English LCCC Newsbulletin For Lebanese, Lebanese Related, Global News & Editorials
For December 15/2024
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani
#elias_bejjani_news

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Bible Quotations For today
Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit
Holy Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Saint Matthew 01/18-25: “Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. Her husband Joseph, being a righteous man and unwilling to expose her to public disgrace, planned to dismiss her quietly. But just when he had resolved to do this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, ‘Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will bear a son, and you are to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.’ All this took place to fulfil what had been spoken by the Lord through the prophet: ‘Look, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall name him Emmanuel’, which means, ‘God is with us.’ When Joseph awoke from sleep, he did as the angel of the Lord commanded him; he took her as his wife, but had no marital relations with her until she had borne a son; and he named him Jesus.”

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on December 14-15/2024
Statues of the late tyrant Hafez al-Assad are destroyed and this is the natural end of every terrorist and satanic ruler/Elias Bejjani/December 14, 2024
Elias Bejjani/Text & Audio: Naeem Qassem’s Speech – An Insult to Lebanese Intelligence and Denial of Catastrophic Realities/December 14, 2024
Lebanon's FM emphasizes importance of preserving Syria's territorial integrity and sovereignty
Low-altitude drone activity reported over Beirut and southern suburbs
Walid Joumblatt congratulates Syrian commander Ahmed Al Sharaa on victory over Assad regime
Fire at MTV Building Caused by Generator Dysfunction
Hezbollah Weapons Found Stored in Lebanese University Warehouse, LU Reacts
One person killed in Israeli strike on al-Khardali
Hezbollah's Qassem warns new Syria rulers against Israel ties
Hezbollah made even weaker by Assad toppling in Syria
Text of Sheikh Naeem Qassem's Speech: Hezbollah Defeated Israeli Expansionist Agenda, Syrians’ Right to Choose Their Gov’t Affirmed
Lebanon’s Mikati calls on Syrians to return home
How Can We Really Protect Lebanon?/Rami al-Rayes/Asgarq Al Awsat/December15/2024
US Steps Up Support for the Lebanese Armed Forces Amid Regional/Amal Chmouny/This is Beirut/December 15/2024
The Caesar Act: Implications for Syria and Lebanon’s Economy After Assad/Antoine Saadé/This is Beirut/December 15/2024
Statement on the Fall of the Assad Regime in Syria/UMAM D&R/December 14, 2024

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on December 14-15/2024
Palestinian security forces clash with militants in West Bank
At least 18 killed in Israeli Gaza strikes, Palestinian medics say
Thousands of Israelis protest in Tel Aviv for Gaza hostage deal
Families mourn their loved ones after Israeli strike kills seven in Gaza school
Iran will not impede IAEA access, head of its atomic organization says
Syria’s de facto leader not interested in new conflicts despite Israeli attacks
Rebel leader says Syria too exhausted for conflict with Israel
HTS leader Ahmed Al Sharaa criticizes Israeli actions, emphasizes stability in Syria
Turkey reopens Damascus embassy after al-Assad’s fall
Top diplomats from US, Arab League and Turkey agree need for 'inclusive' Syria govt
Here's what to know from Blinken's push for stability in Syria
Saudi FM joins Arab, US diplomats in calling for new, inclusive Syrian state
Syria's silent export: The rise of Captagon as a financial powerhouse
Jordan’s King Abdullah meets with Saudi FM, Arab ministers at Syria meeting
Intel and strategy: Inside Israel's regional plan against Iran

Titles For The Latest English LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources on December 14-15/2024
Why Israel captured Syria’s tallest mountain just hours after Assad fell/Mick Krever, CNN/Sat, December 14, 2024
First Order of Business: Permanently Neutralize Iran's Nuclear Threat, but for Long-Term Stability Do Not Stop with That/Majid Rafizadeh/Gatestone Institute/December 14, 2024
What Assad’s overthrow revealed about Syrian regime’s Captagon empire/Jonathan Gornall/Arab News/December 14, 2024
Defeating Hamas has become secondary to annexation of Gaza/Yossi Mekelberg/Arab News/December 14, 2024
EU broadens its horizons with South America deal/Andrew Hammond/Arab News/December 14, 2024
Georgia’s shaky path to EU creates options for Middle East/Dr. Diana Galeeva/Arab News/December 14, 2024

The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on December 14-15/2024
Statues of the late tyrant Hafez al-Assad are destroyed and this is the natural end of every terrorist and satanic ruler
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2024/12/138000/
Elias Bejjani/December 14, 2024
The end of every devil is in hell and in the embrace of its fire that never goes out and in the hospitality of its worms that never rests or settles down, and there in that hell is the torment and gnashing of teeth. Yes and a thousand yes, this is the end of every tyrannical, unjust and slanderous ruler who disbelieved in God and in all ​​human values & principles. The end of Hafez al-Assad and the end of his son Bashar and the end of all murderers and criminals is in hell and wretchedness.

Elias Bejjani/Text & Audio: Naeem Qassem’s Speech – An Insult to Lebanese Intelligence and Denial of Catastrophic Realities
December 14, 2024

https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2024/12/138012/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzNFAlJfvPk&t=218s

It is certain that any rational individual, whether Lebanese or not, with sound mental and psychological faculties, who listened to or watched Hezbollah Deputy Secretary-General Sheikh Naim Qassem’s speech today, would say: "This man is either mentally unstable and detached from reality, in dire need of treatment in a psychiatric hospital, or he is a charlatan adept at lying, deception, and fabricating false and fantastical victories. Alternatively, he is a mere captive of the Iranian regime, parroting lines forced upon him under duress and threats."
In short, Qassem—who mostly resides under Iranian guardianship rather than in Lebanon—either has a memory that ceased functioning on October 8, 2023, when the late Hassan Nasrallah declared war on Israel under the pretext of supporting Gaza in the "Al-Aqsa Flood" war, or he is suffering from a psychological disorder (schizophrenia), immersed in delusions, particularly delusions of grandeur. His speech was nothing more than a compilation of fantasies, hallucinations, and outright denial of reality.
With nauseating parroting, he regurgitated imaginary and fabricated victory narratives about Hezbollah, insulting and mocking the intelligence and memory of the Lebanese people, as well as the catastrophic facts and realities that have befallen Lebanon and its people due to his party’s reckless and foolish war against Israel. Even worse, he completely ignored the unprecedented calamity that Iran’s axis of evil has inflicted on the Lebanese Shiite community.
Blatantly and arrogantly, Qassem denied the terms of the ceasefire agreement that he, alongside Nabih Berri, Najib Mikati, Hezbollah, and their Iranian overlords, desperately pleaded with the "Great Satan" (the United States) to broker. This ceasefire ultimately served to conceal their comprehensive defeat. They surrendered, admitted to their loss and humiliation, and acknowledged the failure of their so-called "resistance" project. They further accepted the implementation of UN resolutions 1701, 1559, and 1680—first in the South and eventually across all Lebanese territories—which aim to dismantle Hezbollah, eliminate its weaponry and Iranian agenda, and restore full Lebanese state sovereignty by ensuring that only state institutions hold weapons.
Qassem displayed cunning and deceit in his delusional interpretations tailored to the fantasies of the mullahs, acting as if Hassan Nasrallah was still alive, threatening, and waving his finger to mislead people with his absurdities, while everyone else remains submissive.
He also addressed the dramatic political changes in neighboring Syria, urging its new rulers to adopt the worn-out narrative of hostility toward Israel. This, despite the fact that the new Syrian government has today decided to prohibit all Palestinian, Syrian, and foreign organizations from bearing arms, shut down their offices, and demand the surrender of their weapons to the state. Their activities are now confined to humanitarian, social, and service-oriented endeavors.
Qassem claimed that Hezbollah is committed to the Taif Agreement, while he and his godless Iranian masters know fully well that Taif explicitly calls for the disarmament of all militias and fundamentally contradicts Hezbollah’s narrative of "resistance."
He called for dialogue to formulate a "defense strategy," a baseless argument rejected by the Lebanese people, unendorsed by international resolutions, and entirely absent from the Lebanese constitution.
He declared that his party would persist in its so-called resistance, even though the ceasefire agreement, the Lebanese constitution, and the majority of the Lebanese people categorically reject and delegitimize such nonsensical claims.
In summary,Naim Qassem’s speech is, in essence, a collection of empty bravado, lies, deception, delusions, hallucinations, and a complete detachment from reality—nothing more, nothing less.

Lebanon's FM emphasizes importance of preserving Syria's territorial integrity and sovereignty
LBCI/December 15/2024
Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib attended a ministerial meeting of the Arab Liaison Committee on Syria in Aqaba, Jordan. The gathering included the Secretary-General of the Arab League and the foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon. Additional participation came from the foreign ministers of Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain, who joined the discussions. The meeting transitioned into an expanded session involving high-ranking representatives, including the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the foreign ministers of the United States, France, and Turkey. Representatives from the United Nations, the United Kingdom, and Germany also participated. In his address, Minister Bou Habib emphasized the importance of preserving Syria's territorial integrity, sovereignty, and institutions while supporting the Syrian people's right to self-determination. He also called for an Arab-led economic emergency plan to assist Syria during this critical period.

Low-altitude drone activity reported over Beirut and southern suburbs

LBCI/December 15/2024
The National News Agency (NNA) reported Saturday the presence of low-flying Israeli military drones over the capital, Beirut, and its southern suburbs.

Walid Joumblatt congratulates Syrian commander Ahmed Al Sharaa on victory over Assad regime
LBCI/December 15/2024
Former Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) leader Walid Joumblatt held a phone conversation with Ahmed Al Sharaa, head of Syrian military operations and known as "Sheikh Abu Mohammed Al-Jolani," congratulating him and the Syrian people on what he described as their victory over decades of oppression under the Assad regime.  During the call, Joumblatt and Al Sharaa emphasized the importance of preserving Syria's unity across all regions and rejecting any plans for division. They discussed working together to rebuild a unified Syria that serves all its citizens and agreed to meet soon in Damascus. Al Sharaa acknowledged the sacrifices made by Joumblatt, citing the assassination of his father, Kamal Joumblatt, as part of the Syrian regime's oppression. He praised Walid Joumblatt's consistent support for the Syrian revolution since its inception, describing him as a steadfast ally of the Syrian people's struggle for freedom.

Fire at MTV Building Caused by Generator Dysfunction
This is Beirut/December 15/2024
A fire erupted Saturday morning at MTV's premises in Naccache caused by a power generator dysfunction. The station stopped the live broadcast, mentioning on its screen: "We apologize for this technical malfunction and will resume programs shortly."
All staff are reportedly safe and unharmed. The fire is now under control, with civil defense teams on site working to extinguish it.

Hezbollah Weapons Found Stored in Lebanese University Warehouse, LU Reacts
This is Beirut/December 15/2024
During an inspection of a warehouse rented by the Lebanese University’s Arts and Humanities Branch in Beirut’s Musaytbeh neighbothood, ammunition and military equipment were found stored by Hezbollah during its recent war with Israel, daily Nidaa al-Watan reported on Saturday. The warehouse, located in a residential building on property No. 4608, was sealed with red wax on the orders of Judge Carla Shawah, following an inspection that exposed the violation. The revelation sheds light on Hezbollah’s exploitation of civilian infrastructure, a practice previously criticized during the two-month war with Israel, where residential buildings were reportedly used to hide weapons. The warehouse, ostensibly leased for academic purposes, was instead filled with military supplies, and its locks were changed, endangering both residents and university staff by turning the site into a potential target.
LU Reacts
The Lebanese University was quick to react to the facts. In a statement issued on Saturday morning, the institution of higher education clarified that, “contrary to what has been reported, the warehouse is located in the Jnah district and not on its campus.” It also indicated that “a change of locks in one of the warehouses used to store perishable materials and equipment has been reported.”The statement added: “LU hastened to inspect the interior of the warehouse in the presence of its lawyer as well as the owner and janitor in charge,” pointing out that they discovered the presence of “military outfits, suitcases and locked crates, hence the judge's decision to seal the warehouse with red wax and investigate the matter.” In this context, and “in light of the current circumstances,” the LU has called on all media to “exercise precision and caution in the dissemination of information and refrain from circulating exaggerated news before awaiting the results of the investigation conducted by the competent judicial authorities.”

