English LCCC Newsbulletin For Lebanese, Lebanese Related, Global News & Editorials
For  January 21/2026
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani
#elias_bejjani_news

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Bible Quotations For today
Jesus Chooses 4 of his Disciples, Peter & Andrew his brother, & James Son Of Zebedee & His Bother, John
Holy Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Saint Matthew 04/18-25: “As he walked by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the lake for they were fishermen. And he said to them, ‘Follow me, and I will make you fish for people.’ Immediately they left their nets and followed him. As he went from there, he saw two other brothers, James son of Zebedee and his brother John, in the boat with their father Zebedee, mending their nets, and he called them. Immediately they left the boat and their father, and followed him. Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people. So his fame spread throughout all Syria, and they brought to him all the sick, those who were afflicted with various diseases and pains, demoniacs, epileptics, and paralytics, and he cured them. And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.”

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on January 20-21/2026
Video & Text: Commemorating the Annual Brutal Damour Massacre/Elias Bejjani/January 21, 2025 From 2025 Archive
On Naim Qassem’s Speech: Insolence, Delusion, and Street-Level Vulgarity in Open Rebellion Against Lebanon and the World/Elias Bejjani/January 19/ 2026
Spiritual & Historical Reflections on the Annual Feast of Saint Mar Matanios – The Hermit Mor Mattai/Elias Bejjani/January 17/2026
Aoun hails disarmament progress: ‘Lebanon achieved in 1 year what it had not seen in 4 decades’
Israel strikes Zebqine in south Lebanon, wounding one person
Aoun Hails State Control of Arms and Pledges Continued Reforms
Report: Aoun and Haykal vow to act in N. Litani prior to Washington visit
'What you see, not what you hear': Aoun says only army operating south of Litani
Berri says meeting with bin Farhan was 'excellent'
Report: KSA asks Bassil not to ally with Hezbollah in elections
Salam in Davos says discussed with UN 'more sustainable solutions' for Lebanon
Port blast indictment may be issued in two months
Lebanese Army Chief to Make Pivotal Visit to Washington Next Month
Lebanon and the Challenge of Re-Founding the State/Hanna Saleh/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
The sermon as a shield: How Hezbollah replaces politics with sanctity/Makram Rabah/English AlArabiya/January 20/2026

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on January 20-21/2026
Syria Gives Kurds Four Days to Accept Integration as US Signals End of Support
Syria Says Sharaa, Trump Discuss Kurdish Rights as Forces Deploy in Country’s North, East
PKK Says Will 'Not Abandon' Syrian Kurds
Syrian Interior Ministry: 120 ISIS Members Escape from Prison amid Clashes
US envoy says purpose of anti-Daesh alliance with Kurds ‘largely expired’
US signals end of military support for Syria’s Kurdish forces, urges integration
Spokesman for Iran’s Armed Forces Warns Trump Against Taking Action Against Khamenei
Iran FM Says Davos Appearance Cancellation Based On 'Lies'
Standoff with Iran over inspections cannot go on forever, IAEA chief says
Iran's protests in the dark: How credible is Germany's response?
Israel’s Netanyahu says no place for Turkish, Qatari soldiers in Gaza force
Israel orders Gaza families to move in first forced evacuation since ceasefire
Israeli authorities demolish UN compound in occupied East Jerusalem
Hamas Leaders Prepare for 'Safe Exit' from Gaza, Amid Doubts Over Return
Israeli crews target UN facilities for Palestinian refugees in east Jerusalem
European leaders endure a new level of public embarrassment as Trump dials up the insults
US to cut roughly 200 NATO positions, sources say

Titles For The Latest English LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on January 20-21/2026
The European Union's 'Woke Stasi Commissars': Europeans Turned into 'Second Class' Citizens/Guy Millière/Gatestone Institute/January 20, 2026
Sudan's War Has a Center of Gravity: The Muslim Brotherhood Behind al-Burhan's Regime/Robert Williams/Gatestone Institute/January 20/2026
Washington’s Human Rights Sanctions Against Tehran Won’t Halt Regime Brutality/Janatan Sayeh & Bridget Toomey/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
It’s Time To Rethink Al Udeid Air Base/Natalie Ecanow/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
The Islamic Republic Kills, Europe Does Nothing/Janatan Sayeh/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
The U.S. Designation of Jordan’s Muslim Brotherhood Needs To Be Strengthened/Ahmad Sharawi/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
Trump’s hesitation on Iran: Why a prompt strike, even if only symbolic, is crucial/Jacob Nagel/The Jerusalem Post/January 20/2026
Is the new Turkish-Saudi-Pakistani defense pact an attempt at an Islamic NATO or a strategic self-sabotage?/Sinan Ciddi, and William Doran/The National Interest/January 20/2026
Iran: Accelerated or Deferred Wars/Dr. Nassif Hitti/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
The Cheapest Solution/Samir Atallah/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Exciting Developments in the Yemeni File/Amal Abdulaziz al-Hazzani/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
A Fragile Year in Office for Lebanon’s President… Amid Global Earthquakes!/Eyad Abu Shakra/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Israel Won the War, So Why Is the Muslim Brotherhood Winning the Peace?/Hussain Abdul-Hussain/This is Beirut/January 20, 2026

The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on January 20-21/2026
Video & Text: Commemorating the Annual Brutal Damour Massacre
Elias Bejjani/January 21, 2025 From 2025 Archive
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/01/126200/

The memory of the Damour Massacre, perpetrated by the Syrian Assad regime, Palestinian terrorism, leftist and Arab nationalist groups, and jihadists on January 20, 1976, remains etched in the Lebanese, Christian, moral, national, and faith-based consciousness. It serves as a painful reminder of a brutal chapter in Lebanon’s history and the resilient struggle of its free Christian community.

On Naim Qassem’s Speech: Insolence, Delusion, and Street-Level Vulgarity in Open Rebellion Against Lebanon and the World
Elias Bejjani/January 19/ 2026
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/01/151257/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRlRrHRUmUg
Sheikh Naïm Qassem’s latest speech was not a mere slip of the tongue or a momentary emotional outburst. It was a blatant declaration of total estrangement from Lebanon as a state, and a brazen rebellion against the Lebanese people—their institutions, their decisions, and their national dignity. It was a speech drawn from the gutter language of the street, not from the position of a political leader, deliberately confrontational, crude, and saturated with arrogance and coercion.
When Qassem declares that Hezbollah’s weapons will remain “by force, over the necks of the Lebanese,” he is not expressing a political stance; he is effectively signing a document of internal occupation. That statement alone is sufficient to strip away all the masks of “resistance,” “protection,” and “defense of the homeland,” revealing the naked truth: we are facing an armed organization that views the Lebanese as subjects, not citizens, and sees the state as an obstacle to be smashed, not an authority to which it is accountable.
From Political Speech to Verbal Thuggery
What was labeled a “speech” was nothing more than a bundle of obscene, street-level insults and a reckless flight forward. Qassem did not debate, did not argue, did not reason. He insulted, threatened, and waved the specter of civil war, as if Lebanon were a private estate and Lebanese blood merely a bargaining chip.
He targeted the President of the Republic, attacked the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and appointed himself guardian over the government, ordering it either to submit, to silence itself, or to change course. This is not the language of leadership; it is the language of a militia in distress. It is not a sign of strength, but of weakness and fear. The tighter the noose grows around the party’s regional patron in Tehran, the louder the shouting becomes in Beirut’s southern suburbs, Hezbollah’s stronghold. And the closer Lebanon comes to a serious reckoning over placing weapons exclusively under state authority, the more Qassem emerges threatening that “not one stone will be left upon another.”
Weapons: From “Resistance” to Burden and Threat
The most dangerous aspect of Qassem’s speech is not merely its vulgarity or its detachment from reality and actual capabilities, but its open contempt for everything Lebanese—national sovereignty, civil peace, and its servile submission to Iranian dictates.
He trivialized and leapt over international resolutions, trampled the Armistice Agreement that binds Lebanon and prohibits any armed organization outside state legitimacy, mocked Arab and international consensus, ignored Israel’s military power, and insulted and derided the will of the vast majority of Lebanese who want a normal state—without rogue weapons and without militias that know nothing but stupidity, hatred, and the glorification and sanctification of suicidal death.
When Qassem challenges the state and declares his weapons beyond any discussion, he implicitly admits that these weapons no longer serve any national purpose. They serve only one function: protecting the party’s apparatus and its mini-state, even if that comes at the ruins of Lebanon itself.
Branding Sovereignty as Treason… to Cover Defeat
Qassem reverted to the easiest weapon of all: accusations of treason. Anyone who demands state sovereignty is a “traitor.” Anyone who works through diplomacy is a “tool.” Anyone who rejects his weapons is “inciting civil war.” But the truth is far too clear to be concealed by insults: the party’s project has reached a dead end. The illusions of “victory” can no longer feed a hungry people, rebuild a destroyed city, or rescue a collapsed economy.
What Comes After This Defiance?
After this speech, silence is no longer an option, and evasiveness is no longer acceptable. What Naïm Qassem said imposes firm and unequivocal steps on the Lebanese government—not vague, grey statements:
The immediate expulsion of Hezbollah and Amal Movement ministers from the government, because anyone who threatens the state cannot be a partner in governing it.
A clear and official declaration of the end of the state of war with Israel, and an end to its use as a pretext for retaining weapons.
The designation of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization at the national level, consistent with its threatening and insurrectionary behavior.
The arrest of Hezbollah leaders involved in threatening civil peace and their referral to the judiciary, rather than rewarding them with positions of power.
Conclusion
Naïm Qassem’s speech was not a defense of “resistance,” but a declaration of open hostility toward Lebanon. It was not a show of strength, but a fit of political panic. It was not directed at Israel or the outside world, but at the Lebanese themselves—as if to tell them: “The state is finished, and we are the alternative.”
Here lies the crux of the matter: Either a state, or Naïm Qassem. Either the rule of law, or the logic of “by force, over your necks.”History does not forgive the hesitant.

Spiritual & Historical Reflections on the Annual Feast of Saint Mar Matanios – The Hermit Mor Mattai
Elias Bejjani/January 17/2026
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2026/01/151190/
Who Is Saint Mar Matanios?
Saint Mar Matanios, known in the Syriac tradition as Mar Matthew the Hermit (Mor Mattai), is one of the pillars of Eastern monasticism in the fourth Christian century and the founder of the renowned Monastery of Mar Mattai near Nineveh. He is regarded as one of the great ascetics who contributed to strengthening the faith and spreading monastic life in the Church of the East. The Syriac and Maronite Churches commemorate his annual feast on January 17.
Historical Timeline and Biography
Year of birth: approximately the first quarter of the fourth century (c. 300–305 AD)
Place of birth: the city of Amida (Diyarbakir) in Mesopotamia
Social background: from a family of status and influence, in a non-Christian environment
Conversion to Christianity: in his youth, following a profound spiritual experience that led him to faith in Christ
Entrance into monastic life: around 330–335 AD
First place of ascetic life: the mountains and wilderness near Nineveh (present-day Iraq)
Foundation of the monastery: the nucleus of the Monastery of Mar Mattai around 363 AD, which later became a major monastic and spiritual center
Year of death: approximately 410–420 AD
Place of death: in his monastery near Nineveh
Recognition of sainthood (canonization): not by a conciliar decree as in the Latin concept, but by the consensus of the Church and living tradition since the fifth century; his name was included in the Syriac and Maronite Synaxaria
His Ascetic and Monastic Life
Mar Matanios chose the path of total renunciation, living a strict ascetic life of fasting and vigil, constant prayer, inner silence, obedience, and humility, rejecting all worldly glory. Many disciples gathered around him, and his ascetic experience developed into an organized monastic movement that became one of the foundations of Eastern Syriac monasticism.
His Miracles According to Church Tradition
The Synaxaria and spiritual biographies affirm that God glorified His saint through many miracles, most notably the healing of the sick from incurable physical illnesses, the casting out of evil spirits through prayer and the sign of the Cross, the protection of believers and monks during times of persecution and turmoil, and numerous miracles through his intercession after his death, especially for the sick and the weak. These miracles are understood as signs of the saint’s union with God, not as ends in themselves.
His Impact on Church and Monastic Life
Monastic impact:
The establishment of the model of communal monasticism in the East
The formation of generations of monks and bishops
The transformation of the Monastery of Mar Mattai into a spiritual and theological school
Ecclesial impact:
The strengthening of Christian faith in religiously diverse regions
The consolidation of Syriac spiritual and liturgical identity
The offering of a living witness of holiness that drew believers to the Church
What the Maronite Synaxarion Says About the Saint
The Maronite Synaxarion presents Saint Mar Matanios as a holy ascetic monk who abandoned wealth and worldly glory, dwelt in the wilderness out of love for Christ, founded a monastery that became a beacon of holiness, and became renowned for his powerful prayer and miracles. The Church celebrates his feast annually on January 17, highlighting his ascetic virtues and effective intercession.
The Relationship of Saint Mar Matanios with Lebanon
Although the saint’s life unfolded in Mesopotamia, his veneration reached Lebanon through the Syriac–Maronite tradition. This is manifested in churches bearing his name according to local tradition, ancient churches and monasteries dedicated to him in Mount Lebanon and the North, especially in areas influenced by Syriac heritage, as well as altars or side altars dedicated to him in some Maronite churches.
Monasteries:There is a spiritual bond between Maronite monasteries in Lebanon and Syriac monasticism that originated from the School of Mar Mattai. His name is mentioned in liturgical books and monastic biographies circulated in monasteries. It is worth noting that the spread of his name in Lebanon is primarily spiritual and liturgical rather than directly historical.
Asceticism, and love are the true path to the salvation of humanity and of nations
While, Saint Mar Matanios remains a witness that holiness shapes history, and that the ascetic monk can be a father to generations and nations. On his glorious feast, the Church renews her faith that prayer, asceticism, and love are the true path to the salvation of humanity and of nations.
A Prayer to Saint Mar Matanios for Lebanon
O Saint of God, Mar Matanios, you who knew the path of peace in the heart of the desert, and who made prayer a wall and a protection, we ask you today for wounded Lebanon: protect its people from wars and destruction, ward off every occupation, domination, and terrorism, bring an end to violence, killing, and corruption, and deliver it from all the forces of evil that have disfigured its face and suffocated its freedom.
Intercede, O Saint of God, that peace may return to the Land of the Cedars, that the state may rise in truth and justice, and that the Lebanese may live in dignity and security. Amen.
Clarifying Note: This text refers to Saint Mar Matanios (Mar Matthew the Hermit), founder of the Monastery of Mar Mattai near Nineveh in Mesopotamia, and should not be confused with Saint Matanios the Desert Dweller who lived in the Egyptian wilderness, as they are two distinct saints belonging to different ecclesial traditions.
NB: The information in this study is cited from various documented ecclesiastical, theological, research, and media references.
*The author, Elias Bejjani, is a Lebanese expatriate activist
Author’s Email: Phoenicia@hotmail.com
Author’s Website: https://eliasbejjaninews.com

Aoun hails disarmament progress: ‘Lebanon achieved in 1 year what it had not seen in 4 decades’
NAJIA HOUSSARI/Arab News/January 20, 2026
BEIRUT: Lebanese President Joseph Aoun confirmed on Tuesday that the country’s armed forces “are now the sole operational authority south of the Litani River, despite doubts, accusations of treason, insults and slander.”Speaking at the Presidential Palace in Baabda during a traditional New Year meeting with members of the diplomatic corps and the heads of international missions, he highlighted what he viewed as Lebanon’s achievements since he took office on Jan. 9, 2025. The government’s approval in August and September last year of plans to bring all weapons in the country under state control, and ensure the authority of the state across all Lebanese territory using its own forces, was “no minor detail,” he said. “Lebanon achieved in one year what it had not seen in four decades,” he added, as he recalled taking office in a “deeply wounded state” that has suffered decades of institutional paralysis and economic crises. Despite campaigns of distortion, intimidation and misinformation, and Israel’s failure to abide by the November 2024 ceasefire agreement, the changed reality on the ground over the past 12 months speaks for itself, he said. “The truth is what you see, not what you hear,” Aoun said, pointing out that “not a single bullet was fired from Lebanon during my first year in office, except for two specific incidents recorded last March, the perpetrators of which were swiftly arrested by official authorities.”The army carried out “extensive operations” to clear large areas of the country of illegal weapons regardless of who controlled them, the president continued, in line with the terms of the Nov. 27 ceasefire agreement with Israel, which he described as “an accord Lebanon respects and that was unanimously endorsed by the country’s political forces.”These efforts reflected a determination to spare the country a return to the “suicidal conflicts that have come at a heavy cost in the past,” he added. Aoun stressed his commitment during the second year of his presidency to restoring control of all Lebanese territory to the exclusive authority of the state, securing the release of prisoners, and the reconstruction of war-ravaged areas.
He said that southern Lebanon, like all of the country’s international borders, would fall under the sole control of the Lebanese Armed Forces, putting a definitive end to any attempts “to draw us into the conflicts of others, even as those same parties pursue dialogue, negotiations and compromises in pursuit of their own national interests.”
The Lebanese Army Command announced early this month the completion of the first phase of its plans to disarm nonstate groups south of the Litani River. The government is now awaiting an army report next month detailing its next steps. Gen. Rodolphe Haykal, the army’s commander, has said that the plan “does not have a specific time frame for completing this phase, which encompasses all Lebanese regions.”A Lebanese official confirmed to Arab News that the army now has exclusive control of territory south of the Litani River, and no other armed forces or military factions have a presence there. Aoun’s affirmation of his determination to “stay on course” came two days after Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem gave a sharply worded speech that delivered both implicit and explicit rebukes aimed at the president and Foreign Minister Youssef Raji. His criticisms focused on their efforts to take control of weapons north of the Litani River, following a declaration by Aoun that “the time for arms is over,” a position that Hezbollah vehemently rejects in what appears to be an attempt to derail the gradual, phased disarmament strategy embraced by the Lebanese government and the international community. Progress in the efforts of the military to take control of all weapons in the country hinges on securing vital logistical support for the country’s armed forces, a condition tied to the International Conference for Supporting the Lebanese Army and Internal Security Forces, which is due to take place on March 5 in Paris.
Aoun told the diplomats that the conference is the result of efforts led by the international Quintet Committee supporting Lebanon: the US, Saudi Arabia, France, Qatar and Egypt. Archbishop Paolo Borgia, the papal ambassador to Lebanon, speaking in his role as dean of the diplomatic corps, said that the current crisis in the country serves “as a harsh test” that must remind political leaders of their duty to prevent history from repeating itself.
He called for respect for all electoral processes as a vital part of any nation’s democratic life, and for “genuine peace without weapons, one that can disarm enemies through the convincing power of goodness and the strength of meeting and dialogue.”He added: “Those holding the highest public offices must give special attention to rebuilding political relationships peacefully, both nationally and globally, a process grounded in mutual trust, honest negotiations and faithful adherence to commitments made.”

