The 1979 Iranian revolution opened the door to the revival of the schism between Shiite and Sunni Islam and gave it a modern political form as witnessed in the Iran-Iraq war.
The US invasion of Iraq exploited this rivalry to create an Arab front against Iran, but more dangerously transplanted/ encouraged sectarian politics in a combustible local environment, pitting Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds against one another.
Now with the process of normalization between Saudi Arabia and Iran, hopefully a reconciliation between Sunni and Shiite Islam will take place opening the door to achieving political solutions to the complex situations in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon.
Could the Arab world be at the cusp of an important change? After a period of disarray, largely due to lack of leadership, excessive dependency on the outside powers, corrosive sectarianism, but now with the renewed attractiveness of the concept of the nation state and an awareness of the dangers of foreign interventions, could the Arab countries rediscover that their strength is in their cooperation?
Time will tell if the Arab countries are able to depend on themselves to help Iraq to overcome its problems, take the initiative in finding political solutions to the crisis in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon, in articulating a common vision for a regional security architecture and shaping intra-Arab relations on tangible common economic and political interests, not on emotions and slogans.

Israel… The Game and the Players

Nabil Amr/Asharq Al Awsat/April 01/2023
Israel’s professional politicians have taken their fierce and stubborn dispute to the corridors of the political system. The president has been the mediator, and all sides have kept their weapons, and despite temporarily delaying work on their main issue - the “judicial reform” - the majority in the Knesset continued to work on separate problematic laws.
The opposition continues to take to the streets as they vie to cancel the reforms after having imposed a temporary pause... They are now discussing this, and no one is certain of where the dialogue will lead.
The coalition government is the biggest loser. Its influence on the street has waned and it has been isolated by traditionally supportive global powers, especially its ultimate supporter (the White House). Indeed, the US administration has shown its support for the opposition by postponing the crowning of Netanyahu in Washington and endorsing the Israeli president’s initiative, which the coalition government has rejected and sees as a proposed solution put forward by a party to the conflict rather than a president to everyone.
The internal balance of power internally, as well as the US administration, is in the opposition’s favor. This has incensed Netanyahu, especially after the US administration withdrew the invitation that had been announced by its ambassador in Tel Aviv. The decision to rescind the invitation pushed Netanyahu to take their dispute public and scold President Biden (who is encroaching on Israel’s independence and freedom to make its own decisions)!
Israeli domestic politics is a game played on shifting sands, and Netanyahu has yet to realize that the sand has pulled him from his position as king. He is now in a weaker position, whether within his camp or at the national level. For the first time, opinion polls have indicated that the country favors Benny Gantz, the star of the opposition, and his (disciplined) party would lose ten seats in general elections if they were held tomorrow.
Netanyahu relies on past achievements. In the past, nothing could undermine the credit he had built with the electorate, and he is behaving as though he were still the master of the game and its players. He has not walked back on a policy that is deepening his crisis and eroding his credibility. Immediately after having been dealt a blow in the battle to reform the judiciary, he initiated another battle as he sought to buy Ben Gvir’s loyalty at the expense of the security establishment’s unity by offering a private militia, not batting an eye as he tore up state institutions and used them to further his own ends.
Hasn’t Netanyahu realized that he had to bribe Smotrich with the defense ministry to get the Religious Zionist Party’s votes? He could well continue to tear the country apart if that is the price of a coalition partner’s loyalty. These partners have ruthlessly and audaciously exploited his reliance on them, going so far as to weaken the foundational pillars of the Israeli state.
Netanyahu has a habit of squeezing past crises, even when there seems to be no way out. However, there isn’t enough cunning in the world to get him out of this mess.
A third domestic actor stands on the sidelines, largely boycotting the popular movement, the Palestinian Arabs of Israel.
Several explanations for why they decided to stand aside have emerged. Nonetheless, something of a consensus on this issue has emerged over the past three months.
The Palestinian citizens of Israel feel excluded from the movement, which they said has not addressed their concerns because it has ignored their cause and demands... Most of them found the popular protest slogan of “justice” neither compelling nor fair. The discrimination they suffer from and are struggling to overcome is an affront to democracy. There is also a deeper and more consequential factor, solidarity with their fellow Palestinians, whose occupation the protest movement has not raised a single slogan to denounce. The two million Palestinian citizens of Israel, a fifth of the population, are not sitting in the stands because they have the luxury to do so or because they are indifferent.
Rather, they are making a political statement to draw attention to their demands by pushing their fellow citizens to ask themselves why the Palestinians are boycotting this broad movement... Despite being a minority in Israeli society, they have refused to be mere acolytes of the protesters or a stockpile of votes that competitors draw from every election season.
So far, the boxing match between local actors seems far finished... Whether by decision or knockout.
Nonetheless, while the direction it will take is uncertain, it is clear that Israel stands at a major crossroads. Let us always keep in mind the theory of shifting sands that govern the game and control the players.