One person killed in Israeli strike on al-Khardali
Agence France Presse
/December 14, 2024
the south killed one person on Saturday, the latest deadly raid despite a more than two-week ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah. "An Israeli enemy drone strike... killed one person" in al-Khardali in the Marjayoun district, the health ministry said in a statement. The official National News Agency reported a car was targeted.

Hezbollah's Qassem warns new Syria rulers against Israel ties
Agence France Presse
/December 14, 2024
Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem said on Saturday that Syria's new rulers, who ousted the Lebanese armed group's ally Bashar al-Assad, should not recognize neighboring Israel or establish ties with it. "We hope that this new party in power will see Israel as an enemy and not normalize relations with it," Qassem said in a televised speech, his first public remarks since Islamist-led rebels toppled Assad following an offensive launched on November 27, the same day that a ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah took effect.

Hezbollah made even weaker by Assad toppling in Syria

Associated Press
/December 14, 2024
A severely hobbled Hezbollah was in no position to help defend former Syrian President Bashar Assad, a longtime ally, from the lightning-fast insurgency that toppled him. With Assad gone, the militant group based in Lebanon is even weaker.
Hezbollah was dealt a major blow during 14 months of war with Israel. The toppling of Assad, who had strong ties to Iran, has now crippled its ability to bounce back by cutting off a vital weapons-smuggling route through Syria.
Hezbollah officials are deeply concerned but defiant. "What is happening in Syria is a major, dangerous and new change, and to know why this happened needs evaluation," Hassan Fadlallah, a Lebanese lawmaker who represents Hezbollah's political wing, said during a speech at a funeral for militants killed by Israel. "Whatever is happening in Syria, despite its dangers, will not weaken us." Analysts say the diminishment of Hezbollah will have big consequences for Lebanon, where for decades it has been a major political player — and for Iran, which has relied on the group as one of several proxy forces projecting power across the Middle East. It is also a game-changer for Israel, whose nemesis on its northern border is now at its most vulnerable point in decades.Ties to Syria influenced the rise and fall of Hezbollah's power. The Assad dynasty, which ruled Syria for half a century with an iron fist, played a crucial role in empowering Hezbollah, which was founded in the early 1980s by Iranian advisers who came through Syria. In addition to being a conduit for Iranian weapons, Syria also was a place where Hezbollah trained fighters and manufactured its own weapons. As Hezbollah grew more powerful, it became a force Assad could rely on for protection in times of crisis. Hezbollah sent thousands of fighters to bolster Assad's forces when a civil war broke out in 2011.
As insurgents swept across Syria in early December and took the city of Homs — a stone's throw from a Syrian border town where Hezbollah had a presence — many expected the militants to put up a fierce fight. After all, they did just that in 2013, preventing Assad's opponents from advancing into Damascus.
This time, Hezbollah was in disarray. Many of its top officials, including longtime leader Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, were killed in Israeli airstrikes. And months of Israeli bombardment destroyed much of its military infrastructure. With Syria's key international allies, Russia and Iran, on the sidelines, Hezbollah withdrew, and Assad was ousted quickly. "The fall of the regime marks the end of Iran's arms in Syria and Lebanon," said Lt. Col. Fares al-Bayoush, a Syrian army defector who fought in the civil war against Assad's forces and Hezbollah until 2017, when he moved to Turkey.
Lebanon begins to grapple with Hezbollah's 'new reality'
In Lebanon, the sapping of Hezbollah's strength has given the army the opportunity to reassert control it had ceded, especially along its southern border. A U.S.-brokered ceasefire between the militant group and Israel states that Hezbollah should have no armed presence along that border and it has led to growing calls within Lebanon for the group's disarmament. "To Hezbollah, it's game over," Samir Geagea, who leads the Christian Lebanese Forces Party, said in a statement on Sunday, hours after insurgents took Damascus. "Sit with the Lebanese military to end your status as an armed group, and transform yourselves into a political party."But Hezbollah's longtime sway in the political arena in Lebanon also faces a major challenge. Many in Lebanon are angry with the group. Critics say Hezbollah violated its promise to use its weapons only to defend Lebanon when it began firing rockets into Israel last year, the day after Hamas attacked Israel. Nearly than 4,000 people were killed in Lebanon during the war with Israel, according to the country's health ministry. Entire towns and villages where Hezbollah members and supporters lived have been flattened. More than 1 million people have been displaced, and the country's economy — which was in bad shape before the war — is in a deep hole. "With the (Syrian) regime gone, Hezbollah in Lebanon faces an entirely new reality," said Firas Maksad, of the Middle East Institute.
Maksad said many Lebanese leaders have yet to grasp the magnitude of the change that has taken place. Even some onetime allies of Hezbollah in parliament have begun distancing themselves from the group. Jebran Bassil, a lawmaker who represents the Free Patriotic Movement, Lebanon's other major Christian party, said Hezbollah's loss of a weapons pipeline from Iran could help Lebanon extract itself from regional conflict. "Hezbollah should focus on internal affairs and not the wider region," Bassil, a former ally of Hezbollah, said. It may have no choice but to narrow its ambitions. With the fall of Assad, Iran has lost control of a corridor of land that stretched through Iraq and Syria all the way to the Mediterranean, and which gave it an unimpeded route to supply Hezbollah. "They can maybe fly in some things and smuggle some things, but that's not gonna be on the same scale, not even close," said Aron Lund, a Syria expert with Century International, a New York-based think tank. For Israel, breaking Iran's regional network has been a major goal, though it is wary over Islamic militants among the insurgents who toppled Assad. Israel on Sunday moved troops into a demilitarized buffer zone with Syria by the Israel-held Golan Heights in what it called a temporary security measure. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called Assad's fall a "historic day," saying it was "the direct result of our forceful action against Hezbollah and Iran, Assad's main supporters."

Text of Sheikh Naeem Qassem's Speech: Hezbollah Defeated Israeli Expansionist Agenda, Syrians’ Right to Choose Their Gov’t Affirmed
Al-Manar Website/December 14/2025
Hezbollah Secretary General, Sheikh Naeem Qassem, affirmed that supporting Gaza is both a noble and essential duty, not only for the group but for the entire Arab and Muslim world, stressing that when others failed to fulfill their responsibilities, the Zionists escalated their aggression, emboldening their tyranny.
In a televised speech via Al-Manar, Sheikh Qassem noted that Hezbollah had expected an Israeli attack on Lebanon, though the timing was unknown. He emphasized that the aggression, which began before Operation Al-Aqsa Flood and continued afterward, was unrelated to Gaza’s support. The Israeli attack, he explained, was part of their expansionist agenda, aiming to eliminate any resistance that stands in the way of their regional ambitions.“During this war, the Israeli occupation forces claimed the lives of key Hezbollah leaders, including the late martyr Sayyed Hasan Nasrallah, along with several other commanders and fighters. They also breached communication networks and detonated pagers and telecom lines, at a great cost in terms of lives and suffering. However, despite these operations, the enemy failed to achieve its objectives, instead resorting to barbaric attacks on civilians, villages, homes, and innocent children and women,” Sheikh Naim explained. Sheikh Qassem emphasized that the Israeli enemy’s crimes were aimed at breaking the resistance, but despite immense sacrifices, they failed.“Israeli crimes are not achievements; Hezbollah’s resistance successfully thwarted the enemy’s efforts to destroy and crush it,” he asserted.
He highlighted that the enemy had repeatedly stated its intent to eliminate Hezbollah, but the resistance fighters halted their advances. “Hezbollah’s missiles struck deep into Israeli territory, inflicting significant damage and displacing nearly 200,000 settlers. The resistance killed hundreds of Israeli soldiers, wounded many more, and caused extensive economic and social damage across the occupied territories,” his eminence explained. Sheikh Qassem praised the resilience of the people who made tremendous sacrifices to protect the resistance, referring to them as “brave heroes” who viewed resistance as their sole and vital option in this struggle. “Thank God, we achieved a true divine victory in this confrontation. The Israeli enemy recognized that its path to defeating Hezbollah’s resistance is blocked, prompting it to seek a ceasefire agreement.”
Israeli Enemy Pursued Ceasefire, Lebanese Government Tasked with Overseeing Violations
Sheikh Naim Qassem revealed that the ceasefire agreement was brokered by Hochstein, with both the Israeli occupation and the U.S. in agreement. The agreement was then presented to the Lebanese state, including Speaker Nabih Berri. Despite observations from both President Berri and Hezbollah, necessary adjustments were made, and the agreement was finalized with his involvement. Sheikh Qassem highlighted three factors that led the enemy to seek the agreement: the resistance’s steadfastness in the field, the sacrifices of martyrs, and effective political and military leadership. “We assess that the resistance won because the enemy failed to achieve its central goal of destroying Hezbollah. It couldn’t return the settlers without an agreement, nor could it enter the ‘new Middle East’ through Lebanon. We blocked its path,” Sheikh Qassem stated. He clarified that the agreement aimed at halting the aggression, not ending the resistance. The deal is an executive one based on Resolution 1701, focusing solely on the area south of the Litani River, where Israel must withdraw and the Lebanese army will deploy as the sole armed authority, ensuring no militants or weapons remain in the region. Sheikh Qassem affirmed that the agreement does not address internal Lebanese issues, including the resistance’s relationship with the state, the military, or the presence of weapons, all of which require separate dialogue. “We have tolerated hundreds of Israeli violations to facilitate the implementation of the agreement and expose the Israeli enemy. The Lebanese government is responsible for preventing Israeli violations, and the committee tasked with overseeing the agreement must ensure its implementation. Hezbollah will monitor developments and act according to what we deem necessary for the best interest,” his eminence stated.
Resistance Legitimacy Stems from Belief in Its Cause
Hezbollah’s Secretary General, Sheikh Naim Qassem, stated that the resistance is rooted in faith in God, freedom, dignity, and the defense of justice, land, and country. This belief is supported by preparation, both in terms of weaponry and capabilities, to protect it from adversaries.
“The resistance does not win by a decisive strike; it wins through persistence,” he noted, adding that it may endure for 10 or even 50 years. Sheikh Qassem explained that the resistance faces victories and setbacks, a natural part of its struggle. What matters is its continuity, remaining steadfast in the field despite limited resources. “Sacrifices made by the resistance do not indicate defeat; they are the price for its survival. These sacrifices shape the resistance’s strength,” his eminence affirmed.
Resistance Continues, Adapting to Each Stage
Regarding Hezbollah’s next phase, Sheikh Qassem stressed that the resistance is ongoing, with each stage requiring distinct methods and approaches. He emphasized the importance of the resistance’s continuity while acknowledging that strategies must evolve to suit each phase, and this is what Hezbollah will focus on.He noted that all Lebanese who supported, wished for, or stood against the Israeli enemy—whether by sheltering or backing the resistance—are partners in its victory. Without the resilience of the resistance on the frontlines, Israel would have reached Beirut, leading to further steps like settlement, naturalization, and undermining Lebanon’s sovereignty.Sheikh Qassem warned of the expansionist nature of the Israeli enemy and emphasized the necessity of continued resistance. He praised the Lebanese army, which paid a heavy price with the lives of many martyrs in defense of Lebanon, and commended the Lebanese people’s unity and cooperation in achieving this result.
He added that Hezbollah is strong, recovering from its wounds, and continues to resist. Lebanon’s strength lies in its army, people, and resistance, which together prevent division and preserve Lebanon’s unity. Sheikh Qassem outlined Hezbollah’s plan for the coming phase, which includes implementing the agreement south of the Litani River, rebuilding with state assistance in collaboration with countries, organizations, and allies supporting Lebanon’s reconstruction, and working towards electing a president by January 9th to resume state functioning. The plan also focuses on participating in a state-driven reform and rescue program emphasizing citizenship, equality, the rule of law, and anti-corruption, along with engaging in constructive dialogue on contentious issues.
Hezbollah Calls for Syrian-Lebanese Cooperation, Uninterrupted Anti-Israeli Occupation Stance
Speaking of the recent developments in Syria, Sheikh Qassem emphasized that Hezbollah supported Syria due to its anti-Israeli occupation stance, contributing to the resistance’s capabilities through its territory for Lebanon and Palestine. However, with the fall of the old regime and the rise of new forces, he stated, “We cannot assess these new powers until stability is achieved and their positions are clarified.”He expressed hope that the new Syrian government and its people would choose cooperation between Lebanon and Syria based on equality and mutual support while urging that Syria should recognize Israel as an enemy and avoid normalization.Sheikh Qassem affirmed the Syrian people’s right to choose their leadership, constitution, and future without foreign interference, particularly from countries with interests aligned with Israel. Regarding Hezbollah’s military supply route through Syria, Sheikh Qassem acknowledged the loss of this route but stressed that the resistance is adaptable, capable of finding new paths or relying on alternative methods if needed.
His eminence concluded by stating that the situation in Syria would not negatively affect Lebanon and expressed hope for Syria’s stability and prosperity, noting the broader regional pressures influenced by the US and Israeli enemy.