Israel strikes Zebqine in south Lebanon, wounding one person
Naharnet
/January 20/2026
A man was wounded in an overnight Israeli strike on the southern town of Zebqine, the health ministry said Tuesday. The strike comes as Israel intensified its attacks on Lebanon, despite a ceasefire reached in November 2024, a week after the Lebanese army said it had completed disarming Hezbollah south of the Litani River. On Monday, the Israeli army conducted a series of strikes on at least five villages -- Ansar, Zarariyeh, Kfar Melki, Nahr al-Shita and Buslaya, all in south Lebanon north of the Litani river. Later on Tuesday, Israeli soldiers entered the southern border towns of Kfarkela and Markaba and detonated three houses, two of them in Kfarkela near the village square.

Aoun Hails State Control of Arms and Pledges Continued Reforms

This is Beirut
/January 20/2026
President Joseph Aoun stressed on Tuesday that the Lebanese government last year took a historic step by endorsing a plan aimed at confining weapons to state authority and extending state control over Lebanese territory exclusively through its own forces, calling the move a major turning point despite the challenges of implementation. Addressing members of the diplomatic corps and representatives of international organizations accredited in Lebanon, Aoun said the plan was approved between August 5 and September 5 of last year, describing it as an unprecedented shift in Lebanon’s modern history. “Let me say frankly that in this field we have achieved what Lebanon has not known for 40 years,” he said. Aoun emphasized that security on the ground reflects this shift, noting that no shots were fired from Lebanese territory during the year of his presidency, with the exception of two isolated incidents last March, whose perpetrators were swiftly arrested by state authorities. “The truth is what you see, not what you hear,” he said, adding that for more than ten months the Lebanese Army and the armed forces alone have effectively controlled the area south of the Litani River.
Reflecting on his first year in office, Aoun said he assumed responsibility for a “deeply wounded state” after two decades of institutional paralysis following Lebanon’s second independence in 2005. He underscored that the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have undertaken “enormous tasks” to clear large areas of illegal weapons of all kinds and affiliations, in line with the November 27, 2024 agreement, which he described as an international commitment that Lebanon fully respects. The president said the measures were driven not only by adherence to international agreements, but by Lebanon’s own national interest, in order to avoid “suicidal adventures” that have exacted a heavy toll in the past. He pledged to continue on this path in the second year of his presidency, aiming to restore full state authority over all Lebanese territory, secure the return of detainees, and rebuild what was destroyed by attacks and reckless ventures. Aoun stressed that southern Lebanon, like all of the country’s international borders, must be placed exclusively under the control of the armed forces, “putting an end once and for all to any attempt to draw us into the conflicts of others on our land.”He welcomed the setting of a date for an international conference to support the Lebanese Army and the Internal Security Forces, crediting the efforts of the United States, Saudi Arabia, France, Qatar and Egypt within the Quintet Committee, alongside other friendly nations. The conference is scheduled to be held in Paris on March 5 under the patronage of French President Emmanuel Macron. On the domestic front, Aoun highlighted what he described as major progress on reforms, including the adoption of the long-awaited Judicial Independence Law and the establishment of regulatory authorities for key sectors long left vacant, enabling corruption and political clientelism. He also pointed to the reconstitution of legitimate authorities through the holding of municipal and local elections for the first time in nine years, and vowed to proceed with parliamentary elections later this year. Concluding his remarks, Aoun expressed optimism for the year ahead, telling diplomats that when they meet again around the same time next year, Lebanon’s achievements will be greater, its circumstances improved, and its people enjoying increased prosperity and stability.

Report: Aoun and Haykal vow to act in N. Litani prior to Washington visit

Naharnet
/January 20/2026  
President Joseph Aoun and Army Commander General Rodolphe Haykal have committed to taking “a certain step in the North Litani region,” al-Akhbar newspaper reported on Tuesday. The step will take place “prior to Haykal’s travel to Washington next month,” the pro-Hezbollah daily added. Haykal is scheduled to visit Washington from February 3 to 5, media reports said on Monday. Haykal will present to Washington detailed military maps, and a list of Hezbollah sites and tunnels, local TV network MTV said. According to the channel, Haykal will also give deadlines for the implementation of the disarmament plan. In November, a visit by Haykal was canceled just hours before he was set to depart for Washington, after U.S. officials and senators criticized the Lebanese Army and its chief, accusing them of not doing enough to disarm Hezbollah. The cancellation included all high-level meetings at the Pentagon and Congress, as well as an official reception at the Lebanese Embassy.

'What you see, not what you hear': Aoun says only army operating south of Litani
Naharnet
/January 20/2026  
President Joseph Aoun stressed Tuesday in a press conference his commitment to disarm Hezbollah and implement the state's monopoly on arms. "We want the south only under the army's control," Aoun said, as he welcomed foreign diplomats and ambassadors at the Baabda palace. "We want to rebuild all what has been destroyed as a result of attacks and adventures."Aoun said his goal on the international level, was "to restore Lebanon to its natural place and position within the Arab fold, as well as within international and global legitimacy." "This is what I have consistently worked to do, step by step, through ten visits to brotherly Arab nations, four to friendly European countries, and through my participation in three Arab, Islamic, and international events."Aoun said the Lebanese army is today the only armed force south of the Litani river after it disarmed Hezbollah there, invoking a phrase used by former Hezbollah leader Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, "the truth is what you see, not what you hear"."What we have seen with our own eyes is that not a single bullet has been fired from Lebanon during the year of my presidency. This confirms that only the Lebanese Army is operating south of the Litani River."

Berri says meeting with bin Farhan was 'excellent'
Naharnet
/January 20/2026  
To Saudi Arabia, it is important that the Lebanese decisions come from the Lebanese state, Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri said. Berri seemed satisfied about a meeting he had with Saudi envoy Prince Yazeed bin Farhan. He told Assas news portal, in remarks published Tuesday, that his meeting last week with bin Farhan was "excellent.""To the Saudis it is crucial that the decision-making power (in Lebanon) belong to the Lebanese state," Berri said, adding that he agrees with Saudi Arabia on this. "This is also our position."Berri said that to Saudi Arabia, the implementation of the president's inaugural speech and the ministerial statement -- which both called for the state's monopoly on arms -- is essential."I am in favor of implementing them," he said.

Report: KSA asks Bassil not to ally with Hezbollah in elections

Naharnet
/January 20/2026  
Saudi envoy Prince Yazid bin Farhan made a “notable” visit last week to Free Patriotic Movement chief Jebran Bassil during his talks in Beirut, ad-Diyar newspaper said. FPM sources told the daily that the meeting witnessed “a satisfactory atmosphere that can be capitalized on to repair the relation with the kingdom, especially amid Bassil’s advanced and clear stances on arms monopolization.”Informed sources meanwhile said Bassil may visit the kingdom if he agrees to a Saudi demand for building “electoral alliances away from Hezbollah.”“This would be very complicated for the FPM, which needs the Shiite votes in several regions, and things are still unsettled amid polarization between two currents within the political council -- the first calls for accepting the Saudi demand amid the transformations in the region, and the second believes that this political stance might have an electoral cost in several regions, knowing that Bassil would have the final say,” the sources added.

Salam in Davos says discussed with UN 'more sustainable solutions' for Lebanon

Naharnet
/January 20/2026  
Prime Minister Nawaf Salam said Tuesday that he has discussed with the United Nations the enhancement of humanitarian aid to Lebanon. Salam was at the annual meeting of The World Economic Forum in the Swiss Alps town of Davos, among 3,000 participants from 130 countries. He said he discussed with the U.N. the transition from emergency response to more sustainable solutions.

Port blast indictment may be issued in two months
Naharnet
/January 20/2026  
Beirut port blast investigator Judge Tarek Bitar might issue his indictment in the case in two months, ad-Diyar newspaper reported on Tuesday. “Bitar is waiting for answers to judicial writs that he had sent abroad through which he requested specific information related to the case,” the daily said. “He will announce the indictment afterwards and will not be impeded by the new calls for removing him,” ad-Diyar added. Authorities in Lebanon say the August 4, 2020 explosion was triggered by a fire in a warehouse where tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer had been stored haphazardly for years, despite repeated warnings to senior officials. The blast was one of the world's largest non-nuclear explosions, destroying swathes of the Lebanese capital, killing more than 220 people and injuring more than 6,500. Bitar resumed his investigation last year as Lebanon's balance of power shifted following a war between Israel and Hezbollah that weakened the militant group, which had spearheaded a campaign against him. President Joseph Aoun and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam, who both took office last year, have vowed to uphold the independence of the judiciary in a country plagued by official impunity. Officials named in the port explosion investigation had filed a flurry of lawsuits seeking to hamper its progress.

Lebanese Army Chief to Make Pivotal Visit to Washington Next Month
Beirut: Caroline Akoum/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Lebanese army chief General Rodolphe Haykal is gearing up for an official visit to Washington in early February, after the US cancelled meetings with him in November. The visit comes at a sensitive time, preceding the Paris conference to supporting the Lebanese army in March. Ministerial sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Haykal’s visit to Washington has been set for between February 3 and 5, saying the army’s needs, cooperation between the US and Lebanese militaries, and continued American support for the Lebanese army will be high on the agenda of the talks.Military sources said that the visit’s postponement in November has not frozen contacts between the two sides. On the contrary, intense contacts have since been made to reschedule the visit, resulting in setting a new date next month. The army’s plan to confiscate all unauthorized arms and extend state authority over all Lebanese territory will most likely top the agenda of the visit. This plan has drawn broad international attention. A statement issued by the army command on January 8 regarding the achievement of the objectives of the first phase of the weapons-control plan will constitute a key component of Haykal’s briefing to US officials. The army said in that statement that it had achieved the initial goal to clear non-state weaponry from the southern area near the Israeli border by the end of 2025. It said it secured areas south of the Litani River, excluding positions still held by Israeli forces, though there was more work to be done clearing unexploded ordnance and tunnels. Haykal’s briefing will most likely refer to the challenges hindering the full implementation of the plan, foremost among them ongoing Israeli attacks and the occupation of a number of sites inside Lebanese territory, in addition to the establishment of buffer zones that restrict freedom of movement, as well as the daily violations of the ceasefire agreement of November 27, 2024. The army chief will also stress continued close cooperation with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and with the ceasefire monitoring committee known as the mechanism, which held its last meeting on January 7 at the military level in the absence of civilians.
Ministerial sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the mechanism will not hold meetings this month. “We are awaiting the return of the US general who is abroad, as well as the appointment of a civilian representative to replace US envoy Morgan Ortagus, who has been relieved of her duties,” they said. Meanwhile, Lebanon continues its preparations for the Paris conference to support the army, scheduled for March 5. Lebanese President Joseph Aoun told a recent security meeting that the army and security forces should prepare accurate reports on their needs and brief the conferees to secure the required assistance for their institutions.

Lebanon and the Challenge of Re-Founding the State
Hanna Saleh/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Former minister and international financial expert Adel Afiouni says that “changing the system and reform from within, working with elements of the ruling class and to make gradual progress in the hope of saving the country, is a theory that has failed a thousand times.”This assessment by a former minister whose experience led him to refuse a post in the current government resonates today. It seems like the country is almost immune to change at a time when recovery and stability hinge on real solutions to two pivotal issues: the monopolization of armament and reform. Lebanon’s intractability stands out. It continues to resist change, despite the cataclysmic storm in the wake of the “Al-Aqsa Flood” catastrophe, the Lebanese earthquake following the criminal war of “support,” and before them the deliberately engineered financial collapse that impoverished the country and humiliated its citizens. The state’s performance presents a bleak picture, even a year into President Joseph Aoun’s term and eleven months after the formation of Nawaf Salam’s government. The president’s inaugural address, followed by the ministerial statement on the basis of which the government received parliament’s confidence, included promises and commitments that unleashed a wave of optimism that the country had not witnessed since the Taef Agreement was signed over 35 years ago.
From the very first moment, it was clear that this challenge demanded a rupture with the domineering establishment responsible for squandering Lebanon’s sovereignty and the replacement of the “normal state” with an “estate” shared by the militias of money and arms. It was evident that the restoration of sovereignty, in its two dimensions, is the ultimate priority. One is asserting the sovereignty of the state and its forces across the country, so that Lebanon can regain its global standing and wage a diplomatic battle that exposes and constrains the enemy’s ambitions to end the occupation that illegal arms had summoned. The second is building financial sovereignty, which is also crucial for restoring confidence, by rescuing people’s deposits and restructuring the banking sector, doing away with the “zombie banks” that mirror the country’s corruption.
Financial sovereignty requires genuine reform which shows the world that a transparent system has been established in Lebanon, ensuring that the money of depositors and investors is in safe hands and holding accountable those who enriched themselves at the expense of the people. 420 days since the “ceasefire agreement” and 330 days since the formation of this government, “significant but insufficient” progress has been made on restricting arms south of the Litani. Lebanon does not have the luxury of taking its time to implement the agreement: disarming Hezbollah across Lebanon and dismantling the infrastructure of all non-state actors, some of which operate under the cover of scout groups. That is how to assert sovereignty and allow state forces to take responsibility for protecting lives and land. The empty show of force must be stopped; that is, those in power must break their silence over the lunacy of Hezbollah’s secretary-general, Naim Qassem. “Disarming us... you’ll have to wait a long time,” he insists; and in response to the president’s call for rationality, “Resistance is the most rational,” and “rationality is making concessions to Israel but preserving our strength.” Here, he looks past his and his party’s responsibility for dangerous concessions in the ceasefire agreement that have granted the Israeli enemy the “right” to attack the country whenever and however it wishes. It continues to kill and destroy amid the absolute impotence of Hezbollah, which had pleaded for a ceasefire at any price, even signing on to an agreement that makes no reference to the return of the displaced and the liberation of prisoners.
It is clear that Lebanon is not being re-founded after decades of dependency, corruption, and subjugation. Faces have changed, but the collapse has not stopped. Merit has largely been ignored and the regime has mostly succeeded in covering up corruption and safeguarding the sectarian spoil-sharing system. The country’s problems certainly won’t be addressed by a few cosmetic changes with marginal impact. These authorities claiming to govern under the banner of “reform” have done nothing of substance and preserved cronyism. It is no exaggeration to say that the defeat Lebanon suffered in the catastrophe of the “support” war has been addressed with approach that merely manages the repercussions, whereas the natural response should have been a clean break everything that caused the defeat and the collapse, whereby citizens stop paying the price for “plunder” and accountability replaces impunity. Despite the inclusion of technocrats, corrupt networks call the shots, and the country has failed to adapt to the new reality; they “have learned nothing and forgotten nothing,” to borrow from Talleyrand’s characterization of the Bourbons.They leapfrogged over the requisites for restoring confidence. The draft “gap” law imposes arbitrary haircuts on deposits to reduce costs on the thieves, thereby exacerbating suffering and perpetuating the country’s isolation.They have effectively removed crimes of theft, fraud, and money laundering from the penal code, clashing with both the depositors and the International Monetary Fund. As for those who looted public and private funds, they launched a campaign to seize Lebanon’s gold reserves. Replacing the word “gap” with “theft” strengthened their position of refusing to give back even a small portion of what they stole. The latent October 17 uprising remains the framework for leading Lebanon out of the era of power-sharing, subjugation, and misery. It did not fail; rather, it broke barriers and removed the fig leaf concealing the shame of a mafioso alliance. Despite repression and starvation, the October 17 uprising derives strength from its commitment to the constitution and its implementation. Today, it must rise to the challenge of launching an initiative that presents an alternative to the Lebanese and removes the burdens of collapse and the squandering of sovereignty from the shoulders of the general public.

The sermon as a shield: How Hezbollah replaces politics with sanctity
Makram Rabah/English AlArabiya/January 20/2026
Every time Naim Qassem – Hezbollah’s secretary-general – speaks, he reminds us of a fundamental problem in Lebanese politics: Power that refuses to justify itself. His latest sermon/speech was not meant to convince, but to consecrate. It was designed to make one political choice appear as destiny, one narrative as sacred, and one-armed reality as unquestionable. This is not leadership. It is theological blackmail. Qassem did not present a political argument. He constructed a moral shield. By beginning with long religious invocations, invoking prophetic missions, and framing his message as a journey toward “truth” and “perfection,” he sought to relocate his political positions from the realm of debate into the realm of sanctity. Once a position is sanctified, disagreement becomes not just wrong, but immoral. That is not persuasion – it is insulation.
This method is his first weakness. In republics, legitimacy is earned through accountability, evidence, and public consent. Qassem offers none of these. Instead, he offers certitude. And certitude is the currency of authoritarian politics.The second weakness is his casual use of absolute claims without proof. When Qassem declares that three million people marched in Tehran or that there were “no violations” for over a year, he is not reporting facts – he is manufacturing them. In serious political discourse, numbers require verification. In mobilization speeches, numbers are talismans: they exist to end discussion, not to inform it. They create emotional gravity where empirical grounding is absent. From there, Qassem relies on a familiar tactic: Collapsing complexity into conspiracy. In his telling, protests in Iran are not expressions of social grievance or political frustration – they are foreign plots. Those who dissent are not citizens; they are “agents.” Economic suffering is acknowledged only as a vulnerability exploited by saboteurs. This framing absolves power of responsibility. If unrest is always foreign, then governance is never the problem – and repression becomes an act of patriotism.
He imports this same logic into Lebanon, where it becomes even more corrosive. Qassem claims to speak in the name of sovereignty, yet his sovereignty is selective. It applies against Israel and the United States, but not internally. It is invoked against external threats, but suspended when it comes to the most basic requirement of sovereignty: the state’s monopoly over force. Here lies his central contradiction. He repeatedly affirms that the Lebanese state is responsible for defending the country, that official documents prioritize sovereignty, and that national unity is essential. But he simultaneously insists that the most decisive instrument of war and peace must remain outside that state. The result is a strange fiction: a sovereign state that does not decide, and a resistance that does.
To justify this contradiction, Qassem deploys emotional coercion. “If we disarm, who will protect us from Israel?” It is a question meant to close, not open, debate. It assumes only two futures: his weapons, or national helplessness. This is false. States do not defend themselves through militias. They defend themselves through institutions, strategies, diplomacy, deterrence, and legitimacy. What he presents as realism is actually an admission of institutional failure – followed by a demand to make that failure permanent.
Even more dangerous is his treatment of dissent. Those who argue for arms under the authority of the state are not engaged – they are delegitimized. They become “agents,” “fitna-makers,” and tools of foreign agendas. This is not rhetoric; it is a political doctrine. It teaches followers that disagreement is treason, and that power does not need to explain itself to those it rules.
What Qassem does not offer is what Lebanon desperately needs: a governing vision. There is no serious discussion of reconstruction, institutional collapse, judicial paralysis, capital flight, or the erosion of public trust. There is no roadmap for economic recovery, no theory of the state, no conception of citizenship beyond sacrifice. The speech glorifies endurance, but offers no future. He speaks of “building the state,” but treats the state as a prop rather than a project. A real state is not built through slogans. It is built through clear chains of command, transparent decision-making, civilian oversight, and a shared definition of national interest. None of these exist when war and peace are decided outside institutions. The most revealing part of his argument is his metaphor: Sovereignty is the foundation; disarmament is an “upper floor.” But in practice, the upper floor has swallowed the foundation. The existence of an armed actor above the state does not delay sovereignty – it prevents it. It invites external wars, international isolation, and internal paralysis. It turns Lebanon into a message board for regional conflicts rather than a country. History cannot serve as a permanent permit. Resistance against occupation once played a role. That does not entitle any group to eternal exemption from the republic. Lebanon’s postwar tragedy has been the normalization of exception: everything is temporary, sacred, or unavoidable – except the state. Qassem’s speech ultimately confuses resistance with governance. It treats confrontation as a political program and sacrifice as a substitute for policy. But countries are not run on symbolism. They are run on institutions. And institutions cannot function when authority is fragmented by design. A real defense strategy begins with a single principle: the Lebanese decision must be Lebanese. Not Iranian. Not American. Not Israeli. Not factional. Sovereignty is not a slogan – it is a structure. It means that no group, however revered, can act on behalf of everyone else. Qassem’s sermon tries to place a political reality under divine light so that it cannot be questioned. But Lebanon cannot be governed by liturgy. It needs accountability, evidence, and a state that does not outsource its survival.
A speech that fears doubt is not a roadmap. It is a confession.

