LCCC 
ENGLISH DAILY NEWS BULLETIN
March 26/2018 
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias 
Bejjani
 
The Bulletin's Link on the 
lccc Site
http://data.eliasbejjaninews.com/newselias18/english.march26.18.htm
 
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2006
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	Bible 
	Quotations
	Enter 
	through the narrow gate; for the gate is wide and the road is easy that 
	leads to destruction, and there are many who take it
	Matthew 07/13-27: "‘Enter through the narrow gate; for the gate is wide and 
	the road is easy that leads to destruction, and there are many who take it. 
	For the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there 
	are few who find it. ‘Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s 
	clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves. You will know them by their 
	fruits. Are grapes gathered from thorns, or figs from thistles? In the same 
	way, every good tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears bad fruit. A 
	good tree cannot bear bad fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. Every 
	tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 
	Thus you will know them by their fruits. ‘Not everyone who says to me, 
	"Lord, Lord", will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only one who does the 
	will of my Father in heaven. On that day many will say to me, "Lord, Lord, 
	did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do 
	many deeds of power in your name? " Then I will declare to them, "I never 
	knew you; go away from me, you evildoers." ‘Everyone then who hears these 
	words of mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house 
	on rock. The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that 
	house, but it did not fall, because it had been founded on rock. And 
	everyone who hears these words of mine and does not act on them will be like 
	a foolish man who built his house on sand. The rain fell, and the floods 
	came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell and great 
	was its fall!
	
	Keep away from believers who are living in 
	idleness and not according to the tradition that they received from us.
	Second Letter to the Thessalonians 03/06-14/"We command you, beloved, in the 
	name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to keep away from believers who are living in 
	idleness and not according to the tradition that they received from us. For 
	you yourselves know how you ought to imitate us; we were not idle when we 
	were with you, and we did not eat anyone’s bread without paying for it; but 
	with toil and labour we worked night and day, so that we might not burden 
	any of you. This was not because we do not have that right, but in order to 
	give you an example to imitate. For even when we were with you, we gave you 
	this command: Anyone unwilling to work should not eat. For we hear that some 
	of you are living in idleness, mere busybodies, not doing any work. Now such 
	persons we command and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ to do their work 
	quietly and to earn their own living. Brothers and sisters, do not be weary 
	in doing what is right. Take note of those who do not obey what we say in 
	this letter; have nothing to do with them, so that they may be ashamed."
 
	
	Titles 
	For Latest LCCC Bulletin analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources 
	published on March 25-26/18
	Jesus’ Victorious Entry into Jerusalem -Palm 
	Sunday/Elias Bejjani/25 March/18
	Lebanon elections and Hezbollah’s fearmongering about war with IsraelAli Al-Amin/Al 
	Arabiya/March 25/18
	Use Your Brain: Artificial Intelligence Isn't Close to Replacing It/Leonid 
	Bershidsky/Bloomberg/March 25/18 
	Big Tech May Be Monopolistic, But It's Good for Consumers/Michael 
	Strain/Bloomberg//March 25/18 
	Will Trump Let Assad Get Away With Using Chemical Weapons in Syria?/Josh 
	Rogin/The Washington Post/March 25/18 
	Palestinian Christian Theologians against Israel/Denis MacEoin/Gatestone 
	Institute/March 25/18 
	Debate over intellectual freedoms and rights in Saudi Arabia/Fahad Suleiman 
	Shoqiran/Al Arabiya/March 25/18
	Iran’s ‘Hitler’ facing the Trump storm/Mohammed Al Shaikh/Al Arabiya/March 
	25/18
	Will New US Security Chief Take The World To War/Baria Alamuddin/Arab 
	News/March 25/18
	Turkey’s Cruel Joke As Its Fighters Loot Afrin/Diana Moukalled/Arab 
	News/March 25/18
	The Saudi Aramco IPO: Back to basics/Dr. Mohamed A. Ramady/Al Arabiya/March 
	25/18
	Abbas’ deplorable legacy: Beginning of the end/Ramzy Baroud/Al Arabiya/March 
	25/18
	Some causes for concern following John Bolton appointment/Ron Ben-Yishai/Ynetnews/March 
	25/18
	