Lebanon’s Mikati calls on Syrians to return home
AFP/December 14, 2024
ROME: Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati called Saturday for Syrians who sought refuge in his country to return home following the fall of Syria’s longtime leader, Bashar Assad. “The consequences of the Syrian war made Lebanon home to the largest number of refugees per capita, with one-third of our population comprising of Syrian refugees,” Mikati said at a Rome political festival. “The strain on our resources has been substantial, worsening existing economic trouble and creating fierce competition for jobs and services,” he said in English. “Today, and after the political transformation in Syria, the best resolution to this issue is for Syrians to go back to their homeland,” he said. Authorities say Lebanon, population 5.8 million, currently hosts around two million Syrians, while more than 800,000 are registered with the United Nations — the highest number of refugees per capita in the world. Many fled Syria after its civil war began following the repression of anti-government protests in 2011. Mikati told a festival held by Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy party that “the international community, particularly Europe, should assist in the return of Syrians.” They should do so “by engaging in early recovery efforts in secure areas with Syria,” he said.

How Can We Really Protect Lebanon?
Rami al-Rayes/Asgarq Al Awsat/December15/2024
The extraordinary accelerating shifts that have unfolded in the Middle East in recent months suggest that the region can expect even more in the coming weeks, months, and possibly years. The scale and depth of these changes witnessed in several "Sykes-Picot" countries, so to speak, mean that their political, social, and economic implications will not be easy to envisage.
From Al-Aqsa Flood, which began in Gaza on October 7, 2023, to the devastating Israeli campaign that continues unabated and has claimed over 45,000 lives in the Strip; to the war in Lebanon that destroyed many border villages and left over 3,000 martyrs, as well as dealing a blow to Hezbollah’s infrastructure, leaders, members, and institutions; to the tit-for-tat attacks of Iran and Israel; to the fall of Bashar Assad's regime in Syria, 54 years since his father Hafez Assad seized power, the events have been coming quick and fast. It is impossible to predict what comes next, or rather, where it all ends.
What we know for sure is that the Axis of Resistance has suffered a series of defeats. Events have proven that many of the political and ideological slogans it had upheld for decades were hollow. None of their promises materialized when it mattered most, during the most critical and difficult moments of the existential war waged relentlessly by Israel. The Axis stood by as one front collapsed after the other. While some of the talking heads associated with it maintained their belligerent rhetoric and continued to scream on our screens, material achievements were nowhere to be found.
That is not said out of schadenfreude; it is a realistic assessment. The parties concerned cannot maintain these same policies and avoid a critical reexamination of their performance that allows them to catch their breath and adapt to new realities on the ground. This applies to every component of the Axis (which may no longer deserve the name "Axis" following its gradual disintegration). Such a reassessment is needed in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, and every other front concerned.
While it is crucial that no party feels defeated in Lebanon, it is equally important that no other party gloats over what has happened, though expressing a bit of relief and glee is natural. The delayed delivery of justice for the figures who had fallen victim to the deposed regime warrants at least a quiet acknowledgement, given the weight of the loss.
What matters most in Lebanon at this critical and historic juncture is a diligent effort to maintain the ceasefire and develop a plan to ensure it becomes permanent. This is particularly pressing given that Israel continues to violate the ceasefire, as it has since the deal was announced. Emboldened by triumphalism and the US election, which it will exploit to the fullest extent, Israel will likely violate the agreement going forward as well. It is equally important to immediately formulate a defense strategy that makes use of all the capabilities available to us. That would enable Lebanon to strengthen its defensive capacities to- at the very least- prevent Israeli violations and protect the country, whereby Lebanon is not left “exposed” without military or political safeguards.
A state monopoly on the means of violence is natural and fundamental in any country. Indeed, maintaining this monopoly among the state's core responsibilities, and any partnership with others is not sound. This is a universally accepted principle. However, in the face of Israel’s "overpowered" army and its triumphant elation following the "victories" it claims to have achieved in the region, a deep discussion on how to defend Lebanon is needed. Though necessary and urgent, a state monopoly on arms is not sufficient for Lebanon’s defense.
Accordingly, the election of a new Lebanese president, the rehabilitation of its constitutional institutions, the implementation of measures to stabilize the ceasefire and reconstruction, and the consolidation of stability are all steps that must be taken without delay. These measures would help shield Lebanon from the regional fires, which show no signs of dying out anytime soon.

US Steps Up Support for the Lebanese Armed Forces Amid Regional
Amal Chmouny/This is Beirut/December 15/2024
Lebanon is at a critical juncture as it navigates a complex regional landscape, and emphasis on the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) has never been more important. In Washington, there is a strong belief that empowering the LAF is essential to countering militant factions like Hezbollah and ensuring the stability of the country. In the wake of the recent US-brokered ceasefire with Israel, the urgency to enhance the LAF's capabilities has escalated. Although the army faces significant financial constraints and depends heavily on foreign aid, the imperative to overcome ongoing internal insecurity while addressing resource limitations is clear. Ed Gabriel, head of the American Task Force for Lebanon, emphasized the US commitment to strengthening the LAF, stating, "We are dedicated to working closely with the Lebanese Armed Forces to ensure they gain the necessary troops, training, and equipment to fulfill their responsibilities effectively." In a commentary to "This is Beirut," he noted that the US Department of Defense (the Pentagon) has identified and reprogrammed several hundred million dollars specifically for this purpose, particularly to enhance border security and manage ports of entry.
Looking toward the future, Gabriel expressed optimism regarding US bipartisan support for the LAF within Congress, remarking, "There is broad support from both parties to assist the LAF. While some objections remain, they are becoming less frequent, especially in light of the recent agreement between Israel and Lebanon, which has shifted perspectives." This political backing reflects a shared recognition of the LAF's essential role in maintaining stability amid rising tensions.
Gabriel also conveyed confidence in the commitment of the upcoming administration towards Lebanon, stating, "We anticipate strong support from the new administration, which has been closely involved in this deal and has consulted regularly on its implementation." This expectation underscores continued US interest in ensuring that the LAF is adequately equipped and supported moving forward.
Hanin Ghaddar, a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute, commented on the complexities surrounding the LAF. "The Lebanese Armed Forces have demonstrated their capability to confront insurgencies like ISIS and al-Nusra, but they require more robust support to deal with Hezbollah and implement UN Resolution 1701 effectively." She emphasized the need for a decisive political choice to enable the LAF to disarm Hezbollah, which reflects a significant challenge on the path toward stability.
Despite the recent deployment of troops to southern Lebanon aimed at securing the border, Ghaddar pointed out to This is Beirut that the LAF's efforts only partially fulfill the broader mandate of UN Resolution 1701, which calls for the complete disarmament of Hezbollah. She stated, "The Lebanese Army is exhausted and under-resourced. Without an influx of new recruits, it cannot effectively secure all of Lebanon's borders."The dynamics of Lebanon's internal conflict are further complicated by demographic shifts, particularly the internal displacement crisis, which has heightened sectarian tensions. Aram Nerguizian, a Senior Researcher in Strategy at CSIS, observed, "The priority has shifted to maintaining fragile internal stability." The displacement of many Shiites from the south to central Lebanon and the greater Beirut area raises fears of rekindling longstanding internal fault lines, potentially leading to open conflict.
Gabriel recognizes the multifaceted nature of US engagement in Lebanon, stating, "It is essential that the United States recognizes this commitment, which involves navigating a complex set of circumstances." He stressed that cooperation with the Lebanese diaspora and regional allies will be pivotal in sustaining support for the LAF and addressing Lebanon's reconstruction and humanitarian needs. The message is clear, he said. "The ongoing US support for the Lebanese Armed Forces is not merely an investment in military capabilities but a critical step in fostering a more stable Lebanon." As both US and Lebanese officials work toward a shared vision for the future, he added that the focus on strengthening the LAF remains vital to ongoing discussions about peace and stability in a region fraught with challenges.
Gabriel concluded, "America cannot do this alone, but our leadership can drive the necessary support from around the world. The US must remain steadfast as this agreement's lead enforcer and guarantor." The future of the LAF—and indeed, of Lebanon itself—may very well depend on the effectiveness and depth of this collaborative commitment.

The Caesar Act: Implications for Syria and Lebanon’s Economy After Assad
Antoine Saadé/This is Beirut/December 15/2024
The Caesar Act, imposed by the United States in 2019 to sanction Bashar al-Assad’s regime and its allies, further deepened Syria's economic isolation. Talks are now underway about lifting this sanctions law, a move that could promote relative economic stability in the region and inevitably benefit Lebanon.
Recently, social media has been flooded with images and videos exposing the extent of the suffering endured by detainees in Syrian prisons, particularly in the notorious Saydnaya prison, dubbed the “human slaughterhouse.” Some detainees were released in a state of unconsciousness or memory loss, while others were disoriented and unaware of their surroundings. Some even believed that Hafez al-Assad was still in power. These atrocities, perpetrated under Bashar al-Assad's regime, led Western countries to impose sanctions on Assad, his regime, and anyone linked to it, citing moral and humanitarian reasons. This action followed the leak of over 55,000 images by a former Syrian military photographer, known by the alias "Caesar," who fled Syria in 2013. Tasked with documenting deaths in military prisons, his pictures ultimately prompted the US Congress to pass sanctions against Syria under what became known as the Caesar Act.
What Is the Caesar Act?
The Caesar Act is a US law enacted in December 2019, designed to impose economic and trade sanctions on the Syrian government and Bashar al-Assad's regime, along with individuals and entities involved in supporting the regime or committing human rights violations in Syria. The law targets companies or individuals conducting business with the Syrian government, including those providing financial or technical assistance to the regime. It also sanctions individuals connected to Syrian regime leaders or those involved in military and security operations used against civilians. Moreover, the law aims to punish anyone or any entity that helps enhance the Syrian government's ability to deploy chemical weapons or supports its crackdown on opposition groups. Moreover, the Caesar Act has a significant impact on the Syrian economy by imposing severe sanctions on vital sectors such as energy and banking, hindering the regime's ability to manage the economy and import essential goods like fuel and basic commodities. The law also restricts the regime's ability to engage with international companies, making it increasingly difficult to attract investments or establish trade partnerships, further isolating Syria economically. As a result, the value of the Syrian pound has plummeted, affecting the people’s purchasing power and fueling rising inflation.
Will the US Lift Sanctions on Syria Following Assad’s Departure?
In response to this question, political analyst and writer Ibrahim Rihan explained to This is Beirut that the sanctions fall into two categories:
The first category directly targets Bashar al-Assad and his family, as well as his close associates, including officials and businessmen. These sanctions are unlikely to be lifted, especially after the unveiling of human rights abuses in Syrian prisons.
The second category of sanctions pertains to the Syrian regime as a whole. Syria will remain under international scrutiny for the time being, particularly regarding the new regime’s treatment of minorities, weapons control, anti-corruption measures, promotion of democratic freedoms and efforts to improve foreign relations. Rihan noted that lifting the sanctions could take months, or even up to a year, until the situation becomes clearer to the international community. He added that economic and financial stability in Syria would positively affect Lebanon.
How Might Lifting the Caesar Act Impact Lebanon's Economy?
If the Caesar Act is lifted, Lebanon’s economy stands to benefit in several key ways, including:
1. Enhanced trade exchanges: Lifting sanctions on Syria could facilitate increased trade between Lebanon and Syria, boosting the flow of goods and commodities across the border. This would particularly benefit Lebanese businesses dependent on the Syrian market.
2. Increased foreign investment: Easing economic pressures on the Syrian regime could attract more foreign investments into Syria, which would, in turn, positively impact Lebanon’s economy through strengthened commercial ties.
3. Revitalization of transport and supply chains: Lifting sanctions could restore commercial traffic through Syrian ports, providing faster and more secure routes for goods to reach Lebanon, thereby alleviating some of the logistical challenges currently hindering Lebanon's economy.
4. Boosting the tourism sector: An improvement in Syria’s economic conditions could positively impact Lebanon's tourism industry, with the country potentially benefiting from an influx of Syrian tourists who may visit once again.
5. Alleviating economic pressures: Lifting the sanctions could help ease Lebanon’s financial crisis, which has been exacerbated by the indirect effects of the sanctions on its economy. This includes disruptions in trade with countries adhering to the sanctions and the decline in economic activity due to the ongoing Syrian crisis.
Overall, lifting the Caesar Act could foster relative economic stability in the region, potentially benefiting Lebanon if it effectively capitalizes on the economic opportunities that emerge after the sanctions are lifted.