The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on January 20-21/2026
Syria Gives Kurds Four Days to Accept Integration as US Signals End of Support
Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Syria's government set a four-day deadline on Tuesday for Kurdish-led forces to agree on integrating their last enclave into the central state as their former main ally, the United States, urged them to do so. US envoy Tom Barrack in a social media post described integration as the "greatest opportunity" ‌the Kurds ‌now have in Syria. He added that ‌the ⁠original purpose ‌of the Syrian Democratic Forces as a counterweight to ISIS militants had largely expired, and that the US had no long-term interest in retaining its presence in Syria, signaling the apparent end of Washington's backing. The SDF, which has lost swathes of territory during government advances in ⁠recent days, said it accepted a ceasefire agreement with the Damascus government ‌and that it would not engage ‍in any military action ‍unless attacked. A Syrian government statement said it had ‍reached an understanding with the SDF, long backed by the United States in the battle against ISIS, for it to devise an integration plan for Hasakah province or risk state forces entering two SDF-controlled cities. The government announced a four-day ceasefire and said it had asked ⁠the SDF to submit the name of a candidate to take the role of assistant to the defense minister in Damascus as part of the integration. The swift reversal for the SDF along one of Syria's main faultlines marks the biggest shift in territorial control in Syria since Sharaa toppled President Bashar al-Assad in 2024 and raises questions over the security of facilities holding ISIS detainees.

Syria Says Sharaa, Trump Discuss Kurdish Rights as Forces Deploy in Country’s North, East
Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa and US President Donald Trump discussed guaranteeing Kurdish rights in a phone call on Monday, Syria's presidency said, a day after Damascus reached a deal with Kurdish forces including a truce. Sharaa met Mazloum Abdi, head of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, to discuss the agreement, which includes integrating the Kurds' administration into the state, but a Kurdish source with knowledge of the talks told AFP they were not positive. Analysts said the deal -- following rapid government gains in Kurdish-controlled territory after driving Kurdish fighters out of Aleppo city earlier this month -- marked a blow for the minority's long-held ambitions of preserving the de facto autonomy they had exercised in swathes of north and northeast Syria for over a decade. In the phone call, Sharaa and Trump, "emphasized the need to guarantee the Kurdish people's rights and protection within the framework of the Syrian state", the Syrian presidency said. They "affirmed the importance of preserving the unity and independence of Syrian territory" and discussed "cooperation on combating" the ISIS extremist group, it added. Requesting anonymity, the Kurdish source with knowledge of Monday's talks between Sharaa and Abdi said differences concerned "the mechanism for implementing the terms of the agreement". Despite the ceasefire, brief clashes erupted on Monday evening in Raqqa city, with an AFP correspondent hearing heavy bombardment.
The SDF said government forces shelled the Al-Aqtan prison "which holds ISIS members and leaders, in an attempt to storm it".Raqqa was once the extremist group's de facto capital in Syria. A defense ministry source later told AFP that the clashes had halted, without elaborating.
'Stability' -
Sunday's agreement included the Kurdish administration's immediate handover of Arab-majority Deir Ezzor and Raqqa provinces to the government, which will also take responsibility for ISIS prisoners and their families held in Kurdish-run jails and camps.
A defense ministry map published on Monday showed the government controlled all of Deir Ezzor and Raqqa provinces, while the eastern parts of Hasakeh province were still under Kurdish control. In Deir Ezzor province, an AFP correspondent saw military vehicles heading east of the Euphrates, while cars and pedestrians waited at a bridge leading to the eastern bank. Driver Mohammed Khalil, 50, told AFP that "we hope things will be better than before. There was... no freedom" under the SDF. Teacher Safia Keddo, 49, said that "we're not asking for a miracle, we just want stability and a normal life".Authorities announced a curfew in Hasakeh province's Shadadi after the army said the SDF released ISIS detainees from the town's prison, while the Kurds said they lost control of the facility after an attack by Damascus. The sides had earlier traded blame for attacks that the military said killed three soldiers. The SDF had seized swathes of Deir Ezzor and Raqqa provinces as they expelled ISIS during Syria's civil war, supported by an international coalition led by Washington.
'Protecting civilian lives' -
Raqqa resident Khaled al-Afnan, 34, said "we support Kurdish civil rights... but we don't support them having a military role". Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, a close ally of Damascus who is hostile to the SDF, hailed Syria's army for its "careful" offensive despite what he called "provocations". EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas instead said "all military activities must cease immediately". The SDF on Sunday withdrew from areas under its control including the Al-Omar oil field, the country's largest, and the Tanak field. Local fighters from tribes in the Arab-majority Deir Ezzor province sided with Damascus and seized the areas before the arrival of government forces. The SDF's Abdi said Sunday he agreed to the deal to avoid civil war and end a conflict "imposed" on the Kurds. Mutlu Civiroglu, a Washington-based analyst and expert on the Kurds, said the government's advance had raised "serious doubts about the durability" of the ceasefire and a March agreement between the government and the Kurds. Sharaa had on Friday issued a decree granting the Kurds official recognition, but the Kurds said it fell short of their expectations.In Qamishli, the main Kurdish city in the country's northeast, activist Hevi Ahmed, 40, said Sunday's deal was "a disappointment after years of hope that the Syrian constitution might contain a better future for the Kurds".

PKK Says Will 'Not Abandon' Syrian Kurds
Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Outlawed Kurdish militants in Türkiye will "never abandon" Kurds in Syria following an offensive by Damascus, a leader of the PKK armed group said, quoted by the Firat news agency Tuesday. Syrian forces began an offensive nearly two weeks ago which pushed Kurdish-led SDF forces out of the northern city of Aleppo, and expanded over the weekend to push deep into territory that has been held by Kurdish forces for over a decade. "You should know that we will not leave you alone. Whatever the cost, we will never leave you alone.. we as the entire Kurdish people and as the movement, will do whatever is necessary," Murat Karayilan of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) was quoted as saying by Firat. A close ally of Syria's new leadership that overthrew Bashar al-Assad in December 2024, the Turkish government is simultaneously leading a drive to reach a settlement with the PKK -- listed as a terror group by Türkiye and its Western allies. Karayilan said the Damascus-led offensive was an "attempt to nullify" the peace process in Türkiye. "This decision by international powers to enable these attacks, will be a black mark for the US, the UK, Germany, France and other international coalition states," he said. On Monday, at least 500 people rallied in Türkiye’s Kurdish-majority city of Diyarbakir against the Syrian offensive. Clashes erupted when police tried to break up the protest. The pro-Kurdish DEM party, the third largest force in the Turkish parliament, called for a rally on Tuesday in the town of Nusaybin, located on the border with Syria.

Syrian Interior Ministry: 120 ISIS Members Escape from Prison amid Clashes
Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Syria's ministry of interior said Tuesday that 120 ISIS members escaped from a prison in northeast Syria a day earlier, amid clashes between government forces and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, which guards the prison. Security forces recaptured 81 of the escapees, “while intensive security efforts continue to pursue the remaining fugitives and take the necessary legal measures against them,” The Associated Press quoted the statement as saying. The SDF and the government have traded blame over the escape at a prison in the town of Shaddadeh, amid the breakdown of a ceasefire deal between the two sides. Also Tuesday, the SDF accused “Damascus-affiliated factions” of cutting off water supplies to the al-Aqtan prison near the city of Raqqa, which it called a “blatant violation of humanitarian standards.”The SDF, the main US-backed force that fought ISIS in Syria, controls more than a dozen prisons in the northeast where some 9,000 ISIS members have been held for years without trial. Under a deal announced Sunday, government forces were to take over control of the prisons from the SDF, but the transfer did not go smoothly. On Monday, Syrian government forces and SDF fighters clashed around two prisons housing members of ISIS in Syria’s northeast. The clashes came as SDF chief commander Mazloum Abdi was said to be in Damascus to attempt to solidify a ceasefire deal reached Sunday that ended days of deadly fighting during which government forces captured wide areas of northeast Syria from the SDF. Abdi issued no statement after the meeting and the SDF later issued a statement calling for “all of our youth” to “join the ranks of the resistance," appearing to signal that the deal had fallen apart. Interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa postponed a planned trip to Germany Tuesday amid the ongoing tensions in northeast Syria.

US envoy says purpose of anti-Daesh alliance with Kurds ‘largely expired’
AFP/January 20, 2026
DAMASCUS: US envoy Tom Barrack said on Tuesday that the existence of a friendly government in Damascus meant the reason for Washington’s alliance with Syrian Kurds against the Daesh group had “largely expired.”“The original purpose of the SDF as the primary anti-ISIS force on the ground has largely expired, as Damascus is now both willing and positioned to take over security responsibilities, including control of Daesh detention facilities and camps,” he said. Syria on Tuesday announced a ceasefire with Kurdish forces and gave them four days to agree on integrating into the central state. Barrack described the offer of integration into the central Syrian state with citizenship rights, cultural protections and political participation as the “greatest opportunity” the Kurds have. Later, a White House official said the United States is monitoring with “grave concern” developments in Syria and urged all relevant parties to continue negotiating in “good faith.”“We urge all parties to exercise ‌maximum restraint, avoid actions ‌that could further escalate tensions, and prioritize the protection of civilians across all minority groups,” ‌the ⁠White House ​official said./

US signals end of military support for Syria’s Kurdish forces, urges integration
Al Arabiya English/20 January/2026
The Trump administration on Tuesday effectively signaled an end to US military support for Syria’s Kurdish forces, while praising the new Syrian government and its willingness to fight ISIS across the country. The shift comes amid some of the most intense clashes to date between Damascus and the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), with both sides accusing the other of failing to uphold previously agreed-upon arrangements. The SDF has been reluctant to integrate with the Syrian government following the fall of Bashar al-Assad, under Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa. In a lengthy post on X, US Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack said the greatest opportunity for Syria’s Kurds lay in a post-Assad transition under al-Sharaa. He said this would offer full integration into a unified Syrian state with equal rights, which were denied under the Assad regime. Barrack also noted that the US military presence in northeastern Syria was historically justified as a counter-ISIS partnership with the SDF. A US official told Al Arabiya English on Tuesday that the US military is not guarding ISIS prisons in Syria. The official said that fewer than 200 low-level detainees from local areas escaped from al-Shaddadi earlier in the week, but that Syrian government forces recaptured many of them as they moved in and gained control of the prison. Barrack praised the SDF for helping defeat ISIS, detaining thousands of ISIS militants, and guarding ISIS camps such as al-Hol and al-Shaddadi. “At that time, there was no functioning central Syrian state to partner with—the Assad regime was weakened, contested, and not a viable partner against ISIS due to its alliances with Iran and Russia,” Barrack said. He added that the situation has now fundamentally changed, praising al-Sharaa’s government and noting that it recently joined the Global D-ISIS Coalition. This, Barrack said, signaled “a westward pivot and cooperation with the US on counterterrorism.”“This shifts the rationale for the US-SDF partnership: the original purpose of the SDF as the primary anti-ISIS force on the ground has largely expired, as Damascus is now both willing and positioned to take over security responsibilities, including control of ISIS detention facilities and camps,” Barrack said. Last week, al-Sharaa signed a decree aimed at safeguarding the rights of Kurds in Syria, including protections against ethnic and linguistic discrimination. He also called on displaced Kurdish Syrians to return to their towns and villages, saying there would be no preconditions other than laying down their weapons. The decree recognizes Kurdish as a “national language” in Syria and declares Nowruz a national holiday. On Tuesday, Barrack again urged the Kurds to take what he called “a unique window” to integrate into the new Syrian state and participate in political life. He said the opportunities offered by the new government were “far beyond the semi-autonomy the SDF held amid civil war chaos.” Barrack also stressed that the United States has no interest in a long-term military presence in Syria. Instead, he said Washington’s focus is limited to two priorities: ensuring the security of ISIS detention facilities and facilitating talks between the SDF and Damascus.

Spokesman for Iran’s Armed Forces Warns Trump Against Taking Action Against Khamenei
Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
A spokesman for Iran’s armed forces on Tuesday warned US President Donald Trump not to take any action against the country’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, days after Trump called for an end to Khamenei’s nearly 40-year reign. “Trump knows that if any hand of aggression is extended toward our leader, we not only cut that hand but also we will set fire to their world,” Gen. Abolfazl Shekarchi said. His comments came after Trump, in an interview with Politico Saturday, described Khamenei as “a sick man who should run his country properly and stop killing people” and added that “it’s time to look for new leadership in Iran.”Tension between the US and Iran has been high since a violent crackdown by authorities on protests that began over Iran’s ailing economy on Dec. 28. Trump has drawn two red lines for the countyr — the killing of peaceful protesters and Tehran conducting mass executions in the wake of the demonstrations. A US aircraft carrier, the USS Abraham Lincoln, which had been in the South China Sea in recent days had passed through the Strait of Malacca by Tuesday, ship-tracking data showed. Multiple US media reports quoting anonymous officials have said the Lincoln was on its way to the Middle East. It likely would still need several days of travel before its aircraft would be in range of the region.The death toll from the protests has reached at least 4,484 people, the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency said Tuesday. The agency has been accurate throughout the years of demonstrations and unrest in Iran, relying on a network of activists inside the country that confirms all reported fatalities. The AP has been unable to independently confirm the figure.The death toll exceeds that of any other round of protest or unrest in Iran in decades, and recalls the chaos surrounding the 1979 revolution. Although there have been no protests for days, there are fears the number could increase significantly as information gradually emerges from a country still under a government-imposed shutdown of the internet since Jan. 8. Iranian officials have not given a clear casualty figure, although on Saturday, Khamenei said the protests had left “several thousand” people dead and blamed the United States. It was the first indication from an Iranian leader of the extent of the casualties. A further 26,127 people have been arrested, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency. Comments from officials have led to fears of some of those detained being put to death in Iran, one of the world’s top executioners. Iran’s national police chief, Gen. Ahmad Reza Radan, said Monday that people turning themselves in would receive more lenient treatment than those who don’t. “Those who were deceived by foreign intelligence services, and became their soldiers in practice, have a chance to turn themselves in,” he said in an interview carried by Iran’s state television Monday. “In case of surrender, definitely there will be a reduction in punishment. They have three days to turn themselves in.”He did not elaborate on what would happen after the three days.

Iran FM Says Davos Appearance Cancellation Based On 'Lies'
This is Beirut/January 20, 2026
Iran's foreign minister Abbas Araghchi hit out at the World Economic Forum in Davos for cancelling his appearance over a crackdown on recent protests, saying the decision was based on "lies and political pressure".Protests in Iran sparked by economic strain in late December exploded into the biggest challenge to the Iranian leadership in years, with the full scale of the violent crackdown yet to emerge due to an internet blackout. Iranian Foreign Minister was slated to speak on Tuesday at the annual gathering of global elites in Switzerland but was disinvited after the WEF said it would not be "right" due to the "loss of lives of civilians in Iran over the past few weeks". Araghchi said his appearance was cancelled "on the basis of lies and political pressure from Israel and its US-based proxies and apologists", in an X post late Monday. He called it a "blatant double standard" to disinvite him while inviting Israel after its war in Gaza, saying it "conveys moral depravity and intellectual bankruptcy". Iranian officials have said the recent demonstrations were peaceful before descending into "riots" fuelled by Iran's arch-foes, the United States and Israel, in an effort to destabilize the nation. Araghchi's post on X was accompanied by a video saying the demonstrations were a "terror operation" spurred by Israel's Mossad spy agency.Rights groups say they have verified at least several thousand protesters killed by Iranian security forces, with some estimates putting the true figure as high as 20,000 dead. The Norway-based NGO Iran Human Rights, which has verified the deaths of at least 3,428 protesters, said on Monday that "all indications are that this massacre was planned and carried out with full coordination" by the Islamic republic. AFP

Standoff with Iran over inspections cannot go on forever, IAEA chief says
Dave Graham and Francois Murphy/Reuters/January 20/2026
DAVOS, Switzerland,/The standoff with Iran over accounting for its stock of highly enriched uranium and inspecting nuclear facilities bombed by the United States and Israel cannot go on forever, ​U.N. nuclear watchdog chief Rafael Grossi said on Tuesday.
The International Atomic Energy Agency has inspected all 13 declared nuclear facilities ‌in Iran that were not bombed, but has been unable to inspect any of the three key sites that were bombed in June - Natanz, Fordow or Isfahan - Grossi ‌told Reuters in an interview at the World Economic Forum in Davos.
Iran must first file a report to the IAEA on what happened to those sites and material, including an estimated 440.9 kg of uranium enriched to up to 60% purity, close to the roughly 90% weapons-grade level. That is enough material, if enriched further, for 10 nuclear bombs, according to an IAEA yardstick.
NO 'A LA CARTE' OPTION
Iran has not submitted that ⁠special report to the IAEA.
"This cannot go on ‌forever because at some point, I will have to say, 'Well, I don't have any idea where this material is,'" which would mean there was no guarantee the material had not been diverted or hidden, Grossi ‍said. "I do not have that conviction or conclusion at the moment, but what we are saying to Iran is that they need to engage."Iran says it is fully cooperating with the IAEA. Its government could not immediately be reached for comment. It is now at least seven months since the IAEA last ​verified Iran's stock of highly enriched uranium. Its own guidance is that it should be done monthly.
Grossi said he was exercising "diplomatic prudence," ‌but that Iran had to meet its obligations as a party to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. "This cannot go on like this for a long time without me, unfortunately, having to declare them in non-compliance," he said, noting that parties to the NPT do not have an "a la carte" option where they can pick and choose what to comply with. Asked if the issue could be resolved this spring, he said: "That is a reasonable time frame."
LATEST INSPECTIONS WERE IN DECEMBER
One of the "real world" realities Grossi said he must face is the influence of diplomatic ⁠efforts aimed at reaching a broader agreement between Iran and the United States ​that have been spearheaded by U.S. special envoy Steve Witkoff. "I cannot ignore it, ​and I wish it well so that there can be an understanding without the looming threat of new military activity over there or something of the sort," he said. The IAEA said in November it had inspected most ‍of Iran's nuclear facilities that were ⁠not struck in the U.S. and Israeli attacks. It has since carried out further inspections until late December, Grossi said.
It was not possible, however, to carry out inspections during civil unrest, he said, referring to recent protests that prompted a severe crackdown ⁠by the Islamic Republic. Iranian officials have indicated the unrest has stopped, he said."They said that things are calm and they are in control, etc.," Grossi said. "If ‌this is the situation, shouldn't we resume (inspections)?" Grossi said he would meet Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi in "a matter of ‌days, weeks."