US needs to keep its allies to preserve the dollar as a global reserve system
Nadim Shehadi/Arab News/April 01, 2023
The past decade or so has seen American withdrawal from several conflict zones with little appetite seen for military engagement or involvement in global disputes.
The power of the US now rests almost solely on the status of the US dollar as a global reserve currency, allowing it to use sanctions and exert pressure on countries. In order to maintain this, it must also keep its allies invested in that system.
In fact, the US dollar is more than a currency. There is a whole system built around it. Sovereign financial instruments, be they currency or bonds, are also political documents that have behind them institutional arrangement, credible legal frameworks, international alliances as well as military, political and economic power. Any merchant who invested in Ottoman or Austrian bonds before the First World War learned that lesson the hard way.
But the dollar system is still solid, the only game in town, and there are no indications of its demise. On the contrary, during financial crises, people still rush to it for safety. Istanbul bazaar traders, in these times of inflation, convert their Turkish lira to dollars almost daily as a store of value. This is partly an intangible faith in its value and convertibility and mainly because there is no credible alternative.
This was tested in 1981 when the US dollar lost about two thirds of its purchasing power through stagflation and still maintained that status. I remember left-wing student organizations celebrating the end of American capitalism in conferences 42 years ago.
Debt ceilings can be raised multiple times and the country will be immune to financial crises as long as it can print its currency and there is global demand for it. No matter what its share of international trade is, other currencies traded have to pass through dollar-based convertibility to be credible; even gold is priced in dollars. The world as we know it needs a currency of reference such as the dollar. There is no substitute. Furthermore, the dollar is not only a currency, it is also a platform for trade and payment and dispute resolution, mainly through American courts. To understand this, imagine having to resort to Russian or Chinese courts to resolve disputes. It took two world wars to dislodge British sterling from that position, and the whole post-Second World War international institutional arrangements as well, as much of international trade is reliant on the dollar since it was adopted as the global reserve currency at the Bretton Woods conference. That established the current international order and its institutions — such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the International Trade Organization. It would take a huge upheaval in the international system to dislodge the dollar.
Having said that, the very fact that we are asking these questions means that the process has begun. We are seeing numerous alliances being formed to combat the dollar: Every time the US uses sanctions against a country or blocks it from using the SWIFT financial transfers network controlled by the US Treasury or other dollar-based instruments; every time it freezes dollar-based assets, it pushes more actors to start looking for alternatives. Who knows what will happen with central bank digital currency if it also moves to interbank operations. No state can defeat the dollar on its own but alliances are forming with that sole purpose. A hostile collapse of the US dollar would have dire consequences on the interdependent global economy and, most of all, on the US itself.
When states have an incentive to move away from any instruments or bonds that the US can seize at leisure or displeasure, that system is no longer safe — even America’s allies are worried. A friend’s father once said that ideally banking should be boring, now it is becoming dangerous.
Russia and China are leading the charge and are gathering allies through several mechanisms. One of them is the expansion of the BRICS alliance already composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The acronym was coined by Jim O'Neill, the former chief economist of the Goldman Sachs group who has recently called for its expansion — and there are already talks with several countries, including some major oil producers, to join it.
China leads the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, a Eurasian economic, political, security and defense bloc that is also seeking an expansion of its members. They are already discussing alternative arrangements that would hedge against US-dollar dominance. These efforts have increased with the Ukraine war and the stepping up of Russian-Chinese trade in yuan. The global economy is also going through a period of instability. In the past 12 years, especially since 2011, we have witnessed increasing protest movements that represent cracks in the post-Second World War system. In the 1980s, when we spoke of a global debt crisis it was understood to mean the debt of developing countries. In 2023, we automatically also think of some of the leading economies such as Japan and the UK, as well as the PIIGS group in Europe composed of Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain, with Greece having the highest debt to GDP ratio of close to 178 percent. The US is again immune to this but the consequences of a large-scale global crisis remain unpredictable.
There is a new generation that is questioning that world order. A generation that still pays taxes but gets fewer services than the previous one and is expected to shoulder the debt burden their parents’ generation has created. The 20th-century welfare state has sold them short. They don’t have faith in official figures, they see that survival on current salary levels is impossible. Economists are the last people to offer solutions; Greece and Argentina have the world’s best economists and the worst economies. The next change in the global order could be the result of financial implosion rather than a world war.
The US has also been losing influence in regions it is withdrawing from, and many of its friends have doubts about its reliability as a guarantor of their security and protection. Within the US itself there are also growing voices that question its role as a superpower and its ability to lead a stable global order. Even the Europeans are not satisfied with the current security arrangements. America forgot how much it depends on its allies. The recent Chinese-brokered agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran is but one indication of this phenomenon.
If the demise of the dollar is still difficult to imagine, it is also equally challenging to think of its power as eternal. The US should review its strategy and work with its friends and allies and maintain its soft power to ensure that when change happens, it will be managed. A hostile collapse of the US dollar would have dire consequences on the interdependent global economy and most of all, on the US itself.
• Nadim Shehadi is a Lebanese economist.