Statement on the Fall of the Assad Regime in Syria
By UMAM D&R/December 14, 2024
The fall of the Assad regime marks a pivotal turning point not only for Syria and Syrians, but also for Lebanon and its people, due to the shared pasts and experiences between the two countries and peoples. This moment of profound change offers Syrians and Lebanese alike the opportunity to rebuild and transform their homelands and societies on the principles of freedom, dignity, and justice. UMAM Documentation and Research (UMAM D&R), having stood as a partner in documenting and living through the suffering of Syrians and Lebanese alike while uncovering the chapters of this regime’s oppression, injustice, and aggression, extends its heartfelt congratulations on the liberation from a tyranny that employed every form of violence and cruelty to sustain its rule. As our primary mission at UMAM D&R is to delve into the past in all its complexity, we hold a steadfast belief that documentation is a form of resistance against forgetting: a tool that makes the suppressed and painful moments of history accessible to all. This is not merely for recollection, but as materials from which lessons and meaning can be derived.
We have devoted ourselves to preserving the dual memories of Syria and Lebanon in Memory at Work Syria and Memory at Work Lebanon, striving tirelessly to compile and present every event and fact that sheds light on the shared experiences of these peoples in times of war and peace. Memory serves as a bridge between the past, present, and future, and documentation is among the most essential means to understand history and to ensure that the tragedies of the past are not repeated.
Justice and accountability are related cornerstones of building a genuine future. It is a matter of fairness that those responsible for atrocities, and those complicit in them, are held accountable: not only to exact retribution or to restore the material and moral rights of victims, but also to guarantee that the future is built upon a foundation of justice. Justice offers the transformative power to move societies forward and prevents the recurrence of oppression and violations. In this crucial moment of transformation in Syria, UMAM D&R reaffirms its unwavering commitment in this new chapter to documenting the past and the present, across both divergent and shared memories. We stand ready to contribute our expertise and tools to uncover and disseminate the truth, guided by our belief that critical examination of the past is the sole path to a better and more equitable future for generations to come.

The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on December 14-15/2024
Palestinian security forces clash with militants in West Bank
Reuters/ December 14, 2024
JENIN, West Bank (Reuters) - At least one person was killed as Palestinian security forces clashed with Palestinian militants and set up checkpoints on Saturday in the occupied West Bank city of Jenin, residents and medics said.
Gunshots and explosions could be heard in the city, where friction has risen in recent days between militant factions and the Western-backed Palestinian Authority (PA) of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas following raids by the PA.Residents identified the man who was killed as a militant though none of the factions immediately confirmed his affiliation. The PA's security branch said in a statement that its forces were undertaking a security operation to restore law and order to Jenin's historic refugee camp suburb, a stronghold of Palestinian militants alienated from the Palestinian leadership.
The Palestinian militant group Hamas, which has been fighting Israeli forces in Gaza for more than a year, condemned the PA for the Jenin operation and its allied group Islamic Jihad called for a day of protests. Jenin has also been a hotbed of conflict between the Palestinian militant groups and the Israeli military in recent years. Since March 2022, Jenin and outlying areas in the north of the West Bank have drawn intensified Israeli raids after a spate of Palestinian street attacks.(Reporting by Ali Swafta; Writing by Maayan Lubell; Editing by Helen Popper)

At least 18 killed in Israeli Gaza strikes, Palestinian medics say
Reuters/AFP/December 14, 2024
CAIRO: At least 18 Palestinians were killed in Israeli airstrikes in Gaza on Saturday, medics said, while the Israeli military said it targeted gunmen operating from shelters and aid storages. At least 10 people were killed in an airstrike near the municipality building in Deir Al-Balah in the central Gaza Strip where people gathered to receive aid, medics said. Casualties were being carried by foot, on rickshaws and private cars from the site of the attack to the hospital, medics said. The strike killed the head of the Hamas-run administrative committee in central Gaza, a Hamas source said.
The Israeli military was looking into the report, a spokesperson said. Earlier, Israeli aircraft struck militants and weapon caches near an aid warehouse, the military said, after gunmen had fired rockets into Israel from there. Meanwhile, the health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza said at least 44,930 people have been killed in more than 14 months of war. The toll includes 55 deaths in the previous 24 hours, according to the ministry, which said 106,624 people have been wounded in the Gaza Strip since the war began.A separate strike in Gaza City on a former shelter housing displaced people targeted Hamas fighters, the military said. At least seven people were killed in that attack, Palestinian medics said, including a woman and her baby.It was unclear whether any of the other people killed were fighters. The military said it had taken precautions to reduce risk of harm to civilians. A separate strike in Gaza City killed a local journalist, medics said. The military was looking into the report, a spokesperson said. The war in Gaza began when the Palestinian militant group Hamas stormed into Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, killing 1,200, mostly civilians, people and taking more than 250 hostages back to Gaza, according to Israeli authorities.
Israel then launched an air, sea and land offensive that has killed at least 44,000 people, mostly civilians, according to authorities in the Hamas-run Gaza Strip, displaced nearly the entire population and left much of the enclave in ruins. A fresh bid by Egypt, Qatar and the United States to reach a truce has gained momentum in recent weeks. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi on Saturday discussed with visiting US officials efforts to reach a ceasefire in Gaza and a hostages-for prisoners deal in the Palestinian enclave, El-Sisi’s office said.

Thousands of Israelis protest in Tel Aviv for Gaza hostage deal
AFP/December 14, 2024
Thousands of Israelis staged a protest on Saturday to demand that the remaining hostages still being held in Gaza be released. There has been guarded optimism in recent days that a ceasefire and hostage release deal for Gaza might finally be within reach after more than 14 months of war between Israel and Hamas in the Palestinian enclave. Thousands of Israelis demonstrated Saturday for a deal to release the remaining hostages still held in Gaza after more than 14 months of war against Hamas in the Palestinian territory. "We all can agree that we have failed until now and that we can reach an agreement now," Lior Ashkenazi, a prominent Israeli actor, told a crowd gathered in the commercial hub of Tel Aviv. Itzik Horn, whose sons Eitan and Iair are still being held captive in Gaza, said: "End the war, the time has arrived for action and the time has arrived to bring everyone home." There has been guarded optimism in recent days that a ceasefire and hostage release deal for Gaza might finally be within reach after months of abortive mediation efforts. Palestinian militants abducted 251 hostages during Hamas's October 2023 attack, 96 of whom remain in Gaza, including 34 the Israeli military says are dead.Qatar, a key mediator in the negotiations, said last week there was new "momentum" for talks.

Families mourn their loved ones after Israeli strike kills seven in Gaza school
Reuters/December 14, 2024
STORY: Families in Gaza city mourned their loved ones on Saturday (December 14).
According to the civil emergency service in Gaza, at least seven Palestinians were killed and 30 wounded after an Israeli strike on a former school. They say it was sheltering displaced people in Gaza City. A spokesperson for the Israeli military said it was looking into the report. Earlier on Saturday the Israeli military said it had targeted Hamas militants who were operating within a school compound in Gaza City and that it had taken measures to reduce harm to civilians. According to medics, the dead include a woman and her baby. It was unclear whether the other fatalities were Hamas fighters. The Palestinian Islamist group denies embedding its fighters among civilians in Gaza.The war began when Hamas stormed into Israel on Oct. 7, 2023... Killing 1,200 people and taking more than 250 hostages back to Gaza, according to Israeli authorities. Israel then launched an air, sea and land offensive that has killed at least 44,000 people, according to authorities in the Hamas-run Gaza Strip. It has displaced nearly the entire population and left much of the enclave in ruins.

Iran will not impede IAEA access, head of its atomic organization says
Reuters/December 14, 2024
TEHRAN: Iran will not impede UN nuclear watchdog’s access and inspection of its sites, the head of the country’s Atomic Energy Organization said on Saturday.According to a report by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) earlier this week, Iran has agreed to tougher monitoring by the agency at its Fordow site after it greatly accelerated uranium enrichment to close to weapons grade there. Last week, the IAEA reported that Iran had multiplied the pace of its enrichment to up to 60 percent purity, close to the 90 percent of weapons-grade, at Fordow.
“We have not created and will not create any obstacles for the agency’s inspections and access,” Atomic Energy Organization head Mohammad Eslami was quoted as saying by Iranian media. “We operate within the framework of safeguards, and the agency also acts according to regulations— no more, no less,” he added.

Syria’s de facto leader not interested in new conflicts despite Israeli attacks
Reuters/December 15, 2024
DAMASCUS: Syria’s de facto leader, Ahmad Al-Sharaa said on Saturday Israel is using false pretexts to justify its attacks on Syria, but that he is not interested in engaging in new conflicts as the country focuses on rebuilding following the end of Bashar Assad’s reign. Sharaa — better known as Abu Mohammed Al-Golani — leads the Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) group that swept Assad from power last week, ending the family’s five-decade iron-fisted rule. Israel has since moved into a demilitarised zone inside Syria created after the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, including the Syrian side of the strategic Mount Hermon that overlooks Damascus, where it took over an abandoned Syrian military post. Israel, which has said that it does not intend to stay there and calls the incursion into Syrian territory a limited and temporary measure to ensure border security, has also carried out hundreds of strikes on Syria’s strategic weapons stockpiles. Several Arab countries, including Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Jordan, condemned what they called Israel’s seizure of a buffer zone in the Golan Heights. “Israeli arguments have become weak and no longer justify their recent violations. The Israelis have clearly crossed the lines of engagement in Syria, which poses a threat of unwarranted escalation in the region,” Sharaa said in an interview published on the website of Syria TV, a pro-opposition channel. “Syria’s war-weary condition, after years of conflict and war, does not allow for new confrontations. The priority at this stage is reconstruction and stability, not being drawn into disputes that could lead to further destruction.” He also said diplomatic solutions were the only way to ensure security and stability and that “uncalculated military adventures” were not wanted. On Russia, whose military intervention almost a decade ago helped tip the balance in Assad’s favor and which gave asylum to the ousted leader earlier this week, Sharaa said that its relations with Syria should serve common interests.
“The current stage requires careful management of international relations,” he added.