Iran's protests in the dark: How credible is Germany's response?
Johanna Urbancik/Euronews/January 20/2026
The nationwide protests that have rocked Iran in recent weeks have also sent shockwaves through the Iranian diaspora around the world. Alongside growing economic hardship in the Islamic Republic, widespread anger over corruption within the regime has fuelled the unrest, which started in late December.
Authorities have responded with brutal force and a "digital blackout," shutting down internet access in an effort to suppress dissent. In an interview with Euronews, German-Iranian artist and doctor Maryam said that "you first have to grasp what is happening in Iran and how the protests have grown exponentially", adding that their scale was not immediately apparent. "You live with tension, fear and hope all at once," said the artist, who is known in the music industry under her stage name Maryam.fyi. "Every time a new wave of protests breaks out, you ask yourself: is this the moment, is this the day the regime will finally fall, or will they manage to crush everything again? Is this the last time this fight for freedom will be waged, and can it be won this time?"According to a report compiled by doctors in Iran and cited by The Times, at least 16,500 people were killed in what the newspaper described as a "genocide in digital darkness". On Monday, the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency said it had verified at least 4,029 deaths, with another 9,049 cases under review. Euronews cannot independently verify the figures.
Eyewitness reports have described extreme violence and thousands of dead and injured.
Iran expert Ali Fathollah-Nejad described the events as a "massacre of historic proportions" on German public broadcaster ZDF on Monday morning. "Even for someone who has worked on this region for more than twenty years, I have never witnessed anything like this in such a short period of time. We are now hearing eyewitness accounts that describe scenes beyond comprehension," he said. A so-called "phased restoration" of internet access has reportedly been promised, yet many Iranians are still cut off from the outside world by a blackout that started on 8 Jan.
For relatives abroad, the uncertainty over the fate of family members, friends and others back home is agonising. Maryam said that the uncertainty felt "oppressive" and "depressing". Due to her public profile and regular media appearances, she now has very few contacts left in Iran as she is unwilling to risk putting anyone in danger.Even so, she sees how many of her friends cannot reach their families, or have learned that relatives were killed during the protests.
'Complete abuse of all kinds of principles'
Activists estimate that several thousand protesters were severely injured during the demonstrations. As in the 2022 protests, reports again highlight a troubling rise in head and eye injuries. According to an analysis by The Conversation, such injuries represent a form of political repression rooted in a long cultural tradition, in which blinding symbolises disempowerment and the stripping of legitimacy. Today, the aim is not only to punish individuals, but also to prevent them from seeing, documenting and exposing state violence, argues Firouzeh Nahavandi, a Belgian sociologist of Iranian origin. "The regime deliberately shoots at life-threatening parts of the body and even makes sure, for example, that blood is sprayed to spread fear and terror," Maryam said. Yet many of the injured are said to have avoided hospitals out of fear, amid growing reports that protesters are being arrested directly at medical wards. "This is, of course, a complete abuse of all the principles behind such a profession," said Maryam, who is also a doctor. She recalled accounts of injured people being examined to determine how they were hurt, and turned away if they had sustained gunshot wounds. "It was assumed they were protesters and, as 'terrorists', deemed legitimate targets," she said.
'Help is on its way'
After the unrest started, US President Donald Trump said he would help demonstrators if the regime began killing or executing them. "Help is on the way," he said last week, urging Iranians to keep protesting. Trump said that the US military wouldn't intervene after he was assured that no executions would take place for the time being. Maryam said she never believed military intervention was the right approach. Instead, support should focus on restoring internet and mobile phone access "so that people can organise themselves". "Right now, all these people who are willing to risk their lives for freedom and for a revolution are cut off from the internet and unable to organise," she told Euronews."That’s what makes the situation so dire. People are being flooded with propaganda and fear, which keeps the regime in power, while they themselves are unable to coordinate."Last week, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz also said he believed the Iranian regime is "effectively finished", and that regime change is imminent. Yet Maryam said she is is sceptical of Merz's expressions of solidarity. "The German government had the chance to support the people three years ago, and even before that, but it didn’t take it. Instead, it continued doing business with Iran," she stressed. "It's hardly news that the Iranian people are oppressed by an Islamist regime." "Germany was still one of Iran's strongest trading partners in recent years. Statements like this feel deeply hypocritical to me," she added. In her view, asylum procedures for Iranians could be made much easier, deportations could be halted, or the Iranian ambassador to Berlin could be expelled. "So much could be done, but it isn’t happening. That's why, until there are concrete actions, I see this as little more than lip service."A nationwide ban on deportations to Iran was in place in Germany until the end of 2023, before being lifted in January 2024. Since then, deportations have depended on individual asylum or residence decisions. Figures from the Federal Office for Migration show that around 5,817 Iranians applied for asylum in 2024. Of those, 2,249 were granted protection status, while 3,880 applications were rejected. Despite the ongoing internet blackout, images and videos of the protests continue to emerge: bloodied bodies, body bags lying in the streets, and security forces patrolling neighbourhoods. According to reports from Bayerischer Rundfunk, a regional public service broadcaster in Germany, the protests have subsided, but armed militias are still present on the streets. Prices for everyday goods have reportedly continued to rise, leaving little sign of economic relief for the population. "The Iranian diaspora and German politicians must put aside their differences and unite to do everything possible for the freedom of the Iranian people," Maryam said. "This is a moral obligation. And our society should be out on the streets in the largest possible numbers, in solidarity, to demand an end to these atrocities," she added.

Israel’s Netanyahu says no place for Turkish, Qatari soldiers in Gaza force
AFP/20 January/2026
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed Monday there would be no place for Turkish or Qatari soldiers in post-war Gaza and reiterated Israel’s objection to the composition of a US-backed advisory panel for the Palestinian territory. As part of US President Donald Trump’s 20-point plan to end the war in Gaza, the White House announced last week a “Board of Peace,” chaired by Trump himself, a Palestinian committee of technocrats meant to govern the war-wracked territory, and a second “Gaza executive board” that appears designed to have a more advisory role. Netanyahu has previously expressed objections to the make-up of the “Gaza executive board.”“In the Gaza Strip, we are on the eve of phase two of the Trump plan. Phase two means one simple thing: Hamas will be disarmed and Gaza will be demilitarized,” Netanyahu said in parliament. “There will be no Turkish or Qatari soldiers in the Gaza Strip,” he added, in an apparent reference to the International Stabilization Force (ISF) for the territory set out under the Trump plan. It is yet to be determined which contingents will make up the force, which will be tasked with providing security in Gaza and training a new police force to succeed Hamas. Trump on Friday named US Major General Jasper Jeffers to head the ISF in Gaza. On Monday, Netanyahu went on to say: “We have a certain disagreement with our friends in the United States regarding the composition of the advisory council that will accompany the processes in Gaza.”Netanyahu’s office objected on Saturday to the composition of the “Gaza executive board,” which includes Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan and Qatari diplomat Ali al-Thawadi, alongside other regional and international officials. “The Prime Minister has instructed the Foreign Affairs Minister to contact the US Secretary of State on this matter,” a statement from Netanyahu’s office said on Saturday. It did not explain the reason for its objection, but Israel has previously objected strongly to any Turkish role in post-war Gaza, with relations between the two countries deteriorating sharply since the war began in October 2023. The “Board of Peace” was originally conceived to oversee the rebuilding of Gaza, but the charter does not appear to limit its role to the occupied Palestinian territory. The Palestinian technocratic committee, meanwhile, held its initial meetings last week in Cairo.

Israel orders Gaza families to move in first forced evacuation since ceasefire
Nidal al-Mughrabi/Reuters/January 20, 2026
CAIRO, - Israeli forces have ordered dozens of Palestinian families in the southern Gaza Strip to leave their homes in the first forced evacuation since October's ceasefire, as residents and Hamas said on Tuesday the military was expanding the area under ​its control. Residents of Bani Suhaila, east of Khan Younis, said the leaflets were dropped on Monday on families living in tent encampments in the ‌Al-Reqeb neighbourhood. “Urgent message. The area is under IDF control. You must evacuate immediately,” said the leaflets, written in Arabic, Hebrew, and English, which the army dropped over the Al‑Reqeb neighbourhood in the town ‌of Bani Suhaila. In the two-year war before the U.S. brokered ceasefire was signed in October, Israel dropped leaflets over areas that were subsequently raided or bombarded, forcing some families to move several times. Residents and a source from the Hamas militant group said this was the first time they had been dropped since then. The Israeli military did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
SIDES FAR APART ON NEXT PHASES
The ceasefire has not progressed beyond its first phase, under which major fighting has stopped, Israel withdrew ⁠from less than half of Gaza, and Hamas released ‌hostages in return for Palestinian detainees and prisoners. Virtually the entire population of more than 2 million people are confined to around a third of Gaza's territory, mostly in makeshift tents and damaged buildings, where life has resumed under control of an administration ‍led by Hamas. Israel and Hamas have accused each other of major breaches of the ceasefire and remain far apart on the more difficult steps planned for the next phase.
Mahmoud, a resident from the Bani Suhaila area, who asked not to give his family name, said the evacuation orders impacted at least 70 families, living in tents and homes, some of which ​were partially damaged, in the area. "We have fled the area and relocated westward. It is maybe the fourth or fifth time the occupation expanded the yellow ‌line since last month," he told Reuters by phone from Khan Younis, referring to the line behind which Israel has withdrawn. "Each time they move it around 120 to 150 metres (yards) inside the Palestinian-controlled territory, swallowing more land," the father-of-three said.
HAMAS CITES STATE OF HUMANITARIAN DISRUPTION
Ismail Al-Thawabta, director of the Hamas-run Gaza government media office, said the Israeli military had expanded the area under its control in eastern Khan Younis five times since the ceasefire, forcing the displacement of at least 9,000 people. “On Monday, 19 January 2026, the Israeli occupation forces dropped warning leaflets demanding the forced evacuation of the Bani Suhaila area in eastern Khan Younis Governorate, in a ⁠measure that falls within a policy of intimidation and pressure on civilians,” Thawabta told Reuters. He ​said the new evacuation orders affected approximately 3,000 people. “The move created a state of humanitarian disruption, ​increased pressure on the already limited shelter areas, and further deepened the internal displacement crisis in the governorate,” Thawabta added. Israel's military has previously said it has opened fire after identifying what it called "terrorists" crossing the yellow line and approaching its troops, posing an immediate ‍threat to them. It has continued to conduct ⁠air strikes and targeted operations across Gaza. The Israeli military has said it views "with utmost severity" any attempts by militant groups in Gaza to attack Israel.Under future phases of the ceasefire that have yet to be hammered out, U.S. President Donald Trump's plan envisages Hamas disarming, Israel pulling out ⁠further, and an internationally backed administration rebuilding Gaza. More than 460 Palestinians and three Israeli soldiers have been reported killed since the ceasefire took effect. Israel launched its operations in Gaza in the wake of ‌an attack by Hamas-led fighters in October 2023 which killed 1,200 people, according to Israeli tallies. Israel's assault has killed 71,000 people, ‌according to health authorities in the enclave.
(Reporting by Nidal al-Mughrabi; Editing by Alison Williams)

Israeli authorities demolish UN compound in occupied East Jerusalem
John Sudworth/BBC/January 20/2026
Israeli demolition teams, accompanied by police, have begun tearing down the headquarters of the UN's Palestinian refugee agency, Unrwa, in occupied East Jerusalem. Israel says it owns the land on which the compound stands and accuses Unrwa - the organisation that provides aid, education and healthcare to Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and Gaza - of being infiltrated by Hamas. The agency has denied the allegations and says its premises are protected under international conventions. Israel's action comes in the wake of a controversial law passed last year which banned Unrwa from operating in Israel and occupied East Jerusalem. UN Secretary General António Guterres condemned the demolition, with his spokesperson calling for the Israeli government to "return and restore the compound" to the United Nations "without delay". On Tuesday morning, the demolition crews made quick work of the compound that has stood on this site for decades. The heavy machines ripped into the corrugated metal roofs and tore down walls, leaving piles of tangled debris in their wake. Israel said no UN personnel were present on site when its actions began. Unrwa has been under increasing pressure from the Israeli authorities. The law, passed in January 2025, severing all state contact with the refugee agency, had already been making itself felt. What is Unrwa and why has Israel banned it? A health clinic in East Jerusalem was recently forced to close and electricity companies had begun the process of shutting off power to a number of Unrwa properties. But there's no doubt that this action was unexpected and unprecedented. The head of Unrwa, Philippe Lazzarini, posted on social media calling it an "open and deliberate defiance of international law, including of the immunities and privileges of the United Nations". Britain's Middle East Minister Hamish Falconer said he was "appalled" by reports that Israeli crews had begun demolishing a United Nations headquarters in East Jerusalem. UN premises are protected under international treaty, making them immune from "search, requisition, expropriation and any other form of interference". But Israel says that those protections have been made null and void because of its allegation that Unrwa staff were involved in the 7 October 2023 Hamas-led attacks.A statement from Israel's foreign ministry confirming that the demolition was taking place called the organisation a "greenhouse for terrorism". The UN admits that nine Unrwa staff may have been involved on 7 October but it says Israel has not provided any evidence for its claim that the agency's been more widely infiltrated by Hamas. Israel's far-right National Security Minister, Itamar Ben Gvir, who was on site watching the demolition, described it as marking an "historic day". On the edge of compound from where journalists were filming was Aryeh King, the deputy mayor of Jerusalem, also from the far-right of Israeli politics. He told the BBC that Unrwa was a "Nazi" organisation and said he "didn't care" what the UN had to say about international law. Despite the demolition of its headquarters and the targeting of its other premises in East Jerusalem, Unrwa's work in the West Bank and Gaza continues. It employs thousands of staff and has, since its founding in 1949, been providing welfare and vocational training for Palestinian refugees and their descendants in the occupied territories. But its activities have been seriously impacted by the war in Gaza. The UN says more than 300 Unrwa staff have been killed in Israeli strikes and the organisation also faces an acute funding crisis, prompted in part by the Israeli allegations of complicity. Hundreds of staff have been laid off in recent weeks. Israel, though, is doubling down, saying the "possession and evacuation" of other Unrwa buildings will follow. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has already threatened to take Israel to the International Court of Justice over its laws targeting Unrwa and its assets.
The demolition marks a significant widening of the rift.

Hamas Leaders Prepare for 'Safe Exit' from Gaza, Amid Doubts Over Return
Gaza: Asharq Al Awsat/January 20/2026
Sources within Hamas in Gaza revealed that senior figures in the movement are preparing for a “safe exit” from the enclave following arrangements related to Gaza’s future under the second phase of the ceasefire agreement, which the United States announced had begun last week. Three Hamas sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that several prominent political and military leaders who survived the war are preparing to leave the territory. One source said the departure would be voluntary and carried out under specific arrangements, with full coordination with the Hamas leadership abroad. Another source noted that other leaders, particularly military figures, categorically reject leaving Gaza under any circumstances. Throughout nearly two years of war, Hamas officials have repeatedly stated their rejection of removing the movement’s leadership from the Strip. The sources separately provided Asharq Al-Awsat with the names of several leaders believed likely to depart, though it is refraining from publishing them due to the inability to contact them promptly. Some of these figures were recently appointed to leadership positions in Hamas’ political bureau in Gaza as part of new organizational arrangements aimed at rebuilding and restructuring the movement. According to the same sources, a number of former prisoners released in the 2011 exchange deal for Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit — who now oversee key portfolios within Hamas leadership — are expected to be among those traveling to Türkiye. However, a senior Hamas leader based outside Gaza denied the reports, telling Asharq Al-Awsat that the issue of leaders leaving the Strip “has not been raised.”Another source inside Gaza declined to comment, saying only that he had no knowledge of the matter. Sources in Gaza said the exit would likely be “without return, at least for several years,” with those leaders likely to end up residing in several countries. Other sources said some leaders would leave temporarily to hold meetings in Egypt with security officials on critical issues related to Gaza’s governmental security forces and other key files, before returning to the Strip. In September, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in an interview with Fox News that Israel was considering providing safe passage for Hamas leaders to leave Gaza under certain conditions, as part of a plan being prepared by US President Donald Trump, which entered into force in October. Israel’s public broadcaster reported that Hamas leaders would most likely head to Qatar or Türkiye if they left Gaza. Israel’s Channel 12 previously reported that Hamas officials told US officials they were prepared to accept a limited relocation of military leaders and some operatives from Gaza. On Jan. 14, US envoy Steve Witkoff officially announced the launch of the second phase of the ceasefire, which includes Hamas relinquishing control of Gaza, establishing a Palestinian technocratic committee to administer the enclave, initiating a comprehensive disarmament process, and launching large-scale reconstruction projects. Hamas welcomed the announcement, saying it had fulfilled all requirements for completing the first phase and moving to the second, while continuing discussions with mediators over options regarding its weapons and those of other Palestinian factions.

Israeli crews target UN facilities for Palestinian refugees in east Jerusalem
SAM METZ/Associated Press/January 20/2026
JERUSALEM (AP) — Israeli forces on Tuesday targeted at least two United Nations facilities, pushing forward with a crackdown against the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees tasked with delivering humanitarian services to millions of people across the region. Crews began bulldozing the United Nations Relief and Works Agency ’s offices in Sheikh Jarrah and fired tear gas at a vocational school in Qalandia, marking Israel’s latest and most dramatic step against UNRWA. Israel has long railed against the agency, accusing it of being infiltrated by Hamas and saying that some of its employees were involved in the October 2023 attack that triggered Israel’s two-year war in Gaza. UNRWA leaders have said they took swift action against the employees accused of taking part in the attack, and have denied allegations that the agency tolerates or collaborates with Hamas. U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Tuesday condemned Israel’s destruction of the agency's compound and called for it to be returned to the U.N.'s control. “The Secretary-General views as wholly unacceptable the continued escalatory actions against UNRWA, which are inconsistent with Israel’s clear obligations under international law," said Farhan Haq, the deputy U.N. spokesperson. Roland Friedrich, the agency's West Bank director, said UNRWA received word that demolition crews and police arrived at their east Jerusalem headquarters early on Tuesday. Staff have not operated out of the facility for almost a year out of safety concerns, but Israeli forces confiscated devices and forced out private security guards protecting the facility. “What we saw today is the culmination of two years of incitement and measures against UNRWA in east Jerusalem,” Friedrich said. He said forces also began firing tear gas outside the vocational school on the outskirts of Jerusalem on Tuesday afternoon before ultimately leaving. More than 300 young refugees receive job training in technology and welding there. Some children on their way home from the school were overcome by the tear gas and a 15-year-old was hit in the eye with a rubber bullet, according to the Palestinian Authority’s Jerusalem governorate, which monitors Palestinian affairs in the area.
Israeli leaders celebrate demolition
Israel’s Foreign Ministry said the demolition enforced a new law banning UNRWA, noting that Israel owns the site and rejecting UNRWA’s claims that the move violated international law. Israel has long claimed the agency has an anti-Israel bias. Often with little evidence, it says UNRWA employs and maintains ties with militant groups including Hamas. The U.N. has ardently denied such claims and UNRWA has said it acts quickly to purge any suspected militants among its staff. UNRWA's mandate is to provide aid and services to some 2.5 million Palestinian refugees in Gaza, the occupied West Bank and east Jerusalem, as well as 3 million more refugees in Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. The group has for years maintained infrastructure in refugee camps and also run schools and provided health care. But its operations were curtailed last year when Israel’s Knesset passed legislation severing ties and banning it from functioning in what it defines as Israel — including east Jerusalem. The agency said the demolitions could imperil operations at the vocational center in Qalandia and heath facility in Shu'afat, where it still provides education and health services. An Israeli flag was seen hoisted above the facility in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood, where some Israeli politicians arrived on the scene to celebrate the organization's fate. National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir called it “a historic day.”
'This must be a wake-up call'
The demolition marked the culmination of years of criticism from Israel and its leaders. Since the start of the Israel-Hamas war more than two years ago, it has ramped up such attacks, saying the militants used UNRWA facilities and seized aid. It has provided little evidence for the claims, which the U.N. has denied. The International Court of Justice said in October that Israel must allow the agency to provide humanitarian assistance in Gaza. Since Israel passed its law banning the agency last year, its facilities — schools and health centers — and its headquarters have repeatedly been closed, raided or left unprotected.
“This must be a wake-up call," Philippe Lazzarini, UNRWA's commissioner-general, said in a statement on X. “What happens today to UNRWA will happen tomorrow to any other international organisation or diplomatic mission, whether in the Occupied Palestinian Territory or anywhere around the world.”
More aid groups in Gaza face pressure
Israel's ban on UNRWA dovetailed with broader efforts to deregister aid groups operating in Gaza and the occupied West Bank. Israel has passed laws requiring nongovernmental organizations not to hire staff involved in activities that “delegitimize Israel” or support boycotts, demanding they register lists of names as a condition of being allowed to work. Israel told dozens of groups — including Doctors Without Borders and CARE — that their licenses would expire at the end of 2025. The organizations say the rules are arbitrary and warned that the new ban would harm people desperately in need of humanitarian aid.
Settler violence in the West Bank rose last year
The Israeli military said Tuesday that attacks carried out by Jewish settlers against Palestinians and Israeli security forces in the West Bank increased by 27% last year compared with 2024. There were 867 reports of “nationalistic crimes” — with the number of severe incidents up by more than 50%, according to internal statistics from the Israeli military and the country’s Shin Bet domestic security service. Mounting settler violence in the West Bank has emptied villages since the war between Israel and Hamas erupted, according to B’Tselem, an Israeli rights group helping the residents. The Israeli military has carried out large-scale operations in the West Bank targeting militants that have killed hundreds of Palestinians. There also has been a rise in Palestinian attacks on Israelis. Israeli authorities have a mixed relationship with settlers, at times dismantling unauthorized outposts while also deploying forces to protect them from Palestinians.
**Julia Frankel and Shlomo Mor in Jerusalem and Edith M. Lederer and Farnoush Amiri in New York contributed reporting. Find more of AP’s coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war


European leaders endure a new level of public embarrassment as Trump dials up the insults

Analysis by CNN's Andrew Carey/January 20/2026
“Shockingly, our ‘brilliant’ NATO Ally, the United Kingdom, is currently planning to give away the Island of Diego Garcia, the site of a vital U.S. Military Base, to Mauritius, and to do so FOR NO REASON WHATSOEVER.”
Welcome to Tuesday, Prime Minister Keir Starmer. Like many of his peers, Britain’s leader has sought to keep Donald Trump close since the start of his second administration a year ago, figuring flattery was the best approach to navigating the US president’s narcissistic vagaries. Now, though, as Trump prepares to fly to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Starmer too finds himself joining the ranks of those either insulted by the US President, and/or finding their private messages to him shared with the world. “The UK giving away extremely important land is an act of GREAT STUPIDITY,” Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform, adding that it was, “another in a very long line of National Security reasons why Greenland has to be acquired.”Perhaps Trump’s tirade was triggered by remarks made by the British prime minister on Monday – that the president’s threat to put tariffs on allies, to get his way over Greenland, was “completely wrong.” Whatever it was, it served to affect a 180-degree switch on what had previously been White House support for Britain’s decision to hand over a group of islands in the Indian Ocean to Mauritius. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio praised the deal in May as a “historic agreement” and “monumental achievement.” UK government figures sent out to talk to the media immediately afterwards urged coolness. “I would be in favor of keeping calm and trying to sit this out a bit, see what happens next. We’re getting this bevy of messages and so on at the moment,” senior Labour politician Emily Thornberry told the BBC. She was certainly right about Trump’s use of his social media account overnight. France’s President Emmanuel Macron was another one caught in the maelstrom. Shortly before posting an apparently AI-generated image of himself in the White House showing European leaders a map of North America, in which both Canada and Greenland were colored with the Stars and Stripes, Trump had pasted a (real) message from Macron. As a sweetener, the French leader threw in a little extra va-va-voom at the end. “Let us have a dinner together in Paris together on Thursday before you go back to the US.”Perhaps it was aimed at stirring memories of 2017, when the Macrons and the Trumps dined together at the Eiffel Tower on Bastille Day after Trump had been guest of honor at the annual parade. Regardless, those heady days are long gone. When Trump was asked by a reporter on Monday for his reaction to Macron’s declining the offer of a place on his “Board of Peace,” he immediately hit below the belt.“‘Well, nobody wants him because he’s going to be out of office very soon.”
Other recent betrayals of private messages include Trump’s circulation of a message to the Norwegian prime minister accusing Norway of snubbing him over the Nobel Peace Prize, and his reading of a note slipped him by Marco Rubio - apparently in confidence - during on-camera comments about Venezuela.
The ‘Daddy’ of them all In any account of toe-curling exchanges with Trump, the current NATO secretary general is never far away. A tall man, Mark Rutte is perhaps familiar with stooping low to avoid hitting his head. “Mr President, Dear Donald. What you accomplished today in Syria is incredible. I will use my media engagements in Davos to highlight your work there, in Gaza, and in Ukraine. I am committed to finding a way forward on Greenland. Can’t wait to see you. Yours, Mark” That object lesson in obsequiousness was also pushed out by Trump on Truth Social. Rutte has form, of course. Famously, he once called Trump “Daddy.”“And then Daddy has to sometimes use strong language to get it stopped,” he said sitting opposite Trump at a NATO meeting last year. Trump, who loves to frame international relations in a way that, well, just about anybody could understand, had just compared Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to a playground fight. “You know, they fight like hell. You can’t stop them. Let them fight for about two to three minutes, then it’s easy to stop them.” The language is facile and vacuous, but those on-camera encounters are revealing. “I mean, what would I say in that situation?” we ponder, feeling a sympathetic twinge for the NATO secretary general, as we watch his brain scramble a response. Democratic governor of California Gavin Newsom told Sky News he had had enough of the craven behavior. “I should have brought a bunch of knee pads for all the world leaders. I mean, handing out crowns, the Nobel prizes that are being given away. It’s just pathetic,” he said.Europe’s elite gathering in Switzerland ahead of Trump’s arrival on Wednesday might envy such cockiness. As the stakes for Europe appear to get ever higher, the challenge of how to deal with the US president just appears to get madder by the moment.

US to cut roughly 200 NATO positions, sources say
Reuters/January 21, 2026
WASHINGTON: The United States plans to reduce the number of personnel it has stationed within several key NATO command centers, a move that could intensify concerns ​in Europe about Washington’s commitment to the alliance, three sources familiar with the matter said this week.
As part of the move, which the Trump administration has communicated to some European capitals, the US will eliminate roughly 200 positions from the NATO entities that oversee and plan the alliance’s military and intelligence operations, said the sources, who requested anonymity to discuss private diplomatic conversations.Among the bodies that will be affected, said the sources, are the UK-based NATO Intelligence Fusion Center and the Allied Special Operations Forces Command in Brussels. Portugal-based STRIKFORNATO, which oversees some maritime operations, will also be cut, as will several other similar NATO entities, the sources said. The sources did not specify why the US had decided to cut the number of staff dedicated to the NATO roles, but the moves broadly align with the ‌Trump administration’s stated intention to ‌shift more resources toward the Western Hemisphere.
The Washington Post first reported the decision.
TRUMP ‌RE-POSTS ⁠MESSAGE ​IDENTIFYING NATO ‌AS THREAT
The changes are small relative to the size of the US military force stationed in Europe and do not necessarily signal a broader US shift away from the continent. Around 80,000 military personnel are stationed in Europe, almost half of them in Germany. But the moves are nonetheless likely to stoke European anxiety about the future of the alliance, which is already running high given US President Donald Trump’s stepped-up campaign to wrest Greenland away from Denmark, raising the unprecedented prospect of territorial aggression within NATO. On Tuesday morning, the US president, who is scheduled to fly to the World Economic Forum in Switzerland in the evening, shared another user’s post on social media that identified NATO as a threat to the ⁠United States. The post described China and Russia as merely “boogeymen.” Asked for comment, a NATO official said changes to US staffing are not unusual and that the US presence in ‌Europe is larger than it has been in years. “NATO and US authorities are in ‍close contact about our overall posture – to ensure NATO retains our ‍robust capacity to deter and defend,” the NATO official said.
The White House and the Pentagon did not respond to requests for ‍comment.
MILITARY IMPACT UNCLEAR, SYMBOLIC IMPACT OBVIOUS
Reuters could not obtain a full list of NATO entities that will be affected by the new policy. About 400 US personnel are stationed within the entities that will see cuts, one of the sources said, meaning the total number of Americans at the affected NATO bodies will be reduced by roughly half.
Rather than recalling servicemembers from their current posts, the US will for the most part decline to ​backfill them as they move on from their positions, the sources said. The drawdown comes as the alliance traverses one of the most diplomatically fraught moments in its 77-year history. Trump famously threatened to withdraw from NATO during ⁠his first presidential term and said on the campaign trail that he would encourage Russian President Vladimir Putin to attack NATO members that did not pay their fair share on defense. But he appeared to warm to NATO over the first half of 2025, effusively praising NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte and other European leaders after they agreed to boost defense spending at a June summit. In recent weeks, however, his administration has again provoked alarm across Europe. In early December, Pentagon officials told diplomats that the US wants Europe to take over the majority of NATO’s conventional defense capabilities, from intelligence to missiles, by 2027, a deadline that struck European officials as unrealistic. A key US national security document released shortly after called for the US to dedicate more of its military resources to the Western Hemisphere, calling into question whether Europe will continue to be a priority theater for the US. In the first weeks of 2026, Trump has revived his longstanding campaign to acquire Greenland, an overseas territory of Denmark, enraging officials in Copenhagen and throughout Europe, many of whom believe any territorial aggression within the alliance would mark the end of NATO. Over the weekend, ‌Trump said he would slap several NATO countries with tariffs starting February 1 due to their support for Denmark’s sovereignty over the island. That has caused European Union officials to mull retaliatory tariffs of their own.

The Latest English LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on January 20-21/2026
The European Union's 'Woke Stasi Commissars': Europeans Turned into 'Second Class' Citizens
Guy Millière/Gatestone Institute/January 20, 2026
The EU sanctions have resulted in grotesque consequences for both men. Their bank accounts in the EU have been frozen. They cannot use their credit cards. They have no right to enter EU countries. Baud is subsisting on the food stored in his house in Belgium.... According to one report, "[h]is ability to travel inside the EU was revoked. He cannot even return to his own country." The French government, which sanctioned both men while providing no proof of guilt or affording them due process, has asked that the sanctions be extended to all EU member countries. While one might disagree with what the two men said and wrote, freedom of speech is, or should be, one of the fundamental principles of a democratic society, which France and the EU purport to be.
France's request that the EU sanction "propagandists," and the EU's decision to take arbitrary measures without even asking France for any proof of wrongdoing or offering any kind of due process, signals that what is happening in France could easily spread to the rest of Europe. The EU already has in place crippling censorship measures for online media and social networks. The DSA [Digital Services Act] decrees that social media and websites must "police what they publish" or risk high fines. It is, of course, the European Commission itself that decides what is "illegal" or "harmful", so it can issue whatever judgments it wants. During the 2024 US election campaign, when Elon Musk said he would conduct an interview with then-candidate Donald Trump on X, the social media Musk owns, Thierry Breton, then European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services and the "mastermind" behind the DSA, sent Musk a letter saying that the EU could levy fines against X if the interview contained "illegal content." Musk, replying that he did not accept threats, went ahead with the interview. The EU promptly fined X €120 million (about $140 million) in December 2025 for breaching the DSA. Musk described the EU officials as "woke Stasi commissars" and added, "The EU should be abolished".
The DSA was written by unelected, unaccountable, untransparent and irremovable senior EU officials, then voted in by the European Parliament, which has no real power and is just an approval body for what the European Commission decides. The DSA was not voted on by the national parliaments of EU member states. All citizens of EU member countries are now faced with a mandated requirement to which they never agreed.
The European Commission, apparently not content with that, is reportedly planning to go further. It is preparing a new law, "Chat Control", which would allow the "automatic scan[ning] of private content (texts, images, videos) sent through messaging platforms such as WhatsApp and Telegram, or prompts sent to AI platforms (e.g. ChatGPT) [that] would take place 'client-side,' before its encryption, meaning directly on your phone, tablet or computer." The "Chat Control" software would then "forward any material flagged as prohibited to law enforcement agencies." This would herald potential total control of every online conversation and the impossibility of speaking freely without being monitored.
Every effort is being made by those in power within the ruling structures of the EU to ensure that parties in favor of national sovereignty and opposed to uncontrolled immigration and the Islamization of Europe are kept out of power, despite the exploding support from voters.
The fatal vulnerability of all democracies is that politicians are usually more concerned with seeking votes and keeping their jobs than about where their countries are going.
Undermining freedom of speech, freedom of the media, and freedom of political choice -- as well as treating disagreements on important issues such as foreign policy, immigration, Islamization and national sovereignty as punishable crimes -- has become an integral part of the erosion of European civilization. The idea of ​​democracy was born in Europe, but European countries and the EU are painstakingly throwing it away.
Every effort is being made by those in power within the ruling structures of the European Union to ensure that parties in favor of national sovereignty and opposed to uncontrolled immigration and the Islamization of Europe are kept out of power, despite the exploding support from voters. December 15. France. Two men, Jacques Baud and Xavier Moreau, who commented online about the war in Ukraine, discovered that they were among 12 people being sanctioned by the European Union for allegedly spreading propaganda for the Russian government. Some of the 12 people are propagandists, just not them. No evidence so far has proven that they had any ties with either the Russian government or Russian intelligence agencies.
Baud, who lives in Belgium, is both a former colonel in the Swiss Army and a former member of the Swiss Strategic Intelligence Service. He has published several books on the war in Ukraine, and apparently uses various sources, most not Russian. He appears on radio in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Moreau, a former captain in the French Army, lives in Russia, where he created a consultancy business, Sokol Holding, for several embassies, and Stratpol, a website for geopolitical analysis. Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, he has used many sources, some Russian, most not.
The EU sanctions have resulted in grotesque consequences for both men. Their bank accounts in the EU have been frozen. They cannot use their credit cards. They have no right to enter EU countries.
Baud is subsisting on the food stored in his house in Belgium. He has also been deprived of his right to speak on EU television or radio stations. According to one report, "[h]is ability to travel inside the EU was revoked. He cannot even return to his own country." Lawyers are trying to help him obtain authorization to travel back to Switzerland.
Xavier Moreau, in Russia, also has an apartment in Paris. He cannot even pay his French property taxes. Lawyers are trying to help him find a way to pay what the French government claims he owes.
The French government, which sanctioned both men while providing no proof of guilt or affording them due process, has asked that the sanctions be extended to all EU member countries. The French government and the EU did not even send them a letter to inform the two men of the sanctions against them, let alone give them an opportunity to defend themselves or prove their innocence in a court of law. The decisions against them appear arbitrary and authoritarian.
While one might disagree with what the two men said and wrote, freedom of speech is, or should be, one of the fundamental principles of a democratic society, which France and the EU purport to be. Political disagreements should not lead to punishment.
It would be a mistake to think that the sanctions against these men are a mistake or just a simple and regrettable slip-up. It is part of a trend.
The French government has increasingly been making overbearing decisions that infringe on freedom of speech. An official French institution, Arcom, in charge of controlling what is said on French television and radio, has the power of life and death over them. In February 2025, Arcom decided to close a French television channel, C8. Arcom claimed that C8 did not respect its "public service" obligations. C8's main talk show host, Cyril Hanouna, has often criticized French President Emmanuel Macron and has invited commentators who are never invited on other talk shows, such as members of the "yellow vest revolt" or physicians who disagreed with Macron's decisions during the Covid-19 crisis.
Macron reportedly asked members of the French government to boycott Hanouna; several accused him of belonging to the "far right". Arcom -- claiming that Hanouna spoke "disrespectfully" to both the socialist mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, and a leftist member of the national assembly, Louis Boyard -- imposed heavy fines on the channel: €300,000 ($350,000) for Hidalgo and €3.5 million ($4,000,000) for Boyard; then simply decided to close the channel. Four hundred people lost their jobs. Hanouna could, theoretically, create a new talk show on a different channel, but his new employer strongly "invited" him to adopt an "apolitical tone".
In June 2025, TV Libertés, a small, private television station that includes commentators who criticize Macron and often disagree with French foreign policy, was confronted with the closure of its bank accounts -- forcing it to the brink of bankruptcy. The bank gave no explanation; it just said that the decision had been made "at a high level". TV Libertés could survive by opening a bank account at a different bank, but what just happened could easily happen again -- and the channel might not survive.
What happened to TV Libertés was also visited upon Marc Touati, a French economist who produces a successful weekly podcast. Not only was his bank account closed, but also the accounts of his wife and children. Again, the bank gave no explanation other than, again, that the decision had been made "at a high level".
Macron, responding to a journalist who asked him if he wanted to control information in France, said:
"I think it would be important to have labels given by professionals who can say 'This complies with ethical standards,' or 'This comes from people who manipulate information' ; it's a dangerous matter, information."
Philippe de Villiers, a businessman, former Member of the National Assembly and former Secretary of State for Culture, replied:
"A Ministry of Truth is what Macron dreams of, but he doesn't know that it has already been imagined, in a book by Orwell."
France's request that the EU sanction "propagandists," and the EU's decision to take arbitrary measures without even asking France for any proof of wrongdoing or offering any kind of due process, signals that what is happening in France could easily spread to the rest of Europe. The EU already has in place crippling censorship measures for online media and social networks.
The European Commission (the executive arm of the EU that writes European laws and directives and then enforces them) in 2023 created the Digital Services Act (DSA). It aims to control the content of social media and websites (every newspaper, magazine, TV, or radio station has a website) and to forbid content defined as "illegal" or "harmful". The DSA decrees that social media and websites must "police what they publish" or risk high fines. It is, of course, the European Commission itself that decides what is "illegal" or "harmful", so it can issue whatever judgments it wants.
During the 2024 US election campaign, when Elon Musk said he would conduct an interview with then-candidate Donald Trump on X, the social media Musk owns, Thierry Breton, then European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services and the "mastermind" behind the DSA, sent Musk a letter saying that the EU could levy fines against X if the interview contained "illegal content."
Musk, replying that he did not accept threats, went ahead with the interview. The EU promptly fined X €120 million (about $140 million) in December 2025 for breaching the DSA. Musk described the EU officials as "Woke Stasi commissars" and added, "The EU should be abolished".
The DSA was written by unelected, unaccountable, untransparent and irremovable senior EU officials, then voted in by the European Parliament, which has no real power and is just an approval body for what the European Commission decides. The DSA was not voted on by the national parliaments of EU member states. All citizens of EU member countries are now faced with a mandated requirement to which they never agreed.
The European Commission, apparently not content with that, is reportedly planning to go further. It is preparing a new law, "Chat Control", which would allow the "automatic scan[ning] of private content (texts, images, videos) sent through messaging platforms such as WhatsApp and Telegram, or prompts sent to AI platforms (e.g. ChatGPT) [that] would take place 'client-side,' before its encryption, meaning directly on your phone, tablet or computer."
The "Chat Control" software would then "forward any material flagged as prohibited to law enforcement agencies." This would herald potential total control of every online conversation and the impossibility of speaking freely without being monitored.
Freedom of speech -- one of the main components of democracy, which goes hand-in-hand with political freedom -- is under severe threat in the EU. One report characterized the EU's attitude toward citizens' online participation as "Europe's tech law has turned Europeans into second-class digital citizens."
In Romania's 2024 presidential election, polls showed that Calin Georgescu, the leading candidate in the first round, would win. Georgescu, highly critical of the EU, was advocating for his country to regain more sovereignty. Pressure from the EU, amid unproven rumors that he benefitted from "Russian interference," led to the cancellation of the second round of the election. When the presidential election was held again in 2025, Georgescu was banned from running.
In Germany, the AfD (Alternative for Germany) is now the country's strongest political party. Its program is nationalist and conservative. The AfD supports free market economics and backing the only democracy in the Middle East, Israel. Germany's domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, classified the AfD as a "right-wing extremist" group. Understandably, its rivals, other German political parties, would evidently be happy to see it banned and permanently excluded from German political life.
In France, on May 31, 2025, a court -- on the pretext of misappropriation of EU funds -- handed down a four-year prison sentence to National Rally Party leader Marine Le Pen, and banned her from holding public office for five years. Le Pen, who had been favored to win the 2027 presidential election, has appealed, but it is unlikely that a court will overturn the sentence. Her party's next-in-line, Jordan Bardella, could also reportedly win the presidential election, but in the summer of 2025 police, acting on the orders of the National Financial Prosecutor, seized documents concerning him from the party headquarters, and he is expected to be prosecuted and convicted on some pretext, as well.
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán refuses to allow mass immigration into his country -- which was already occupied by the Islamic Ottoman Empire for nearly 160 years (1541-1699). He does not appear eager for a return to that and is determined to defend Hungary's sovereignty. As a result, he faces significant EU pressure, which includes heavy fines imposed on Hungary.
The political positions of Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico and Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš are similar to Hungary's; they too could soon face the same EU punishments as Orbán.
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who shares many of Orban's positions, is currently an exception – she has no problem with the EU. Italy, however, already has admitted vast numbers of migrants. They now number roughly 9% of the population -- but reportedly commit 30% of the crimes, often against other migrants. Last October, Human Rights Watch urged "Italy to end its migration cooperation agreement with Libya, saying the arrangement 'has proven to be a framework for violence and suffering, and should be revoked, not renewed.'"
Every effort is being made by those in power within the ruling structures of the EU to ensure that parties in favor of national sovereignty and opposed to uncontrolled immigration and the Islamization of Europe are kept out of power, despite the exploding support from voters.
Historian Daniel Pipes calls these parties "civilizationist": their main aim is to save European civilization, whereas those in power within the ruling structures of the EU seem ready to let European civilization fade away.
US Vice President J.D. Vance, in saying that Europe is eroding free speech and core democratic values, ​​shocked most European leaders, yet every day shows how right, if not inordinately diplomatic, he was.
Europe, according to the Trump administration's 2025 National Security Strategy, is not just in decline, but risks "civilizational erasure." Most European leaders again appeared ruffled, offended and shocked, but the words, sadly, appear true.
The fatal vulnerability of all democracies is that politicians are usually more concerned with seeking votes and keeping their jobs than about where their countries are going.
Undermining freedom of speech, freedom of the media, and freedom of political choice -- as well as treating disagreements on important issues such as foreign policy, immigration, Islamization and national sovereignty as punishable crimes -- has become an integral part of the erosion of European civilization. The idea of ​​democracy was born in Europe, but European countries and the EU are painstakingly throwing it away. It would be most unfortunate if old authoritarian temptations from a hundred years ago were to resurface in Europe just when they finally seemed to have been eradicated.
Those in power in France and within the ruling structures of the EU have been increasingly violating the fundamental principles upon which the "European project" was founded. These rulers seem indifferent to the possibility that they are leading Europe to its irrevocable doom.
**Dr. Guy Millière, a professor at the University of Paris, is the author of 27 books on France and Europe.
© 2026 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute.