Rebel leader says Syria too exhausted for conflict with Israel
Associated Press/December 14, 2024
The leader of the Islamist-led rebels who seized power in Damascus criticized Israel on Saturday for its incursion into southern Syria this week but said his country is too exhausted for a conflict with Israel. Ahmad al-Sharaa in his first public comments on Israel in the week since Assad's fall said “the pretexts that Israel uses have ended" for its airstrikes inside Syria in recent days. Al-Sharaa said “the Israelis have crossed the rules of engagement” in his interview with Syrian TV on Saturday. About 400 Israeli airstrikes in the past days have destroyed much of the Syrian army's assets. Al-Sharaa leads Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, or HTS. The excerpts released from his interview did not address contact with the United States, which on Saturday said had been in direct communication with HTS, which it designated a foreign terrorist organization years ago.
The HTS leader did say the new authorities in Damascus are in contact with Western embassies, and that authorities have a plan to start reconstruction and development in Syria. He did not give details. He added that the authorities have given Russia — a key backer of Assad — an opportunity to reconsider relations with the Syrian people, and that authorities are not hostile to the people of Iran, another Assad backer.

HTS leader Ahmed Al Sharaa criticizes Israeli actions, emphasizes stability in Syria
LBCI/December 14, 2024
The leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), Ahmed Al Sharaa, denounced recent Israeli actions in Syria, describing their justifications as "weak and unacceptable." According to Sky News Arabia, Al Sharaa stated that Israeli forces have blatantly crossed engagement lines in Syria, risking unnecessary escalation in the region. In an interview with Syria TV, Al Sharaa highlighted the fragile state of Syria after years of war and conflict, emphasizing that "the current state of exhaustion does not allow for new confrontations." He called for prioritizing reconstruction and stability over actions that could lead to further destruction.
Al Sharaa urged the international community to "intervene urgently and assume its responsibilities regarding the escalation" while stressing the need for "regional stability and respect for Syrian sovereignty." He maintained that "diplomatic solutions remain the only viable path to ensuring security and stability, steering clear of ill-considered military ventures." Addressing Syria's internal challenges, Al Sharaa declared that "the Syrian revolution has succeeded, but Syria cannot be governed with a revolutionary mindset." He called for a transition to governance based on law and institutions, describing the next phase as one of rebuilding and fostering stability. "We are focused on addressing Syrians' primary needs. There is now an abundance of food supplies, which the Assad regime had deliberately deprived Syrians of. We are drafting plans to resolve pressing issues while finalizing data collection," Al Sharaa explained. He further accused the Assad regime of orchestrating widespread destruction in Syria's agricultural, industrial, and banking sectors. "The regime didn't build a state but a fiefdom, riddled with systemic theft. Documents proving this will be disclosed soon," he added. Reflecting on the trajectory of the Syrian conflict, Al Sharaa described the struggle as marked by factionalism and international intervention. "It was an exceptional situation with no realistic political solution, leaving us no choice but military action, despite its complexity," he noted. He accused Russian airstrikes of targeting civilian infrastructure and expressed concerns about a potential "Gaza-like scenario" in northern Syria. "We avoided provoking Russia and gave them opportunities to reassess their relationship with us," he added. Touching on Iran's involvement, Al Sharaa claimed, "We successfully ended Iranian presence in Syria. However, we hold no hostility toward the Iranian people."

Turkey reopens Damascus embassy after al-Assad’s fall

LBCI/AFP/December 14, 2024
Turkey on Saturday reopened its embassy in Damascus after a 12-year closure, a week after opposition forces toppled longtime leader Bashar al-Assad, an AFP journalist said. The Turkish flag was raised over the diplomatic mission in the presence of the new chargé d’affaires Burhan Koroglu, the journalist said.
Representatives of the opposition’s transitional government were present at the ceremony at the embassy in the capital’s Rawda district, which also hosts other diplomatic missions.

Top diplomats from US, Arab League and Turkey agree need for 'inclusive' Syria govt
Associated Press/December 14, 2024
Arab, Western and Turkish diplomats agreed in talks in Jordan Saturday on the need for an "inclusive" government in Syria following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said. Blinken told reporters that the talks would issue a joint statement in which "we agreed that the transition process should be Syrian-led and Syrian-owned and produce an inclusive and representative government".The collapse of the Assad family’s more than half-century of rule has sparked new fears of instability in a region already shaken by the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza and hostilities between Israel and the Lebanon-based Hezbollah despite a tenuous ceasefire. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said American officials have been in direct contact with the Syrian insurgent group that led the overthrow of Assad’s government, but the group continues to be designated a foreign terrorist organization by the United States and others. The insurgent leader in an interview with Syrian TV didn't mention contact with the U.S. but warned Israel about the hundreds of airstrikes it has carried out in Syria in the past week.The U.S. is also making a renewed push for a ceasefire in Gaza, where the war has plunged more than 2 million Palestinians into a severe humanitarian crisis.

Here's what to know from Blinken's push for stability in Syria

Associated Press/December 14, 2024
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken has wrapped up perhaps his last Middle East as America's top diplomat, with the aim of preventing Syria from spiraling out of control after the sudden ouster of President Bashar Assad.
Blinken was one of several senior U.S. officials traveling across the region in the Biden administration's final weeks amid deep uncertainty in Washington and abroad over how Donald Trump will approach the Mideast when he takes office on Jan. 20, 2025.
Blinken held meetings Jordan, Turkey and Iraq with the aim of trying to shape the future of post-Assad Syria by forging consensus among regional partners and allies whose interests often diverge. "We know that what happens inside of Syria can have powerful consequences well beyond its borders, from mass displacement to terrorism," he told reporters Saturday in Aqaba, Jordan. "And we know that we can't underestimate the challenges of this moment." The primary goal of his 11 previous trips to the region since the Israel-Hamas war began in October 2023 was securing a ceasefire in Gaza that resulted in the release of remaining hostages.Now, suddenly, that wasn't his priority and was being handled by President Joe Biden's national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, who traveled to Israel, Egypt and Qatar this week. Blinken said he used his own meetings to press forward on a ceasefire deal. Biden's team is running out of time to cement a legacy in the Middle East after drawing widespread criticism that it turned a blind eye to Israel's military conduct and its treatment of civilians in Gaza. They did succeed in helping lead a push for a ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon that, while tenuous, is holding.
Here are some takeaways from Blinken's trip:
Charting a new course for Syria
While hopes remain for concluding a Gaza ceasefire by the time Biden leaves the White House, helping shape a new Syria may prove to be lower-hanging fruit.
Blinken left Washington just three days after Assad fled for Russia, a longtime ally. Blinken said his goal was to convince countries in the Mideast and elsewhere that they should commit to backing the U.S. view of how Syria should be run after decades of Assad family rule. To that end, he said he had secured the backing of the 12 foreign ministers from the Arab League, Turkey and top officials from the European Union and United Nations who held an emergency meeting Saturday on Syria in the Jordanian port city of Aqaba. They agreed that the new Syrian government should respect the rights of minorities and women, prevent terror groups from taking hold, ensure humanitarian aid reaches people in need, and secure and destroy any remaining Assad-era chemical weapons. Blinken has promised that the United States would recognize and support a new government that met those principles. Seeking stability to deter the Islamic State group
Syria is riven by partisan and sectarian infighting that led in part to rise of the Islamic State militant group in the first place. Turkey, Syria's neighbor to the north, is deeply suspicious of Syrian and Iraqi Kurds. Turkey deems them terrorists, although some of those Kurds have proved to be key American partners in the fight to destroy IS. The U.S. helped broker an agreement between the Turks and one of those Kurdish groups, the Syrian Defense Forces, after Assad's departure, although it's unclear how long that can last. "We have the urgency of now," Blinken said Saturday. "The urgency of now is to ensure that the success that we've had in ending the territorial caliphate of ISIS ... remains a critical mission," he said, using a different acronym for the group. The SDF runs detention facilities holding some 10,000 fighters, and Blinken said its role is key because "this is a moment of instability in which ISIS will seek to regroup and take advantage of." Just after Assad's downfall, the U.S. struck about 75 IS targets in the Syrian desert in an effort to prevent the group from gaining a foothold. The U.S. also has about 900 troops in Syria to battle the group.
Facing Trump's return to power
There are concerns in the region about how the incoming Trump administration will handle the Middle East, apart from deepening ties with Israel. Trump has demanded the immediate release of hostages in Gaza, threatening on social media that otherwise there would be "HELL TO PAY," and has urged the U.S. not to get involved in Syria. Nonetheless, current U.S. officials believe the Republican is unlikely to abandon American military positions in Syria, as he had wanted to do during his first term. Their belief stems from the fact that Trump frequently takes credit for vanquishing IS by finishing the liberation of their territory that began during the Obama administration. The threat of the possible return of IS would be too great for Trump risk, according to these officials. They say Iraq, which signed an agreement with the U.S. in September under which the U.S.-led anti-IS coalition will withdraw next year, is already hinting that conditions could force a change in that timetable.
On a Gaza ceasefire and hostage release deal, Sullivan expressed cautious optimism that conditions were ripe for halting the long-running conflict before the end of the Biden administration's end. "I wouldn't be here now if I didn't think this thing was just waiting until after Jan. 20," he said this week. Sullivan also said there has been good cooperation with the incoming Trump administration, with widespread agreement between them. Searching for missing Americans
The Biden administration has made it a priority to find Austin Tice, an American journalist believed held in Syria for more than a decade. Since Assad's ouster, the U.S. has redoubled efforts to find Tice and return him home.
Blinken said Saturday that the U.S. has been in direct contact with the rebels that ousted Assad, including about "the importance of helping find Austin Tice and bringing him home." Washington's top hostage negotiator, Roger Carstens, traveled to Lebanon this week in hopes of getting information on Tice. Meanwhile, U.S. officials said Friday that another American, Travis Timmerman, was transported by the U.S. military out of Syria, where he had disappeared seven months ago into Assad's prison system. Timmerman was among the thousands released this week.
Officials say Timmerman, 29, was flown to Jordan on a U.S. military helicopter Friday, and it's unclear where he may go next. He was detained after he crossed into Syria from Lebanon while on a Christian pilgrimage in June.