Sudan's War Has a Center of Gravity: The Muslim Brotherhood Behind al-Burhan's Regime

Robert Williams/Gatestone Institute/January 20/2026
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/22209/sudan-war-muslim-brotherhood
Since the outbreak of full-scale war in April 2023, Muslim Brotherhood loyalists have not merely supported the Sudanese army — they have embedded themselves within its operational, intelligence, and political core.
In effect, the war has allowed the [Muslim] Brotherhood's defenders to re-enter the state through the back door, under the cover of national defense.
Politically, Brotherhood-aligned parties and media outlets have worked aggressively to undermine ceasefire efforts, reject negotiations, and delegitimize civilian alternatives, framing the war as an existential struggle against "foreign agents" and "enemies of Islam." This rhetoric is not incidental — it is designed to justify indefinite conflict while positioning the Brotherhood as an indispensable wartime ally.
While the Brotherhood and al-Qaeda differed ideologically – with al-Qaeda preferring armed struggles and the adherents of the Brotherhood preferring gradual infiltration and political power – they converged tactically. Sudan served as a permissive environment where extremist networks could operate with minimal restraint.
Under Brotherhood-dominated governance, Sudan hosted Osama bin Laden from 1991 to 1996.....
The Brotherhood's relationship with Hamas further illustrates its role as a regional facilitator of militant movements.
For Iran, Sudan offered geographic reach. For the followers of the Brotherhood, Iranian support provided leverage, resources, and regional relevance. Ideology proved secondary to shared enemies and mutual utility.
[T]he Muslim Brotherhood is not an external influence on al-Burhan's regime — it is its ideological and organizational backbone.
A regime such as Sudan's, whose core is built on a movement with a documented history of hosting al-Qaeda, financing Hamas, cooperating with Iran, and undermining democratic transitions, cannot serve as a reliable partner for stability.
Sudan's war has many fronts, but its center of gravity remains the same. Until the grip of the Brotherhood's extremists on the state is broken, peace will remain elusive — and instability will remain policy.
At the core of the Sudanese military regime led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan lies a deeply entrenched ideological and organizational force: the revolutionaries of the Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood.
By any serious measure, the Sudanese military regime led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan does not operate in isolation. At its core lies a deeply entrenched ideological and organizational force: the revolutionaries of the Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood.
While international attention has largely framed Sudan's war as a struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), this binary obscures a more consequential reality. The conflict is also the latest chapter in the Brotherhood's decades-long project to dominate the Sudanese state — by force when necessary, by infiltration when possible, and by regional alliances when useful.
The Brotherhood as a Wartime Power Broker
Since the outbreak of full-scale war in April 2023, Muslim Brotherhood loyalists have not merely supported the Sudanese army — they have embedded themselves within its operational, intelligence, and political core.
Brotherhood-linked networks mobilized thousands of former intelligence officers, Islamist cadres, and veterans of earlier jihadi campaigns to fight alongside the SAF. These fighters were organized into ideologically driven militias, most prominently the Al-Bara ibn Malik Battalion, alongside formations such as the Shield of the Homeland and North Shield. According to documented reporting, these units received arms, financing, and logistical support through official military channels, blurring the line between state forces and Islamist militias.
Politically, Brotherhood-aligned parties and media outlets have worked aggressively to undermine ceasefire efforts, reject negotiations, and delegitimize civilian alternatives, framing the war as an existential struggle against "foreign agents" and "enemies of Islam." This rhetoric is not incidental — it is designed to justify indefinite conflict while positioning the Brotherhood as an indispensable wartime ally.
The creation of so-called "popular resistance" structures, endorsed by al-Burhan's command, has provided the Brotherhood's worldview with a new institutional incubator after the formal dissolution of its former ruling party. In effect, the war has allowed the Brotherhood's defenders to re-enter the state through the back door, under the cover of national defense.
A Proven Pattern: From al-Qaeda to the Present
This strategy is not new. The Brotherhood's wartime posture today mirrors its behavior during the 1990s, when Sudan became one of the world's most important hubs for transnational jihadist networks.
Under Brotherhood-dominated governance, Sudan hosted Osama bin Laden from 1991 to 1996, providing him safe haven, business opportunities, and operational freedom. During this period, al-Qaeda established financial, agricultural, and training infrastructure inside Sudan — facilitated by state protection.
The consequences were global. Sudan was later linked to:
The 1995 attempted assassination of Egypt's president in Ethiopia
The 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania
The 2000 attack on the USS Cole
These links resulted in Sudan's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism — a designation that would last for nearly three decades.
While the Brotherhood and al-Qaeda differed ideologically – with al-Qaeda preferring armed struggles and the adherents of the Brotherhood preferring gradual infiltration and political power – they converged tactically. Sudan served as a permissive environment where extremist networks could operate with minimal restraint. The lesson is clear: when empowered by the state, the covert Brotherhood has historically enabled forces far more radical than itself.
Hamas, Finance, and the Infrastructure of Militancy
The Brotherhood's relationship with Hamas further illustrates its role as a regional facilitator of militant movements.
Beginning in the early 1990s, Sudan hosted Hamas offices, personnel, and investment vehicles. Brotherhood leader Hassan al-Turabi acted as a political sponsor and mediator, helping Hamas consolidate its regional standing. Over time, Hamas benefited from preferential business treatment, tax exemptions, and unrestricted capital flows through Sudanese companies and charities.
After the fall of Omar al-Bashir in 2019, Sudanese authorities dismantled a network of Hamas-linked companies, seizing real estate, agricultural land, factories, media outlets, and financial firms valued in the tens of millions of dollars. U.S. sanctions later confirmed that Sudanese-based financiers had transferred approximately $20 million to Hamas through these structures.
Sudan was not merely a financial hub — it was a logistical corridor.
Iran: Pragmatic Alliance, Strategic Consequences
Despite Sunni-Shia differences, the Brotherhood's relationship with Iran was driven by strategic pragmatism. Sudan served as a transit point for Iranian weapons destined for Hamas, particularly between 2009 and 2012. Arms originating in Iran and post-Gaddafi Libya moved through Sudan toward Gaza, contributing to Israel's decision to strike Sudanese targets multiple times during that period.
For Iran, Sudan offered geographic reach. For the followers of the Brotherhood, Iranian support provided leverage, resources, and regional relevance. Ideology proved secondary to shared enemies and mutual utility.
The Core of al-Burhan's Regime
Taken together, these patterns lead to an unavoidable conclusion: the Muslim Brotherhood is not an external influence on al-Burhan's regime — it is its ideological and organizational backbone.
The Brotherhood affiliates supply:
Fighters and militias that reinforce the SAF
Intelligence and security expertise embedded in state institutions
Political justification for prolonged war
Regional networks capable of mobilizing finance, propaganda, and external support
Al-Burhan's leadership, in turn, provides the Brotherhood loyalists with legitimacy, arms, and access to the state — replicating the same bargain that sustained Islamist rule under Omar al-Bashir.
This symbiosis explains why international pressure for negotiations has repeatedly failed. Any meaningful transition to civilian rule would dismantle the Brotherhood's reconstituted power — and that is precisely what the current regime cannot afford.
Why This Matters for the United States
For U.S. policymakers, Sudan's crisis cannot be resolved by focusing solely on personalities or battlefield dynamics. The structural role of the Muslim Brotherhood must be confronted.
A regime such as Sudan's, whose core is built on a movement with a documented history of hosting al-Qaeda, financing Hamas, cooperating with Iran, and undermining democratic transitions, cannot serve as a reliable partner for stability.
Ignoring this reality risks repeating the mistakes of the 1990s — when Sudan was treated as a conventional state actor, even as it incubated networks that would later destabilize the region and threaten U.S. interests.
Sudan's war has many fronts, but its center of gravity remains the same. Until the grip of the Brotherhood's extremists on the state is broken, peace will remain elusive — and instability will remain policy.
**Robert Williams is based in the United States.
© 2026 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute.

Washington’s Human Rights Sanctions Against Tehran Won’t Halt Regime Brutality

Janatan Sayeh & Bridget Toomey/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
The Trump administration issued its first round of Iran-related human rights sanctions on January 15, almost three weeks after Iranians took to the streets in the largest protests in the Islamic Republic’s history. Two days earlier, President Donald Trump told the Iranian people demonstrating for regime change to, “Save the names of the killers and abusers. They will pay a big price.”Regime forces, supplemented by around 5,000 terrorists deployed from Tehran’s network of regional militias, have slaughtered between 12,000 and 20,000 peaceful protestors with heavy military equipment. They have even executed injured protestors inside hospitals. Despite this flagrant violation of Trump’s red line, the ongoing violent crackdown, and the continuing internet blackout, Iranians continue to protest.
Designation Names Serious Human Rights Abusers
The Treasury Department designated Ali Larijani, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, for leading the violent crackdown at the behest of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Treasury’s statement noted that, “Larijani was one of the first Iranian leaders to call for violence in response to the legitimate demands of the Iranian people.”The action also identified four commanders in Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for committing “multiple atrocities targeting Iranian civilians.” The designations mark the first time that the current Trump administration has invoked a 2010 Executive Order entitled “Designating Iranian Officials Responsible for or Complicit in Serious Human Rights Abuses.”As part of the Trump maximum pressure campaign to cut off funding for the Islamic Republic, the designation also included 18 individuals and entities involved in Iran’s illicit shadow banking network, which finances the regime.
Security Forces Terrorize Families of Victims
Plainclothes regime forces and IRGC members have reportedly raided the homes of protesters killed in recent demonstrations, fired shots into walls, verbally abused family members, and pointedly emptied household refrigerators during widespread food shortages and soaring prices.
Security officials also instructed families to appear at dawn to receive the bodies of their slaughtered loved ones, ordering that burial ceremonies be carried out individually and completed overnight to prevent large gatherings at funerals. Families were threatened that failure to comply would result in the bodies being buried in mass graves.
Authorities also demanded payment for the killings, charging 2.5 billion rials per bullet fired at the victim, roughly $1,700, and imposing a fee of 7 billion rials, about $4,700, for the release of a body.
Judiciary Reinforces Repression Through Legal Means
Iran’s Prosecutor General Mohammad Movahedi Azad, authorized the regime’s law enforcement agencies to identify and report the assets of protesters. He claimed that the measure was meant to function as a deterrent, calling on individuals and companies claiming financial losses to submit documentation so that the authorities can pursue punitive action against protesters and their supporters.
The head of the judiciary, Gholamhossein Mohseni-Ejei, declared that no “leniency or tolerance” would be shown, promising expedited prosecutions while praising the aggressive measures adopted by the armed forces. The judiciary has also labeled unarmed protestors as “terrorists,” falsely accusing them of operating on behalf of the U.S. and Israel. Protestors face the charge of moharebeh (enmity against God) — a capital offense which the regime often uses to justify the execution of political activists. These statements are not mere threats. The Islamic Republic is the world’s highest per-capita executioner. In 2025, the regime carried out roughly 1,500 executions, nearly double the 975 recorded in 2024.
There Are High Costs to Inaction
Threats and condemnations can postpone executions, but they cannot prevent them entirely. Failure to act decisively risks losing momentum on the ground, squandering an unprecedented opportunity for the U.S. while the internal legitimacy of the regime is eroded and its military weakened six months after extensive Israeli and U.S. strikes. Non-kinetic measures such as cyber operations and psychological operations can help, but to meaningfully aid Iranians, the calculus on the ground must shift so that the regime’s apparatus of repression faces a clear risk.
*Janatan Sayeh is a research analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), where he focuses on Iranian domestic affairs and the Islamic Republic’s regional malign influence. Bridget Toomey is a research analyst at FDD, where she focuses on Iranian proxies. For more analysis from Janatan, Bridget, and FDD, please subscribe HERE. Follow Janatan on X @JanatanSayeh and Bridget @BridgetKToomey. Follow FDD on X @FDD and @FDD_Iran. FDD is a Washington, DC-based, non-partisan research institute focused on national security and foreign policy.