Saudi FM joins Arab, US diplomats in calling for new, inclusive Syrian state
Arab News/December 14, 2024
AQABA, Jordan: Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan joined top diplomats from the US, Turkiye, the European Union and Arab nations in Jordan on Saturday for talks on Syria following the ousting of President Bashar Assad earlier this week. Prince Faisal led the Kingdom’s delegation at the meeting, held under the auspices of the Arab League, which focused on supporting a Syrian-led transitional political process to address the challenges faced by the Syrian people. Discussions emphasized restoring Syria's national institutions, ensuring the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and supporting the aspirations of its citizens for a secure and dignified life. The meeting also included prominent officials, such as Prince Musab bin Mohammed Al-Farhan and Saudi Ambassador to Jordan Nayef Al-Sudairy. A final communique issued on Saturday after the meeting expressed firm support for the Syrian people and emphasized the need for a peaceful, inclusive, and Syrian-led political transition, guided by UN Resolution 2254. This would include forming a transitional governing body, drafting a new constitution, and conducting UN-supervised elections, the statement said.The ministers called for a cessation of military operations, protection of Syrian state institutions, and efforts to combat terrorism. They stressed the importance of the delivery of humanitarian aid, enabling the voluntary return of refugees, national reconciliation, and transitional justice.
The meeting condemned Israeli violations in Syrian territories and reaffirmed the Golan Heights as occupied Syrian land. The diplomats also pledged to support Syria’s unity, sovereignty, and reconstruction, while coordinating with Arab and international partners to secure the Syrian people’s aspirations for a stable and secure future, the Saudi Press Agency reported. Outgoing US President Joe Biden’s administration has begun engaging with the victorious militant groups including Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS), which led a lightning assault that ended in the capture of Damascus on Sunday.
Biden sent Secretary of State Antony Blinken to the region this week to seek support for principles that Washington hopes will guide Syria’s political transition, such as respect for minorities. Meanwhile Syria’s northern neighbor Turkiye has for years supported Syrian opposition forces looking to oust Assad and is poised to play an influential role in Damascus. Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan said on Friday that his country’s embassy in the Syrian capital would resume work on Saturday, after Turkiye’s intelligence chief visited this week. Syria’s neighbor Jordan was hosting Saturday’s gathering in Aqaba. Russia and Iran, who were Assad’s key supporters, were not invited.
Blinken, UN Special Envoy for Syria Geir Pederson and EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas, Fidan and foreign ministers from Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, the UAE, Bahrain and Qatar met around a circular table at a Jordanian government guesthouse. There was no Syrian representative at the table. Blinken, meeting Pederson at his hotel earlier on Saturday, said it was a time of “both opportunity but also real challenge” for Syria. Turkiye and the United States, both NATO members, have conflicting interests when it comes to some of the militants. Turkiye-backed militants in northern Syria have clashed with the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). The SDF, which controls some of Syria’s largest oil fields, is the main ally in a US coalition against Daesh militants. It is spearheaded by YPG militia, a group that Ankara sees as an extension of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) militants who have fought the Turkish state for 40 years and who it outlaws. Blinken told Turkish officials during a visit to Ankara on Thursday and Friday that Daesh must not be able to regroup, and the SDF must not be distracted from its role of securing camps holding Daesh fighters, according to a US official with the US delegation. Turkish leaders agreed, the official said. Fidan told Turkish TV later on Friday that the elimination of the YPG was Turkiye’s “strategic target” and urged the group’s commanders to leave Syria.
* With Reuters

Syria's silent export: The rise of Captagon as a financial powerhouse
LBCI/December 14, 2024
In 1961, the first Captagon pill was manufactured in Germany, initially intended for medical use to treat conditions like excessive drowsiness and lack of concentration. However, by the 1980s, Captagon had become popular among drug users in Germany, particularly when other drugs like cocaine were either scarce or prohibitively expensive. The first recorded case of Captagon smuggling occurred in Germany in 1984. Since then, the drug has transitioned from a legitimate pharmaceutical to an illicit narcotic with a global trade value estimated at around $10 billion annually.  Syria entered the Captagon trade following the chaos and instability brought on by the civil war in 2011. According to a report by The Wall Street Journal, the Syrian regime and its allies, including Hezbollah, have profited immensely from this trade, generating approximately $2.5 billion annually, making it a primary source of revenue. The production of a single Captagon pill costs about $1, while the drug is sold for $14 to $20 on the market. This lucrative margin has cemented Captagon as one of the most critical financial assets for the Syrian regime. Therefore, the country has become one of the largest producers and exporters of Captagon worldwide. According to a report by AFP in 2022, the illicit trade in Captagon has surpassed Syria's combined legal exports.

Jordan’s King Abdullah meets with Saudi FM, Arab ministers at Syria meeting
Arab News/December 14, 2024
AQABA: Jordan’s King Abdullah II emphasized the strategic importance of Syria’s stability for the Arab world and the broader region during a meeting with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan in Aqaba on Saturday, the Saudi Press Agency reported. The gathering also included members of the Arab Ministerial Contact Committee on Syria, foreign ministers from several countries, and representatives from international organizations. King Abdullah underlined the critical need for a unified and effective international stance to safeguard Syria’s security, protect its citizens, and uphold its sovereignty. He highlighted the importance of preserving Syria’s territorial integrity against any external interference or aggression while reinforcing its national institutions. The meeting was held on the sidelines of the main Aqaba meetings on Syria, which also included top diplomats from the US and Turkiye Antony Blinken and Hakan Fidan.

Intel and strategy: Inside Israel's regional plan against Iran
LBCI/December 14, 2024
After declaring the near-total destruction of Syria's air defense systems and military capabilities, Israel has shifted its attention to confronting Iran's nuclear ambitions. In a high-level security assessment following talks with U.S. National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, Israeli officials emphasized that all options remain on the table to prevent Tehran from advancing its uranium enrichment program and acquiring nuclear weapons. The issue has been a cornerstone of U.S.-Israeli strategic coordination. Israel's confidence in targeting Iran stems from what it describes as the weakening of Tehran's regional allies. Strikes on Hamas, Hezbollah, and Syria have left Iran isolated, according to Israeli military reports. Intelligence images and data cited in these reports claim that Russia has vacated its military bases in Syria, further undermining Iran's foothold in the region. However, some have warned that a strike on Iran could jeopardize the potential for a broader agreement on its nuclear program, which might serve the interests of all parties involved. Israeli analysts suggest that Iran's current military weakness may lead it to pursue a temporary de-escalation while attempting to rebuild its regional alliances and resume clandestine nuclear activities. While preparing for a potential strike on Iran, Israel is also addressing emerging security concerns on its eastern front with Jordan. An Israeli intelligence report claims that Iran is working to expand its presence near the Jordanian border, with evidence of drone activity and the establishment of residential sites allegedly tied to weapons smuggling operations. Israeli intelligence agencies are particularly concerned about Iran's efforts to bolster its influence in the West Bank and Jerusalem, raising fears of a potential escalation in those areas.

The Latest English LCCC analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources on December 14-15/2024
Why Israel captured Syria’s tallest mountain just hours after Assad fell
Mick Krever, CNN/Sat, December 14, 2024
Israel wasted no time after Bashar al-Assad’s fall to bomb all the Syrian military assets it wanted to keep out of the rebels’ hands – striking nearly 500 targets, destroying the navy, and taking out, it claims, 90% of Syria’s known surface-to-air missiles.
But it is Israel’s capture of Syria’s highest peak, the Mount Hermon summit, that may prove among the most lasting prizes – though officials have insisted that its occupation is temporary. “This is the highest place in the region, looking upon Lebanon, upon Syria, Israel,” said Efraim Inbar, director of the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS). “It’s strategically extremely important. There is no substitute for mountains.”
The summit of Mount Hermon lies in Syria, in a buffer zone that separated Israeli and Syrian forces for fifty years until last weekend, when Israeli troops took control of it. Until Sunday, the summit was demilitarized and patrolled by UN peacekeepers – their highest permanent position in the world.
Israel’s defense minister, Israel Katz, on Friday ordered the military to prepare for the harsh conditions of winter deployment. “Due to developments in Syria, it is of immense security importance to maintain our control over the summit of Mount Hermon,” he said in a statement.
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has advanced beyond the summit, as far as Beqaasem, about 25 kilometers (15.5 miles) from the Syrian capital, according to Voice of the Capital, a Syrian activist group. CNN could not independently confirm that claim. An Israeli military spokesperson this week denied that forces were “advancing toward” Damascus. Israel captured the Golan Heights, a strategic plateau in southwestern Syria that abuts Mount Hermon, in the 1967 war and has occupied it since. Syria attempted to retake the territory in a surprise attack in 1973, but failed, and Israel annexed it in 1981. The occupation is illegal under international law, but the United States recognized Israel’s claim on the Golan during the Trump administration. Israel has for decades held some lower slopes of Mount Hermon, and even operates a ski resort there, but the peak remained in Syria proper. “We have no intention to intervene in Syria’s internal affairs,” Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a video days after Israel bombed hundreds of Syrian targets and seized the demilitarized buffer zone. “But we certainly intend to do everything necessary to take care of our security.”Mount Hermon’s summit is a tremendous asset under Israel’s control. At 9,232 feet (2,814 meters), it is higher than any point in Syria or Israel, and second to only one peak in Lebanon. “People sometimes say in the age of missiles, land is not important – it’s simply untrue,” Inbar said. In an academic paper published in 2011, he wrote of the many advantages presented by Mount Hermon. “It enables the use of electronic surveillance deep into Syrian territory, giving Israel early-warning capacity in case of an impending attack,” he wrote. Advanced technological alternatives like airborne surveillance, he argued, was simply not comparable. “In contrast to an installation on a mountain, these cannot carry heavy equipment such as big antennas, and they can be shot down by anti-air missiles.”
The peak is just over 35 kilometers (about 22 miles) from Damascus, which means that control of its Syrian foothills – also now in IDF hands – put the Syrian capital within range for artillery cannons. The Israeli prime minister has said his “hand is extended” to the new government in Syria. But in the post-October 7 world, he and other national security heavyweights have made clear they are not going to take any chances. “Mostly, it’s a comfort for us,” retired Brigadier General Israel Ziv said of Israel’s operations in Syria. “We have learned what happened in other countries when you have a terror organization that captures military equipment.”Netanyahu has also insisted that the occupation is temporary. “Israel will not permit jihadi groups to fill that vacuum and threaten Israeli communities on the Golan Heights with October 7 style attacks,” he said. His criteria for withdrawing, he said, was a Syrian force “that is committed to the 1974 agreement can be established and security on our border can be guaranteed.”It is unclear when that may be achieved.Whether the military withdraws “is a political decision,” Inbar said. “The military would love to stay there.”
**Mike Schwartz and Tim Lister contributed to this report.

First Order of Business: Permanently Neutralize Iran's Nuclear Threat, but for Long-Term Stability Do Not Stop with That
Majid Rafizadeh/Gatestone Institute/December 14, 2024
https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2024/12/137987/
The regime's primary goal is, first, to stay in power; second, to acquire nuclear weapons. No amount of diplomatic engagement will deter it from pursuing these objectives. Any agreement would merely buy more time for Iran to refine its nuclear technologies while easing international pressure. The regime's strategy is to outlast all sanctions and inspections, while continuing its covert nuclear activities, repressing it citizens, and planning its future expansion.The international community would do the world a favor by stopping Iran from reaching both goals. If not, there will be no chance of durable stability in the Middle East. It is as simple as that. The idea of negotiating a "deal" to limit, control or "verify" Iran's nuclear activities has proven to be both ineffective and dangerous.... Iran has repeatedly violated international agreements and deceived global watchdogs. It seems clear that any new deal would likely meet the same fate. Trusting such a regime to honor its commitments is like trusting the cat to guard the cream.
Only by neutralizing the entire Iranian threat will the world be able to work toward a future of stability, prosperity and peace. Iran is reportedly close to being a nuclear-armed state. Such a development would have catastrophic consequences for the region as well as for global stability. Acquiring nuclear weapons would embolden Iran's regime, re-strengthen its proxies, and enable it to resume escalating its terror campaigns across the region. Once Iran crosses the nuclear threshold, it will become virtually impossible to contain or neutralize its aggression – presumably the reason the regime is so eager to have nuclear weapons in the first place. The risk of retaliation by nuclear strikes would deter even the most powerful nations from military intervention. An Iran with nuclear weapons would fundamentally alter the balance of power in the Middle East and beyond. This scenario underscores the urgent need to dismantle Iran's nuclear program as soon as possible, but it would be a shame to stop there. Tehran's leadership has been transparent in its ambition to use an "Islam bomb" to "export the revolution;" even its own officials have openly acknowledged this goal. Allowing Iran to succeed also encourage other rogue states to develop nuclear weapons.
The idea of negotiating a "deal" to limit, control or "verify" Iran's nuclear activities has proven to be both ineffective and dangerous. History has shown that the Iranian regime is not a trustworthy partner in diplomacy. Past agreements, including the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), were riddled with loopholes that Tehran exploited to continue advancing its nuclear weapons ambitions under the guise of compliance. Iran has repeatedly violated international agreements and deceived global watchdogs. It seems clear that any new deal would likely meet the same fate. Trusting such a regime to honor its commitments is like trusting the cat to guard the cream. The regime's primary goal is, first, to stay in power; second, to acquire nuclear weapons. No amount of diplomatic engagement will deter it from pursuing these objectives. Any agreement would merely buy more time for Iran to refine its nuclear technologies while easing international pressure. The regime's strategy is to outlast all sanctions and inspections, while continuing its covert nuclear activities, repressing it citizens, and planning its future expansion. The international community would do the world a favor by stopping Iran from reaching both goals. If not, there will be no chance of durable stability in the Middle East. It is as simple as that. A decisive and uncompromising approach is therefore necessary to dismantle both Iran's nuclear program entirely and its Islamist regime. Sanctioning Iran's financial resources once again can significantly hinder Iran's ability to develop nuclear weapons and fund its proxies and militias. Curbing Iran could include cutting off its access to global financial systems, authorizing secondary sanctions on countries that decide doing business with Iran is worth the downside, freezing assets, and imposing penalties on entities that facilitate Iran's nuclear activities. But those requirements alone will not be enough to ensure a durable peace in the region. For that important goal, the US and the West will need to compel Iran's rulers to understand that their lives will be more enjoyable elsewhere.
Failing to act decisively against Iran's nuclear program can have only catastrophic consequences. The world, unfortunately, cannot allow the Iranian regime to achieve either its nuclear or theocratic aims. It is not just a matter of regional security, it is a global imperative. Only by neutralizing the entire Iranian threat will the world be able to work toward a future of stability, prosperity and peace.
*Dr. Majid Rafizadeh, is a scholar, strategist and advisor, Harvard-educated analyst, political scientist, and board member of Harvard International Review. He has authored several books on the US Foreign Policy and Islam. He can be reached at Dr.Rafizadeh@Post.Harvard.Edu
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https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/21207/neutralize-iran-nuclear-threat

What Assad’s overthrow revealed about Syrian regime’s Captagon empire
Jonathan Gornall/Arab News/December 14, 2024
LONDON: For more than a decade, the illegal drug Captagon has been mass produced in Syria, in laboratories either run by or with the blessing of a regime hard hit by Western sanctions and desperate to generate revenue.
The scale of the trade, targeted mainly at young people in the Gulf states, particularly Saudi Arabia, was revealed last year in an Arab News expose produced in collaboration with the New Lines Institute. A cheaply made form of amphetamine, Captagon has been flooding into countries of the Middle East for more than a decade, causing social harm on an unprecedented scale. Embossed with its distinctive twin half moons logo, which gives the drug its Arabic street name, “Abu Hilalain,” or Father of the Two Crescents, the pills are easy to make, readily available, and relatively cheap to buy. On Dec. 4, the New Lines Institute in Washington launched a unique interactive online tool designed to help researchers and global law enforcement agencies research, track, and understand the scale and complexities of the trade.
Just days after the launch of the project, the Syrian regime, which had been locked in a grinding civil war with armed opposition groups for almost 14 years, suddenly collapsed. In the early hours of Sunday, Dec. 8, President Bashar Assad and his family fled to Moscow, where their Russian allies granted them asylum. Since then, multiple Captagon laboratories have been overrun in areas formerly controlled by the Syrian government, with raw materials, machinery, packaging and countless thousands of pills found abandoned in haste.
But no one should think for one moment that the collapse of the Assad regime means the end of the curse of Captagon, according to Caroline Rose, director of the Strategic Blind Spots Portfolio at the New Lines Institute. “We are going to see a shift in the trade now that Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham and a lot of communities in Syria have started to disassemble Captagon production sites and incinerate Captagon pills,” she told Arab News. In his victory speech at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus on Monday, HTS leader Abu Mohammed Al-Golani made a specific point of condemning the drug and Assad’s part in its production. The ousted president, he said, had caused the country to become “a major Captagon factory in the world, and today Syria is being cleansed of it.”
It is “very clear that if you are a Captagon manufacturer who did not flee with the regime, you are now in trouble, Rose said.
“But I think what we’re going to see now is overspill, what people often call the ‘balloon effect.’ Production is being squeezed inside Syria, but we are going to see the emergence of larger-scale Captagon production facilities in a few countries where alarm bells have already been ringing.”Authorities across the region have frequently reported seizures of the pills, intercepted at ports, airports, and border crossings, in an ongoing battle of wits with smugglers resorting to increasingly ingenious methods.
The New Lines Institute’s Captagon Trade Project, the product of years of research, is the first time that information about all reported global seizures of the drug, showing the sheer scale of the trade, can be accessed in one place.
And clues to the changing profile of the Captagon trade in the months leading up the regime’s collapse can be found in the project’s data, which reveal that production facilities have been popping up in countries including Iraq, Lebanon and Turkiye.
In Lebanon, the Iran-backed Hezbollah militia, under intense pressure from Israel, “has an incentive to build up its own financial reserves, and Captagon is an easy way to do that,” Rose said. A couple of Captagon labs were found earlier this year in Turkiye, a country where “we had not seen labs in a very long time.” Production facilities have even been found as far away as Europe, in Germany and the Netherlands. In all these cases, it was certain that governments were not involved in the trade, according to Rose. “Syria was a very interesting and rare case where we did see the involvement of so many high-level officials in the regime, implicated in Captagon production and trafficking,” she said. While Assad himself carefully distanced himself from the trade, his brother Maher was heavily implicated with production and smuggling efforts in his role as commander of the Fourth Armored Division, a military unit whose primary mission was to protect the Syrian regime from internal and external threats. Quite where he is now remains uncertain.
“I have heard that Maher and his Fourth Division commanders made their way through Iraq to Iran and are now in Tehran,” Rose said. “However, other reports say HTS has found and detained him. That’s not confirmed yet. But if Maher is still there, it’s likely that a lot of members of the regime’s Captagon organization are also still in Syria.”
Either way, there is now “an assumption that this is the end of Captagon, but it’s not. We need to keep in mind that over the past two years Captagon production had already started to trickle outside of Syria.
“For the longest time, regime-held Syria was the hub of Captagon production. Then we started to see labs being seized in southern and northern Iraq and even in Kuwait, which is interesting and makes sense. They were starting to build this bridge through Iraq to get closer to destination markets in the Gulf.” At the same time, there were signs that the regime was cracking down on the Captagon trade — or, rather, pretending to — as revealed by the comprehensive seizure data in New Lines Institute’s online mapping tool. “We saw the regime’s incentive to normalize relations with the Gulf states, and recognition that it needed to be seen to be cracking down on this trade, while quietly still reaping the economic benefits,” Rose said.
“For that reason, we think, in the past year we have seen the supply of Captagon — or, at least, what was seized — decrease dramatically, especially in Gulf states such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE, which were the two targets for normalization discussions for the regime. “We have cause to believe that the flow of Captagon was actually halted by the regime. They were stepping on the hose to create the appearance that they had stopped Captagon production, in the hope that it would bring the Gulf states to the table. “In fact, as we’ve seen with the finds in Syria over the past few days, they seem to have been stockpiling the drug. Most likely later on they would have flooded the market.” Sandwiched between Syria and Saudi Arabia, Jordan has long borne the brunt of smuggling attempts orchestrated by the Syrian military and Iran-backed militias operating in the south of Syria. It has, for many years, been a key battleground in the fight to stem the tide of the drug. Over the past few months, however, there have been telltale signs of changes in the nature of attempts to smuggle Captagon through Jordan to Saudi Arabia and beyond. “Unusually, we’ve not seen any seizures in Jordan since early November,” Rose said. “Typically, around this time of the year we would see an uptick in Captagon there, not only in smuggling incidents, but also in clashes along the border, because that’s when the wintry conditions start to set in, creating conditions that make it perfect for a smuggler to bypass surveillance systems.”
In Saudi Arabia, meanwhile, the most recent recorded seizure was on Dec. 7 at the Al-Wadiah border crossing with Yemen. The two before that were both on Nov. 30, at the checkpoint on the King Fahd Causeway to Bahrain and on the other side of the country at the Port of Duba on the Red Sea.
“One was about 200,000 pills, the other one 280,000, so nothing major,” Rose said. “What we’ve noticed is that the number of seizures is increasing, but the sizes of the consignments are dwindling.”In other words, smugglers are making more frequent runs, but with smaller batches of pills, which implies smaller players smuggling overland, rather than major, connected players shipping in bulk via sea.
Whatever HTS chief Al-Golani might say, or even intend, Syria is not yet free of Captagon, according to Rose. “I am positive that there are actors who are picking up a few thousand pills and peddling them on the street,” she said.
“This is still a very lucrative trade. Syria is not out of the woods economically, and there will be many people who will want to try to make a profit.”
Made for about $1 and typically sold for 15 times as much, Captagon is an exceptionally profitable product, which is estimated to have earned the Syrian regime more than $2 billion per year.“And at the end of the day, old habits die hard,” Rose said. “For a lot of these individuals, not necessarily high-level regime officials, this has been their way of life for years, and so it’s going to be very difficult for any new government in Syria to convince these criminal actors to give up this source of revenue.”

Defeating Hamas has become secondary to annexation of Gaza
Yossi Mekelberg/Arab News/December 14, 2024
To say that there is no dull moment in Middle Eastern politics would be a gross understatement, and the past 14 months have mainly revolved around a constant and never-ending litany of deaths, destruction, and extreme suffering. The fall of the brutal Bashar Assad regime and, before that, an agreement to end the war between Israel and Hezbollah have been the only flickers of hope and optimism.
Yet, as other events occupy the headlines, we must not forget Gaza. At the beginning of the war, the objectives set by the Israeli government were of defeating Hamas to ensure that an Oct. 7-style massacre would never be repeated, and of bringing the hostages back home, but now the fate of the captives seems no longer to be a priority for the Netanyahu government. Since there is a consensus that Hamas has by now been deprived of its capability to pose a threat to Israel and is mainly engaged in guerrilla warfare in Gaza, there has been a shift in Israel’s objectives, and it is an extremely unpleasant one. What is emerging are allegations of atrocious acts of ethnic cleansing, at least in parts of the Gaza Strip, and of Israeli plans to build Israeli settlements there — two developments that should not be allowed to materialize.
Due to the circumstances, including the total surprise and magnitude of the losses inflicted by Hamas which ignited this war, a dangerous Israeli pattern of response emerged that has strong elements of revenge, and a mindset that feels justified in using excessive force and holding the entire population of Gaza guilty of the Oct. 7 attack. Israel has sought the total elimination of Hamas, while marginalizing the objective of releasing the hostages in favor of a long-term and perhaps even a permanent Israeli presence in Gaza at the expense of the Palestinians.
In the early days of the war there was an understandable and justified broad international support for Israel to go after Hamas, but there was insufficient commitment shown by the international community to prevent Israel from treating the entire population of Gaza as something between collateral damage or — supposedly because it lived under a Hamas government — as collaborators in the crime committed by that Islamist movement.
When the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, it led to bipartisan outrage in the Knesset despite growing evidence of war crimes committed by Israeli troops, and their government’s shift from intentions of ethnic cleansing to operationalizing it, at least in northern Gaza. Most significantly, by now these claims of war crimes are not originating exclusively from Palestinian or international sources, but from those Israelis of conscience who are appalled by the immorality and strategic futility of the path along which Netanyahu and his ultra right-wing government are leading the country.
Moshe Ya’alon, who previously served first as Israeli military chief of staff and later as a defense minister in Netanyahu’s Cabinet until falling out with the prime minister for his recklessness and his corrupting of the entire political system, is not known for his dovish outlook toward Israel’s foreign affairs and most definitely not with regard to the conflict with the Palestinians. However, Ya’alon has still felt obliged to speak up in public against what Israel is perpetrating in Gaza. In an interview with Israel’s Channel 12 TV, this decorated former military commander argued that the hawks in Netanyahu’s far-right Cabinet are looking to chase out the Palestinians from northern Gaza to enable them to establish settlements there. And to the surprise of his interviewer, he then declared that “the path they’re dragging us down is to occupy, annex, and ethnically cleanse — look at the northern strip,” and insisted that this was the true situation, despite being challenged on his view both on and off air.
There has been as shift in Israel’s objectives, and it is an extremely unpleasant one.
But we might well ask why he should retract his claim, when Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich suggested last month that Israel should occupy Gaza and “encourage” half of the enclave’s 2.2 million Palestinians to emigrate within two years, and claimed with qualms neither ethical nor political that “it is possible to create a situation where Gaza’s population will be reduced to half its current size in two years,” and that Israel can afford this.
This is the chilling testimony to the state of mind within the settler movement, which has disproportionate power within the Cabinet. They believe that Israel’s military power, which degraded the military capabilities of Hamas and Hezbollah, and re-established deterrence with Tehran, has instilled enough fear among the people of Gaza that they could be bribed en masse to give up their national and political rights. One dreads to think what Plan B would be for Smotrich should more than a million people refuse to accept his dirty money and leave.
In the meantime, there is mounting evidence of war crimes being committed in Gaza. An Israeli historian, Lee Mordechai, has compiled a database of thousands of videos, photos, testimonies, and shocking evidence based on eyewitness accounts, reports, and investigations that documents the horrors committed by Israel in Gaza which was exposed in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz. In his report, Mordechai, who is also a former officer in the Israeli army’s Combat Engineering Corps, is said to present evidence linking soldiers to “shooting civilians waving white flags, abuse of individuals, captives and corpses, gleefully damaging or destroying houses, various structures and institutions, religious sites and looting personal belongings,” among other alleged abuses of power in clear and obvious violation of international humanitarian law.
Most of the Israeli media fails its viewers miserably by neglecting to show the horrors their army is committing in Gaza on their behalf, while most of the population, in an act of willful ignorance, is not asking questions or looking for this “inconvenient truth” elsewhere. Neither the trauma of Oct. 7, nor Israelis who claim not to know about the humanitarian disaster inflicted on Gaza’s population, nor any alleged crimes committed by a family member, friend or neighbor could ever serve as valid excuses for not demanding that their government bring this despicable behavior to an immediate halt.
At some point, hopefully soon, the guns will fall silent, and those who were behind them or gave orders to misuse them will have first and foremost to live with their conscience regarding how they treated innocent and defenseless people, but this might not be enough. Fighting an enemy, as cruel as it might be, is one thing; demonizing and dehumanizing other human beings, and hurting and humiliating them, is completely different. It is, therefore, no surprise that Israel’s reputation in the world is at an all-time low. Even worse, however, is that Israel’s appalling conduct damages Israeli society and its ability to live, one day, in peace with its Palestinian neighbors.
• Yossi Mekelberg is a professor of international relations and an associate fellow of the MENA Program at Chatham House.
X: @YMekelberg