It’s Time To Rethink Al Udeid Air Base

Natalie Ecanow/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
It’s been a busy week at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar. On January 14, the U.S. military started evacuating some troops from America’s largest base in the Persian Gulf region in anticipation of potential strikes against Iran. The U.S. Embassy in Doha also advised staff to “limit non-essential travel” to Al Udeid. However, the skies over Iran remained quiet, and U.S. troops began returning to the base on January 15. Al Udeid hosts approximately 10,000 troops and is home to U.S. Central Command’s (CENTCOM) forward headquarters. One day before issuing these advisories, the U.S. inaugurated an air defense operations cell at Al Udeid to “enhance integrated air and missile defense.” CENTCOM Commander Adm. Brad Cooper said that the “cell will improve how regional forces coordinate and share air and missile defense responsibilities across the Middle East.” While improving coordination on regional security is laudable, it is a mistake to saturate Qatar with U.S. military infrastructure.
Al Udeid Is in Iran’s Crosshairs
While the threat against the U.S. base may not have materialized this week, it did last summer. In June, Iran launched a ballistic missile attack against Al Udeid after the U.S. carried out strikes against Iran’s nuclear program. The United States and Qatar successfully defended against the attack. A congressional report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for 2026 acknowledged “the risk posed by the Islamic Republic of Iran’s missile and drone capabilities to Al Udeid Air Base.”
Beyond Geography, Qatar Stands With Iran
As protests against the Iranian regime swelled, Qatar’s prime minister discussed “advancing bilateral cooperation” between Doha and Tehran during a phone call on January 13 with the secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council. He had a similar conversation on January 15 with Iran’s foreign minister.
Meanwhile, Doha launched a full-court press to convince the United States to hold its fire. Former Qatari Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al-Thani said on January 13 that, “We disagree with Iran on many issues,” but that the Trump administration, not the Iranian regime, must turn down the temperature in the region. “There must be a unified Gulf position, if possible, to try to persuade America to enter into serious and short negotiations to end the crisis and tension,” he said. A Saudi source told the media that Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Oman “led a long, frantic, diplomatic last-minute effort to convince President Trump to give Iran a chance to show good intention.”
It’s a Mistake To Place All of America’s Eggs in Qatar’s Basket
Qatar has indicated more than once that it doesn’t want the United States to launch attacks against Iran from Al Udeid Air Base. Moreover, by concentrating American military assets in Qatar, the United States grants Doha leverage over American decision making — a reality made more dangerous by Qatar’s warm relationship with the Islamic Republic. To mitigate the risks of concentrating American military elements at Al Udeid, the Pentagon should replicate elsewhere in the region some of the capabilities and functions housed at the base.
**Natalie Ecanow is a senior research analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD). For more analysis from Natalie and FDD, please subscribe HERE. Follow Natalie on X @NatalieEcanow. Follow FDD on X @FDD. FDD is a Washington, DC-based, nonpartisan research institute focusing on foreign policy and national security.

The Islamic Republic Kills, Europe Does Nothing

Janatan Sayeh/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
The EU and European nations — purely symbolically — called Iranian ambassadors on January 13 to account for the Islamic Republic’s mass killing of as many as 12,000 unarmed demonstrators, even as protests against the regime continued. On that day, the United Kingdom, European Union — and EU members Germany, Italy, France, and Spain in an individual capacity — summoned the Islamic Republic’s envoys to explain Tehran’s brutal behavior.
Tehran rejects the numbers and claims that the popular movement is contained, but the internet remains shut down and security forces are stepping up patrols. People are coming out despite the threat of bullets now or expedited trials that could end in executions later.
Absent meaningful consequences for the Islamic Republic, summons and tongue lashings have fallen flat, protecting no one and deterring nothing.
Killings in Iran Mirror Assad’s Mass Killings in Syria
Europe’s harsh disapproval also greeted the 2012 Houla massacre, when more than 100 civilians, including many children, were killed in central Syria. They were murdered by a combination of heavy shelling and close-range executions — all attributed to pro-regime forces. France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands expelled Syrian diplomats in weak protest. Over the next 12 years, Bashar al-Assad’s forces killed hundreds of thousands more.
This recent slaughter is not the first time the regime in Tehran has killed innocent protesters, nor is this the first tepid response from Europe. The Zahedan “Bloody Friday” massacre occurred amid the 2022 “Women, Life, Freedom” movement, when security forces killed roughly 100 demonstrators, including at least 17 children. In the 2019 Bloody November protests, authorities killed an estimated 1,500 protesters nationwide, including about 150 in the Mahshahr massacre.
Europe’s response to Assad’s early massacres was inadequate, yet the response to Islamic Republic’s killing amounts to even less.
Iran Used EU-Made Weapons and Tech To Repress Protests
During the 2022 protest wave, shotgun cartridges bearing the logo of a French-Italian manufacturer were recovered from streets where security forces fired at demonstrators. Many were killed and hundreds were blinded or partially blinded. The shells had somehow made their way into the country despite EU sanctions imposed in 2011 that were intended to prohibit exporting equipment usable for internal repression.
Islamic Republic authorities used Nokia Siemens Networks surveillance technology in the late 2000s to keep an eye on dissidents. The EU-developed systems were embedded in Iran’s telecom network, enabling security services to monitor emails, phone calls, and online activity. During the 2009 protests that followed the presidential election, the regime used this to identify activists and carry out arrests.
Tehran Hunts Down Iranian Dissidents Across Europe
In 2024, the U.S. Treasury and the United Kingdom jointly sanctioned a network tasked with assassinating Iranian dissidents and opposition activists in the UK at Tehran’s behest. The network, led by Iran-based narcotics trafficker Naji Sharif Zindashti, operated under the guidance of the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and carried out assassinations and kidnappings across multiple European countries. The European Union sanctioned eight operatives tied to the same network in July 2025 for transnational repression. Separately, Dutch authorities accused Tehran of attempting to assassinate an Iranian dissident in the Netherlands in 2024, while Metropolitan Police counterterrorism leadership stated in 2023 that police and Britain’s intelligence agency, MI5, had foiled 15 Iranian plots to kidnap or kill UK-based dissidents.
Washington Should Push EU States To Cut Diplomatic Ties With Tehran
Europe has failed to impose meaningful consequences on Iran for its terror plots across the continent, let alone for what has been done to the Iranian people at home. Washington should press EU member states and the United Kingdom to expel Iranian ambassadors and suspend diplomatic relations, mirroring the steps taken against Assad’s regime during the civil war there. The United States should also push the European Union and the United Kingdom to designate the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization for its role in repression inside Iran and in plotting attacks on European soil.
Janatan Sayeh is a research analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), where he focuses on Iranian domestic affairs and the Islamic Republic’s regional malign influence. For more analysis from the author and FDD, please subscribe HERE. Follow Janatan on X @JanatanSayeh. Follow FDD on X @FDDand @FDD_Iran. FDD is a Washington, DC-based, nonpartisan research institute focusing on national security and foreign policy.

The U.S. Designation of Jordan’s Muslim Brotherhood Needs To Be Strengthened
Ahmad Sharawi/FDD-Policy Brief/January 20/2026
Following the U.S. designation of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT), Jordan has accelerated its crackdown on the Islamist group. The U.S. decision is a positive step, but not enough. In the absence of parallel designations targeting Jordanian Brotherhood-affiliated individuals and charities, several of which continue to provide material support to Hamas, these networks continue to operate lawfully. Jordanian authorities reportedly charged leaders of the Jordanian Brotherhood with using funds raised for humanitarian relief in Gaza to provide financial support to Hamas. Among those accused were the brotherhood’s General Inspector Murad Adaileh, his deputy Ahmad Zarqan, and other members of the Shura Council, the decision-making authority within the organization.
The charges followed an investigation by Jordanian authorities which discovered that the Jordanian Brotherhood had funneled over $40 million to Hamas through a clandestine financial network. According to the investigation, the Jordanian Brotherhood relied on 44 affiliated associations and charitable fronts across Jordan “under the guise of supporting Gaza.” Under Jordanian law, funds raised for humanitarian purposes cannot be directed to non-charitable organizations overseas or to domestic political campaigns.
Hamas’s Influence Within the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood
Over the past decade, Hamas has increased its influence within the Jordanian Brotherhood. A 2017 assessment concluded that “Hamas worked in an organized fashion with the Jordanian Brotherhood … injecting huge amounts of money to recruit members,” steadily assembling a Hamas-aligned faction that came to dominate the Shura Council. The Jordanian Brotherhood’s political wing, the Islamic Action Front, which has not yet been sanctioned by Washington, even leveraged its pro-Hamas stance during the Gaza war to secure an electoral victory, exploiting the conflict to collect donations for the people in Gaza without “any evidence of coordination with humanitarian or international relief mechanisms.”
The Jordanian Brotherhood has been explicit in calling for Hamas to be permitted to reopen its offices in Jordan, which were shuttered by the authorities in 1999. After the October 7, 2023, Hamas assault on Israel, brotherhood-affiliated protesters often wore Hamas headbands, chanting in Arabic, “All of Jordan is Hamas!”
Many Charities in Jordan Continue To Operate Despite Government Ban
After a Jordanian Brotherhood plot to manufacture rockets and drones was exposed last year, the Jordanian authorities began targeting the organization through the enforcement of a 2020 judicial ruling that banned it outright. Yet Jordanian Brotherhood-affiliated organizations remain deeply entrenched across Jordan’s education, health, and social services sectors, where they operate under the guise of charitable work.
In June 2025, the government moved against one such entity, the Green Crescent Charity, which specializes in foster care and the provision of educational, social, and health care services to impoverished families. The charity is headed by Hamzah Mansour, a senior Jordanian Brotherhood figure and former parliamentarian affiliated with the Islamic Action Front. The organization was deemed by the authorities to have violated Jordanian law by launching fundraising campaigns without obtaining the required licenses. However, the majority of the 44 affiliated entities identified by the investigation remain operational. Amman has offered no explanation for why these organizations were not targeted. Critically, the Islamic Charity Center Society, which is considered the social welfare arm of the Jordanian Brotherhood, was spared.
The U.S. Should Target the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood’s Full Network, Including Charities, Companies, and Individuals
Following the United States’ designation of the Jordanian Brotherhood, any charity, company, or individual faces the risk of designation by the Treasury if it provides material support to the organization, particularly through financial assistance or fundraising. Charities, companies, or individuals acting on the Jordanian Brotherhood’s behalf, including by serving as a representative, should also be targeted alongside those it directly owns or controls.
*Ahmad Sharawi is a senior research analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD). For more analysis from Ahmad and FDD, please subscribe HERE. Follow Ahmad on X @AhmadA_Sharawi. Follow FDD on X @FDD. FDD is a Washington, DC-based, nonpartisan research institute focusing on national security and foreign policy.

Trump’s hesitation on Iran: Why a prompt strike, even if only symbolic, is crucial

Jacob Nagel/The Jerusalem Post/January 20/2026
The world, including Israel, went to sleep a few days ago with the understanding and expectation of a significant American strike on Iran, following the brutal suppression of protests, the indiscriminate killing of thousands (and perhaps tens of thousands) of demonstrators, and President Donald Trump’s promises of imminent assistance. Yet, despite all the signs, the world awoke to a reality in which President Trump had still not struck, reminiscent of what happened in the past under President Obama in Syria.
Because President Trump and Prime Minister Netanyahu spoke during the day preceding the “planned strike” (the call was confirmed by both Jerusalem and Washington, though its content was not disclosed), reports began spreading on social media like wildfire that Netanyahu had asked Trump to delay the strike, or perhaps even not to strike at all, in order to give Israel time to prepare for a response. As a result, inside those reports, responsibility for the fact that the United States did not strike Iran was placed solely on Israel. Regardless of whether these reports are true, partially true, or not true at all, it is crucial to understand and internalize that the responsibility and the decision rest with President Trump alone. This is a principled and highly important decision, and even if he consults with the Prime Minister of Israel and perhaps other leaders in the Middle East, anyone familiar with Trump and his decision-making style must know that the decision, apparently still not taken, resides solely between the President’s own ears.
In the days before the “planned strike’, we witnessed the materialization of all the preliminary indicators leading to a strike: recommendations for Americans to leave Iran, the evacuation of families and non-essential personnel from US bases in the Gulf, the deployment of some critical assets in the region, and the explicit threats by the President and his aides. Despite all this, the strike has not yet taken place, likely due to internal debates within the administration, stemming primarily from the difficulty of defining a clear objective and a desired endgame outcome for a possible strike, of whatever scope is chosen. There is no indication that the administration has defined a goal of toppling the regime and replacing it, particularly since it is clear that the right way to do it is through the Iranian people, not via an external actor.
The greatest danger is no strike at all
However, the great danger that must be prevented is that the chain of events will lead to the United States ultimately not striking Iran at all, even symbolically. In such a case, regardless of what was said in Netanyahu-Trump conversations, Netanyahu will be blamed. Iranian protesters, who are already off the streets out of fear of brutal repression, will conclude that they have no one to rely on and that help will not come from any external actor; consequently, they will not return to the streets.
President Trump, as part of his campaign for the Nobel Prize, will then declare that thanks to his clear threats, calm has returned to the streets of Iran, and now is the time to enter negotiations with Khamenei and his associates on all disputed issues. This is a realistic and catastrophic scenario, because it is clear how it would end. Not once in the past has entering the negotiating room with Iran produced a good agreement, except for the Iranians.
Because this scenario is realistic and highly likely if there is no strike, and because President Trump is apparently still deliberating, it must be made clear to him, regardless of what was said in previous conversations, that he must strike Iran. Preferably, there should be a broad American strike on infrastructure facilities, regime institutions, and on the entities and individuals who led the suppression of the protests. But even if a broad strike is not approved, a symbolic strike may still avert the danger of drifting into calm that leads to negotiations whose outcome would be highly problematic for both the United States and Israel. If, despite this, the recommendation is not accepted and we will arrive at an undesirable US–Iran negotiation, then after the Israeli-US campaign that destroyed large parts of Iran’s nuclear infrastructure, ballistic missiles, and drones, only one objective should remain for negotiations: the complete dismantlement of whatever remains of the nuclear and ballistic missiles programs and capabilities. We must not continue creating illusions, partial and incremental agreements, and diplomatic “games”.
A new round of talks with Iran
The problem is that the president’s special envoy Witkoff, together with Jared Kushner, are apparently pushing for a new round of talks with Tehran, inspired by Qatar, Turkey, and even Saudi Arabia, and we must stop it in time.
Trump’s old ultimatum to Tehran was sharp and clear: “Accept the terms of the United States or face the consequences.” This threat must remain, accompanied by determination. Any entry into negotiations without clear preconditions that Iran must fulfill could be dangerous. Now, after Iran’s capabilities have been severely damaged and the state is close to security and economic collapse, the threshold for entering talks must be very high. Any negotiations must begin only after Iran meets concrete, verifiable preliminary demands.
Iran enriched uranium to high levels in violation of IAEA decisions, attacked Israel directly from Iranian territory, and launched hundreds of ballistic missiles, more than a thousand drones, and dozens of cruise missiles against civilian and military targets. Iran must dismantle all nuclear infrastructure and missile and UAV production infrastructure and sites, destroy existing stockpiles, and halt any development of delivery systems capable of carrying nuclear warheads, including intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that can also threaten the United States.
In the past, Iran has specialized in exploiting diplomacy to buy time, deceive, and mislead while continuing to advance its programs, as it is doing today, focusing on building new underground capabilities that are currently presented as benign but will, in the future, be outfitted with facilities to develop nuclear and ballistic capabilities that cannot be struck from the air, according to foreign reports. The United States must continue on the path President Trump declared during the protests in Iran and provide the assistance and answers he promised to Iranian citizens yearning for change. External support would reignite the flames and the protests and might lead to the breaking of the protective front shielding the current corrupt regime, and to its replacement by the Iranian people.
**Brig. Gen. (res.) Jacob Nagel is a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) and a professor at the Technion. He served as National Security Advisor to Prime Minister Netanyahu and as the head of the National Security Council (acting).
https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-883616

Read in The Jerusalem Post

Is the new Turkish-Saudi-Pakistani defense pact an attempt at an Islamic NATO or a strategic self-sabotage?

Sinan Ciddi, and William Doran/The National Interest/January 20/2026
The idea of a budding “Islamic NATO” under Turkey, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia might seem bold and fresh in a period of Middle Eastern “realignment.” But don’t dismiss it out of hand as the emergence of a symbolic new regional alliance: the trilateral convergence risks creating conflicting security commitments. In the event that a pact is signed, NATO’s southern flank might face strategic incoherence if Ankara’s obligations were to diverge from the alliance’s priorities, challenging coordination with Washington and European partners.
Given Pakistan’s status as a nuclear power, the pact could perpetuate strategic ambiguities. Even if official language doesn’t extend Pakistan’s nuclear umbrella to partners, the perception of potential nuclear backing for Saudi Arabia—and, eventually, Turkey—could heighten crisis instability and miscalculation risks. One disgruntled state is India. Pakistan’s contentious relationship with India is well-established. India has already expressed concern over the emergence of the Saudi-Pakistan pact signed in September 2025. Adding Turkey, whose ties with India are already fraught, is likely to intensify strategic competition across the wider Indo-Middle East corridor.
Perhaps most worryingly, the pact between the three Muslim states is likely to be perceived and possibly marketed as a counter-balancing initiative to Israel and the Abraham Accords signatory states, which in turn is a motivator to harden security competition throughout the region that could “destabilize already fragile balances, undermine existing deterrence frameworks, and sharply increase risks for Israel and Western interests.”
Whose NATO Is Turkey Loyal To?
It would be mere hypocrisy to suggest Turkey is forbidden from seeking strategic alliances outside of NATO, after all, some of the United States’ most important allies are non-NATO countries. But despite some analysts’ insistence that concern over Turkey’s reduced commitment to NATO is missing the point, Ankara joining a defense pact with Riyadh and a nuclear-armed Islamabad is a serious conflict of interest.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s interest in the so-called “Islamic NATO” is based on his desire to maneuver against the alliance to which Turkey has been a party for 74 years. This avoidance and rejection of responsibility are clear divergences from the mutual defense agreements Washington has pursued beyond NATO. This presents a major problem for three NATO priorities worldwide: protecting democracy, nuclear nonproliferation, and counterterrorism.
Riyadh and Islamabad might not be explicit adversaries of NATO, but Ankara’s building of a mutual defense alliance with them is a mockery of the founding pillars of “democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law” enshrined in the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty. Instead, such a nascent collective defense pact may evolve into a treaty system for undemocratic dominance in the Middle East, eschewing and opposing the interests of the United States, NATO, Israel, and other democratic partners.
In seeking an alternative collective security agreement that seeks to combine Turkey’s defense industrial base with Pakistani nuclear weapons, Erdogan may very well try to advance Turkish power by reaching for the bomb. Partnering with a volatile nuclear state with a history of selling atomic secrets—if the name AQ Khan comes to mind—brings Ankara closer to circumventing the Non-Proliferation Treaty. After all, Erdogan has long complained that he “cannot accept” NATO’s insistence that his authoritarian regime and others should not possess such weapons.
If Turkey places its defense and security visions in this new axis, NATO’s counterterrorism mission will be a serious casualty owing to “Islamic NATO’s” remarkably poor record. Shortly after the War in Afghanistan began, in which thousands of NATO soldiers gave their lives, Pakistan became a sponge for the Taliban and Al Qaeda. Osama bin Laden spent years hiding in Pakistan with the knowledge and tacit approval of Pakistani intelligence, while Washington spent billions on aiding Islamabad in counterterrorism.
Even in the absence of split loyalties, Erdogan’s Turkey sabotaged the global counter-ISIS mission at every turn. One must not forget how Erdogan let jihadist foreign fighters pour through Turkey into Iraq and Syria wholesale, or how he “responded” to ISIS’s rise by attacking the Syrian Kurds, one of the last lines of defense against the caliphate of murder.
A Golden Opportunity for China
China has never had much of a military footprint in the Middle East, which has prevented the United States from engaging in the kind of great power competition (GPC) it faces in the Indo-Pacific. Beijing’s interest instead concentrates on the Belt and Road Initiative’s (BRI) projects across the region. Given Pakistan’s role in this network, the Chinese Communist Party stands to benefit from the defense pact, risking the spread of Beijing’s influence to a new level in the Middle East. Given the scope of US missions in regional peacebuilding, counterterrorism, and nonproliferation, Washington hardly needs more GPC threats to worry about.
Turkey’s Dangerous Defense Pivot ...Is the new Turkish-Saudi-Pakistani defense pact an attempt at an Islamic NATO or a strategic self-sabotage?
Sinan Ciddi/The National Interest
Chinese military influence in Pakistan is difficult to understate. In 2024, 81 percent of Pakistan’s arms imports came from China, with Islamabad and Beijing inching closer together against growing US-India ties. This reliance makes Pakistan the springboard for China to exploit the “Islamic NATO’s” acquisition of US and NATO military technology.
Throughout BRI installations in Pakistan, China has deployed private military contractors (PMCs) and members of the Ministry of State Security––Beijing’s intelligence agency––and made the entire South Asian state a listening post. As Saudi Arabia prepares to acquire both US-made F-35s and Sino-Pakistani JF-17s for its air force, streamlined Pakistani-Saudi defense gets Chinese spies one step closer to America’s sensitive military secrets.
Turkey’s NATO technologies and capabilities are just as vulnerable to Chinese espionage under a collective defense agreement with Pakistan. Erdogan’s never-ending quest to obtain F-35s notwithstanding, he has embraced the BRI and touted his “Turkish dream” as a pursuit hand-in-hand with Xi Jinping’s “Chinese dream” of global dominance. Erdogan’s subscription to the false promises of a “benevolent” world order under Beijing’s auspices, combined with his penchant for double-crossing NATO allies, should sound alarm bells across the Atlantic.
About the Authors: Sinan Ciddi and William Doran
Sinan Ciddi is a senior fellow on Turkey at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) in Washington, DC. Sinan has over two decades of research experience focused on Turkish domestic politics and foreign policy, with bylines in Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs, Politico, Newsweek, The National Interest, and 19FortyFive. He frequently provides commentary on various media outlets, including BBC, CNN International, DW News, France 24, the Greek Current Podcast, and CBS’s John Batchelor Show. Sinan is also an associate professor of national security studies at Marine Corps University and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service.
**William Doran is a student at Georgetown University Walsh School of Foreign Service and a research intern at the Turkey Program at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies.
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/silk-road-rivalries/turkeys-dangerous-defense-pivot

Iran: Accelerated or Deferred Wars
Dr. Nassif Hitti/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
After most had expected an imminent US/Israeli strike on Iran, it never materialized. Matters have calmed somewhat for now, but questions around the scale and timing of such a strike remain. Would it send a deterrent message to Iran intended to compel a shift in its regional policy? Or, as others imagine, would the goal be to pursue an open-ended, fully-fledged war to overthrow the regime? This latter scenario, toppling the regime with a knockout blow, remains unlikely given the nature of its political system and the regime’s ideological, political, and military composition. However, the regime could be weakened, and its top brass could be left to face difficult choices, which would further contribute to undermining it. Changes in the region, most notably the change in Syria, have undoubtedly significantly weakened Tehran’s hand, and thus its strategic influence in the “power game” of the Levant. Of course, the repercussions of the Israeli war are also significant; this is a war of attrition on Lebanon, which remains unconstrained, as Lebanon has borne and continues to bear heavy losses. One must also add the changes that have occurred in Lebanon itself: the new authorities (presidency and government) have repeatedly stressed that establishing a monopoly on arms is a priority for allowing the state to regain its natural role as the sole authority to make decisions of war and peace. Despite the difficulties, and notwithstanding some progress in this area, it remains a top priority for the authorities and enjoys broad popular support under the banner of moving toward reviving the 1949 Armistice Agreement, and ending Lebanon’s function as a “mailbox” in regional conflicts.
Returning to the scenarios of a war on Iran, the objective of the US appears to remain changing Iran’s policies, particularly in foreign political and security regional affairs - that is what matters most to the international forces confronting Tehran, more so than domestic issues like popular uprising, which rang the alarm about domestic economic and livelihood challenges in particular. These are challenges the authorities must address pragmatically if they are to set the country on a path toward building stability rather than denying reality. Even if the crisis can be contained for a short period, it would not be durably resolved so long as the underlying causes of domestic social tensions remain unresolved.
Many Arab and regional parties seeking stability in the Gulf and the Middle East are working to mediate, contain the situation, halt escalation, and avert a war that could lead to many possibilities. The triad of the “nuclear issue,” “ballistic missiles,” and “proxies” involved in regional conflicts are the broad themes of the so-called “6+1” negotiations, though they are nominally “the nuclear issue.” These negotiations stumbled, stopped, and then began to return in different forms and formulas, both direct and indirect.
At this sensitive stage of the confrontation and amid multiple possible trajectories, there is a race between dialogue and conflict on the Iranian front. President Trump’s insistence on “zero nuclear enrichment” in Iran is among the most complex issues on the negotiating table, should talks resume. Tehran categorically rejects this demand, insisting instead on its right to enrichment under the terms and rules of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It should be recalled that Iran now possesses enough enriched uranium to raise enrichment levels to 90 percent, and thereby enter the nuclear club, within months.
The American proposal to establish a regional enrichment center in the Gulf, in which Iran would participate, presents an alternative to enrichment on Iranian soil that has also been categorically rejected by Tehran. The role of Israel is also a factor. A decisive question, at this highly complex regional moment, is whether Israel can push Washington toward a war with Iran despite their divergent priorities in the region. All these questions remain on indirect and direct negotiation tables, and they are interconnected. Will rising tension, accompanied by necessary yet insufficient signals of de-escalation we see from time to time, reinforce containment and allow for a gradual return to negotiations being the only option? Will we witness “limited wars” that send messages and threats through controlled escalation? Or will we see an open-ended war whose repercussions could extend beyond the immediate Iranian strategic geographical theater, albeit to varying degrees? Could this be followed by a return to negotiations under any framework? These are all questions that the coming days, both near and farther ahead, will answer.

The Cheapest Solution
Samir Atallah/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
Once again, diplomacy is advancing as a better solution than the costs and horrors of war. In Iran, where Donald Trump was convinced by his allies' vision of striking Iran. And in Greenland, where the small Kingdom of Denmark informed the American President that the Arctic island is a sovereign part of it, as the United States has recognized for a hundred years. The island's prime minister informed the White House that the people who elected him believe that it is part of Denmark, not America.
Europe quickly adopted the position of its Scandinavian partner, based on the provisions of international law and the charters of the United Nations. No one in Europe can agree to a precedent of this magnitude, because it opens the doors to the dismantling of Europe again. It is, after all, a group of warring kingdoms, duchies, and fiefdoms that knew no peace, and the diplomatic alternative only after two world wars. The difference is enormous between the two teams facing Trump: volcanic Iran in every direction, and Denmark snoozing on the seas of ice from Europe to the Pole that has no end to its frost. Diplomatic action was invented to save humanity from the barbarity of annihilation. So that wars are the last resort. The results of both are the same in all ages, and no matter how different or developed the weapons are. How unfortunate that Iran chose from the beginning a policy of hostility everywhere. It imposed on its entire neighborhood a climate of conflict and disagreement. And it found in the "Road to Jerusalem" the pretext that the Arabs had previously raised in their conflicts, and not in the conflict with Israel.
The attempts made by Arab countries have given diplomacy another chance before the strike or explosion. Those who compared the situation in Iran with the situation in Greenland missed the biggest difference, which is geography. The Latin neighborhood is one thing, and the latent flames of the Middle East are another, and the possibilities of fire in both cases are quite real: one with limited fire, and the other that could drag half the world along with America.

Exciting Developments in the Yemeni File
Amal Abdulaziz al-Hazzani/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
The statement by the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on the involvement of 21 individuals and entities in financing the Houthi militia was shocking. The statement said the targeted individuals form the financial and logistical infrastructure that enables the Houthis to continue their military operations and threaten navigation in the Red Sea. The sanctions imposed by the Treasury were under Executive Order "13224" concerning counter-terrorism.
The statement was a surprise to many, even to those who had suspicions for years. We have known since the beginning of the war a decade ago that the Houthis possessed only primitive weapons, and their combat experience did not extend beyond tribal infighting. Moreover, they had no military or intelligence training. The situation changed after Iran sent its advisors and advanced weapons, including medium- and long-range missiles, to Yemen. The Houthis transformed from a faction owning rifles and pistols into a well-armed and highly trained militia. Riyadh made every political effort to resolve the Yemeni crisis peacefully according to the outcomes of negotiations agreed upon by all Yemenis. These outcomes have become part of United Nations resolutions. However, the Houthis did not comply because they are not the masters of their own fate as Iran controls their actions.
The question here is: Did Saudi Arabia need a coalition to support the legitimacy in Yemen? And what is the nature of the need? Military? Political? Financial? Saudi Arabia decided to form the coalition out of a desire for an Arab movement to act against the dismantling of Yemen, the wasting of its capabilities, and the destruction of the future of its children. Riyadh received a response from several countries at the time, and yet, it did not really need any assistance from any country.
From a military perspective, no country in the coalition that was established in 2015 has the military capabilities that the Kingdom possesses. Its air force rivals Israel's, it has ground forces in Hadramout, and its naval forces possess advanced monitoring equipment.
On the political level, the Houthi threat gives the Kingdom the right to defend its territories. It explained its position to the UN, which in turn issued resolutions based on negotiations organized by the Kingdom between the parties to the conflict. Financial and logistical support and the provision of the necessities of life for Yemenis and health and education projects... etc., are guaranteed by the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center. Saudi Arabia has spent billions of dollars to protect Yemenis from the horrors of war.
Practically, Saudi Arabia did not need any country, except that it wanted the coalition to be an Arab entity that supports legitimacy in Yemen.
Before the US statement, the Southern Transitional Council, which claimed to protect the right of southerners to establish an independent state, disintegrated, and it became clear that some of its leaders were opportunists with their own personal goals. The dissolution of the STC turned out to be a blessing because it allowed the realignment of the loyal southern leaders under one cause. Today, the southern leaders are consulting in Riyadh to pursue their interests away from intrusive parties or figures seeking their personal benefits.
As for the Houthis, who are the main issue, we must remember that years ago, the Saudi Air Force could have destroyed Sanaa and Saada in an hour. The only reason that prevented it from doing so was the safety of the people. The Houthis are known to using people as human shields, a well-known Iranian strategy that is used by Hezbollah and Hamas. The reality is that despite refocusing attention on the southern cause and the need to resolve it, and with the revelations about the Houthis' source of funding, the Yemeni cause has become more complicated, especially with foreign parties seeking to drag Yemen into the conflicts of other countries and involving Israel as an influential party. The Yemenis are the owners of their land and if they themselves don't want to save their country from war, then no one, no matter their good intentions, will be able to help them.

A Fragile Year in Office for Lebanon’s President… Amid Global Earthquakes!
Eyad Abu Shakra/Asharq Al-Awsat/January 20/2026
A year into the term of Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, the debate rages on in a political environment that can hardly agree on a vision or an approach, and a population that harsh experiences have not taught the importance of reaching a bare minimum consensus.
Today, Lebanon’s problems seem like a drop in the ocean of the region’s troubles, indeed the troubles of the world as a whole. Let us begin from our immediate surroundings and then move farther afield: geographically, no countries are closer to Lebanon than Syria and Israel. While the shadow of the Assads (father and son) has gone after decades, the situation with Israel is entirely different. Syria is a fraternal entity, indeed a twin. That, of course, has never been the case for the “relationship” with Israel since it was established on the ruins of Palestine, its identity, and the interests of its people, Arab brothers to the Lebanese people, after the Nakba of 1948. Indeed, Lebanon and the Lebanese have long stood by their brothers and sisters, and have paid, and continue to pay, the price for Israel’s insistence on erasing Palestinian identity and denying Palestinians their human and political rights. The ongoing assaults on Lebanese territory, including Palestinian refugee camps, led to the emergence of resistance movements- Arab nationalist and leftist before they acquired an Islamic identity with direct support from Iran through Hezbollah.
Today, however, Iran itself finds itself “at the eye of the storm.” Israel succeeded in weakening Hezbollah and cutting off supplies through Syria following the fall of the Assad regime. Accordingly, developments in Iran will inevitably affect Lebanon and others across the Near East. There is also a broader dilemma: the “fate” of a regional actor the size of Iran, with its influence, reach, and the cultural and sectarian loyalties tied to it. One of the real dangers in the region, particularly for Arab states neighboring Iran, lies in what current developments will produce, regardless of the final outcome.
The “virus” of a fragmented and divided Iran will not necessarily be confined to its territory; the contagion may spread among all of its ethnic, linguistic, religious, and sectarian components beyond its borders. At that point, redrawing maps becomes very likely.
Conversely, if the major adversaries of the Tehran regime, led by the “Washington–Tel Aviv axis,” succeed in toppling the “rule of the mullahs” while preserving the state under a Persian nationalist leadership like that of the former shah’s regime—the prospects for reassuring coexistence with Arab neighbors may be slim. Here, history stands as a witness: the era of the “policeman of the Gulf,” the problems of the Shatt al-Arab, and the occupied Gulf islands.
These memories are not easy to erase, and will most likely never be erased if Israel’s Likud imposes its vision for the region’s future and presses ahead, fragmenting any large, viable entity across West Asia.
Accordingly, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon (and of course the Gulf states and the Arabian Peninsula, not to mention Türkiye and Egypt) will feel the impact of events in Iran, whatever the final outcome.
In other words, the “regional order” is now facing a serious and dangerous test. It could disappear before a clear vision of an alternative order has had time to mature. We are no stronger than Europe, which wakes up and goes to sleep anxious. There too, a “regional order” has been threatened with collapse since Russian President Vladimir Putin’s intervention in Ukraine and then US President Donald Trump’s intervention in Venezuela.
In Europe as a whole, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) stands on the brink of the abyss. The island of Greenland is turning into a “detonator” that could wipe out all the political convictions around which political elites and networks of strategic interests were shaped. Yesterday, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, whose country shares the longest land border with the United States, broke one a taboo by concluding a series of massive trade agreements with China. Western analysts immediately interpreted this step as a “practical response” to Washington’s demand that Canada become the 51st US state. Likewise, the successive signals of “solidarity” with Denmark by a number of Western European countries over Greenland point to the collapse of trust in the United States, their strongest Western ally. It is well known that these two factors have changed the calculus of Europe’s institutional elites, who sense a degree of “harmony” between Presidents Trump and Putin. The European–American scene has grown even more complex with the decline of many moderate parties (on the right, center, and left) in Western Europe and the rise of the hard right across the continent. In parallel with this rise, the far right has won several battles in Latin America, while ambiguity around the BRICS, the silent political and economic bloc, remains. Many eyes are now fixed on the options available to BRICS, especially on whether Washington can weaken China’s momentum by prying India away from the group. Beyond all of that, the future of Africa will be particularly intriguing.

Israel Won the War, So Why Is the Muslim Brotherhood Winning the Peace?
Hussain Abdul-Hussain/This is Beirut/January 20, 2026
The new regional order taking shape appears to be a haunting inversion of the post-9/11 era. At the time, the U.S. smashed Sunni powers, the Taliban and Saddam Hussein, incidentally empowering Iran and its sprawling proxy network. Washington even called Shia Islamism the more “reasonable” alternative and partnered with Tehran against Sunni jihadists. Today, Washington is poised to make a similar mistake. Hamas’s October 7 massacres of at least 1,200 Israelis shattered illusions about the rationality of Iran’s so-called “Axis of Resistance,” and spurred Jerusalem to deliver crushing blows to Tehran and its proxies. Having witnessed the destruction of the Shia axis, Washington is betting on different iterations of the Muslim Brotherhood as a "moderate" counterweight. Sunni jihadis, turbocharged by Qatar’s soft power, are now rushing to fill the regional power void.The collapse of the Iranian-led Shia Islamist order has been swift. In Lebanon, Hezbollah's diminished influence opened doors for the new government, which has yet to grasp the opportunity. In Syria, the fall of the Assad regime in late 2024—starved of Iranian support—led to a rapid takeover by Islamist forces led by Ahmad al-Sharaa. While Sharaa has traded his fatigues for business suits and rebranded his movement as a technocratic administration, his group’s jihadist DNA casts a shadow over Syria and the region. Ideally, the collapse of Iran’s proxy network should have strengthened the Abraham Accords, with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Morocco having already provided the blueprint for normalization with Israel, pragmatic governance, and economic modernization. Yet, the post-war reality has tilted toward a repackaged version of radical Sunni jihadism. Qatar and Turkey have been the architects of this shift. Leveraging its vast natural gas wealth, Doha has funneled tens of billions into regional influence, positioning itself as the indispensable mediator and financier of the new Levant. In Syria, Qatar and Turkey have emerged as the primary backers of the Sharaa government, providing debt settlements and infrastructure investment that have effectively bought the new regime’s legitimacy. While the West has offered sanctions relief in the name of humanitarian stability, it has inadvertently subsidized the rise of an Islamist-leaning state.  In Gaza, the dynamic is equally perilous. Qatar and Turkey have successfully redirected the international discourse from "disarmament" to "reconstruction." Billions in aid, ostensibly for civilian welfare, are flowing through networks that critics argue sustain the very Muslim Brotherhood ideology that birthed Hamas.
In Lebanon, while the government fails to disarm Shia Hezbollah, the Sunni loyalists of Sharaa are surging. Civil war is brewing as the Lebanese state continues going in circles. Sharaa in Syria and Muslim Brotherhood affiliates in Sudan, Somalia, and Yemen are performing a masterclass in "taqiyya," feigning moderation to secure Western aid and diplomatic recognition while consolidating Islamist control locally. Once entrenched, these groups will inevitably revert to their true aims. Their core ideology remains fundamentally incompatible with the existence of a Jewish state or Western liberal influence. By embracing Turkey and Qatar’s vision for the region, the U.S. is enabling a rollback of the progress made by the Abraham Accords. Even in Saudi Arabia, where modernization has been the watchword, the creeping influence of a triumphant Sunni Islamist bloc has blocked the drive toward normalization. Saudi press and social media are now on an all-out campaign against both the U.S. and Israel. Washington must reverse course before the Muslim Brotherhood’s "peace" becomes as deadly as Hamas’s war. The U.S. should treat the emerging Muslim Brotherhood sphere of power as a strategic threat comparable to the Iranian axis. Support must be redirected exclusively to non-Islamist governments, and reconstruction aid must be conditioned on the absolute disarmament of militant groups and a formal rejection of Brotherhood ideology.
Israel’s battlefield victories have provided a rare, historic opportunity to cleanse the region of extremist vetoes. If the U.S. allows Qatar and Turkey to fill the void with "Islamism Lite," Washington will soon find that it has merely traded one existential threat for another. Only by championing the pragmatic, inclusive model of the Abraham Accords can the Middle East finally achieve a lasting peace.

Selected Face Book & X tweets/ January 20/2026