EU broadens its horizons with South America deal
Andrew Hammond/Arab News/December 14, 2024
A common perception of the EU is that it is a lumbering, sclerotic bloc that is punching well below its weight on the world stage. However, the new European Commission of President Ursula von der Leyen is moving fast, at home and abroad, in its first 100 days, including last week’s big new trade deal with South America.The concept of the first 100 days of a new political leadership dates back to at least the first US presidency of Franklin Roosevelt in 1933. In just over three months, the Roosevelt White House worked with Congress to pass dozens of laws, many directed toward reviving the US economy in the midst of the Great Depression.The first 100 days has, therefore, typically been defined in terms of domestic policy. However, for the new European Commission, which took office on Dec. 1, foreign policy will be just as much at the fore. Perhaps the key reason for this is that of the incoming second US presidency of Donald Trump. Trump’s first term saw the EU shaken by his hostility toward the bloc, and Brussels had hoped that there would be no repeat experience.
Yet, following the Nov. 5 US election, top EU officials know that the period from Jan. 20 may be the most difficult four years in the bloc’s decades-long history, including a potential trade war with Washington. Trump comes into office with a different agenda from other presidents in the post-war era who, to a lesser or greater degree, saw European integration as a positive dynamic for the US. In his first term, he favored the dismemberment of the bloc.
It is in this context that von der Leyen now urgently needs to pursue a robust foreign policy that preserves and protects EU interests, at home and abroad. On the security front, perhaps the biggest challenge may come with the Ukraine war if Trump reduces or stops support for Kyiv.
Beyond this crucial issue, however, are a much wider series of foreign policy questions, as the EU seeks to broaden its range of foreign policy and economic partners following Russia’s 2022 invasion. An early key test of this approach came at last week’s Mercosur summit when the EU struck a big trade deal with partners in South America, sometimes described as the political “backyard” of the US.
To be sure, the EU is currently negotiating trade deals with multiple key world powers, including India. However, the most imminent possibility of a deal is with Mercosur, which includes Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, to create a “new” combined market of the best part of 800 million people.
While von der Leyen and a critical mass of European national leaders, including German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, pushed the Mercosur deal hard, and got it over the line, there has been rearguard opposition. This includes most notably from French President Emmanuel Macron, who has channeled concerns about the deal from the powerful farming lobby, not just in his own nation, but also across the EU.
While Ursula von der Leyen and a critical mass of European national leaders pushed the Mercosur deal hard, and got it over the line, there has been rearguard opposition.
In part, this is because of the deal’s import quotas of key agricultural products from the Mercosur bloc, either duty free or at reduced levy. These goods include beef, poultry, ethanol, sugar, maize, and soybean products.
To be sure, the new agreement is not all one-way traffic. For instance, EU producers secure increased access to Mercosur markets that could boost exports of products such as wine, cheese, milk powder, and olive oil.
However, the net agricultural benefit is forecast to strongly favor Mercosur. For instance, the EU sugar trade deficit with the South American bloc would rise to about €330 million ($346 million) by 2032 from €223 million in 2023, according to the European Commission’s Joint Research Center.
Amid these economic machinations, and with a darkening foreign policy context for Europe, von der Leyen pushed the Mercosur deal so hard because she perceived if it was not concluded now, any later deal might take years, if indeed it ever materialized.
Business support is also strong for the deal. Only last month, around 80 business associations in the EU and Mercosur urged their respective governments to fast-track finalization of the trade agreement.
The corporate groups highlight that, in 2022, EU-Mercosur trade reached more than €159 billion in goods and services, with mutual investments at about €380 billion. This massive economic web of investment underpins millions of jobs. The business lobbies estimate that the agreement will significantly reduce tariffs on EU exports to Mercosur, enhancing competitiveness for EU companies by saving about €4 billion annually in duties.
This underlines that one of the pressing reasons the Mercosur trade agreement has become more important for von der Leyen is that South America is potentially key to the EU’s economic diversification agenda since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Mercosur is, potentially, a vast new source of raw materials as Europe broadens its global supply chains, a growing imperative.
Former EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell has even said that the South America region has the economic potential of becoming the “new Arabian Gulf” given its critical mineral assets such as lithium. He and many key European decision-makers perceive the Mercosur deal will pull the two regions closer geopolitically amid a broader, international competition for influence, including China and Russia seeking to strengthen diplomatic ties with resource-rich South America.
• Andrew Hammond is an Associate at LSE IDEAS at the London School of Economics.

Georgia’s shaky path to EU creates options for Middle East

Dr. Diana Galeeva/Arab News/December 14, 2024
Almost a year ago, Georgia reached a milestone in its foreign policy when the European Commission announced the country was a candidate for EU membership. Despite that historic decision, Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze said last week that arrangements to join the bloc would be delayed, and membership talks would not be held until 2028 — a statement that led to rioting in Tbilisi. What is Georgia’s path to the EU now, and the potential implications of this decision for the country; and what might these developments mean for the Middle East?
Given its “small state” status, Georgia is torn between Russia and the West, especially since the outbreak of the Ukraine war. Georgia, as well as Moldova, which borders Ukraine, has been feeling the effects of the polarized political field on its ability to calibrate foreign policy. In August 2008, Russia and Georgia had a brief war, after which Moscow declared the independence of South Ossetia and another breakaway province, Abkhazia, and established an armed base there.
Initially, the Georgian government expressed solidarity with Ukraine in the UN, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Council of Europe. In March 2022, Georgia took an essential symbolic step toward EU membership, a few days after Ukraine’s application. However, the country did not impose economic sanctions on Russia. Coincidentally, after the recent decisions, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky expressed his view to European partners and the US in support of Georgia’s pro-EU movement, following up on Ukraine’s sanctions against the Georgian government amid its crackdowns on EU protests.
Ukraine’s Western backers supported this path. In an official statement on Georgia’s suspension of EU accession, the US said that this “process goes against the promise to the Georgian people enshrined in their constitution to pursue full integration into the EU and NATO.” Earlier, in October, the European Commission told Georgia that it would not be able to recommend opening EU membership talks with the state unless it changed political course, considering that the Georgian Dream policy is increasingly Moscow friendly.
According to the bloc’s expansion policy, the commission repeated that “Georgia’s accession process has de facto been halted” because of reasons such as legislation and need for electoral reform, and a new policy that requires organizations in Georgia to obtain more than 20 percent of their financial support from abroad to register as agents of foreign impact — which is regarded as “strong anti-EU narratives.” After the decision of the Georgian Dream governing party to suspend its path to the EU, Dutch officials said that they would ask the EU to suspend its visa-free arrangement with Georgia, in addition to requesting an examination into the actions of the Georgian Dream government.
Despite Georgia being sandwiched by the geopolitical rivalry between Russia and the West, it seems the crisis within Europe, nonetheless, may play out positively in terms of Georgia’s relations with Middle Eastern partners. Relations are already being boosted through the memorandum of understanding that has linked Georgia and the GCC since 2017, in addition to the joint action plan that was approved in 2022. This includes cooperation in the fields of politics, economy, and communications.
Georgia is now an attractive investment destination for Saudi Arabia.
Individual bilateral relations with member countries have been growing, while official visits have been particularly frequent, helping to facilitate mutual benefits. In 2022, bilateral non-oil trade between Georgia and UAE reached $468 million, an increase of 110 percent over 2021, and constituting 63 percent of Georgia’s trade with the entire Arab world. In 2023, the UAE signed a comprehensive economic partnership agreement with Georgia, particularly motivated by the strategic importance of Georgia, which acts as an East-West corridor to boost connectivity and trade. Its position makes Georgia an important transit hub between Asia and Europe, and this has become more important, especially for Europe in recent times. As security concerns grow around energy supplies, in particular, reliable alternative routes and markets are key.
After the official visit of Irakli Garibashvili to Saudi Arabia at the end of 2022, where the then-prime minister met Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Georgia became an area of special interest. While Georgia is now an attractive investment destination for the Kingdom, transformations in Saudi Arabia, such as the implementation of Vision 2030, and the NEOM project — a city expected to be run totally on renewable energy — have been key drivers, too. As 85 percent of Georgia’s electricity comes from renewable sources, renewable energy, its technology and expertise, is a strategic priority for Georgia, and an important tool for cooperation with the energy-rich GCC states in their efforts to diversify.
In addition to renewables, relations with Saudi Arabia are strategic in the economic field, especially in agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. In October this year, Levan Davitashvili, Georgian minister of economy and sustainable development, held a meeting with a Saudi business delegation within the framework of the Georgia-Saudi Business Forum. The highlight of the event was that Polymer Solution, Gulf Pharma, and Medical Bridge signed an agreement to bring over $52.5 million of investment to Georgia. Similarly, during recent meetings between Qatar and Georgia’s leaderships, economic diplomacy — intensified economic and business relations — was discussed, which relies on Georgia’s attractive investment environment and strategic location.
Georgia’s EU route has become challenging over recent years, and depends on many internal and international factors, including the outcome of the Ukraine war, the policies of a new Trump administration toward NATO, and other geopolitical events. Nonetheless, the subsequent uncertainty opens a unique opportunity to further boost relations with alternative players, including from the Middle East, which have recently been increasing their importance. The Georgian Dream party will need to respond to further internal pressure, as pro-Western sentiment among citizens is high. But at the same time, the government will be further pressured over the consequences of greater integration, and geopolitical as well as security concerns, according to the state’s evolving needs.
In such uncertain times, it will be pragmatic also to pay attention to the opportunities offered by other countries, including the Gulf states, where much progress has already been made.
• Dr. Diana Galeeva is an academic visitor to Oxford University.
X: @Dr_GaleevaDiana