	Titles For Latest LCCC Lebanese Related News 
	published on March 25-26/18
	Jesus’ Victorious Entry into Jerusalem -Palm Sunday
	Report: IDF hit Hezbollah outposts in Lebanon
	Lebanese PM Hariri Leads Election Campaign Against Hezbollah
	Lebanon elections and Hezbollah’s fearmongering about war with Israel
	Hariri and Rifi in Electoral War of Words
	Hussein al-Husseini Withdraws from Electoral Race
	Hariri Meets Islamist Prisoners' Families, Urges Beirut Voter Turnout
	Khalil Says Electoral Rivals Want to 'Weaken Resistance'
	Jabbour Says Shiite Opposition to Take on Hizbullah in Baalbek-Hermel
	Hariri announces Tripoli Electoral List: Our project is to protect the 
	country and the North with deeds not words, with moderation not extremism, 
	with wisdom not fake wars.
	Hariri from Manara: Beirut angry at certain attempts to take control of its 
	decision
	Hariri visits Machnouk at his electoral office
	Hariri meets with Islamic detainees' families
	Jumblatt cables Macron denouncing Trebes terrorist attack
	Arslan via Twitter: Mountain's guarantee is liberation from isolation, 
	encouraging investments
	Saleh representing Berri: Elections a decisive phase
	Ezzeddine from Tyre: Our city must be ready to invest in oil resources
	Rahi chairs Palm Sunday Mass in Bkirki
	
	Titles For Latest LCCC Bulletin For Miscellaneous Reports And 
	News published on March 25-26/18
	Keep shouting, don't become anesthetized, pope tells young people
	Saudi Crown Prince visits Boston with focus on science and innovation
	Bahrain announces steps against ‘malicious social media accounts’
	Ghouta civilians receive aid if they pledge allegiance to Assad
	US Airstrike Kills Two Qaeda 'Terrorists' in Southern Libya
	US Weighs Recommendation to Expel Russian Diplomats
	Hamas to Accuse PA Parties of Involvement in PM Assassination Attempt
	‘Aleppo’s Artery’: A Route Paved with Death, A Money Well for Pro-Regime 
	Militias
	Israel PM Eyes Mumbai Flights after Saudi Opens Airspace
	German Police Arrest ex-Catalan Leader Puigdemont
	Tearful Syrians in Rebel Enclave Begin New Evacuation
	Israeli Warplanes Hit Hamas in Gaza
	Nigerian Town Awaits Release of Christian Girl Held by Boko Haram
	
	
	
	Latest Lebanese Related News published 
	on March 25-26/18
	Jesus’ Victorious Entry into Jerusalem -Palm Sunday
	Elias Bejjani/25 March/18
	
	
	http://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/38277
	(Psalm118/26): “Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of Yahweh! We 
	have blessed You out of the house of Yahweh”.
	On the seventh Lantern Sunday, known as the “Palm Sunday”, our Maronite 
	Catholic Church celebrates the Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. The 
	joyful and faithful people of this Holy City and their children welcomed 
	Jesus with innocent spontaneity and declared Him a King. Through His 
	glorious and modest entry the essence of His Godly royalty that we share 
	with Him in baptism and anointing of Chrism was revealed. Jesus’ Triumphant 
	Entry into Jerusalem, the “Palm Sunday”, marks the Seventh Lantern Sunday, 
	the last one before Easter Day, (The Resurrection).
	During the past six Lantern weeks, we the believers are ought to have 
	renewed and rekindled our faith and reverence through genuine fasting, 
	contemplation, penance, prayers, repentance and acts of charity. By now we 
	are expected to have fully understood the core of love, freedom, and justice 
	that enables us to enter into a renewed world of worship that encompasses 
	the family, the congregation, the community and the nation.
	Jesus entered Jerusalem for the last time to participate in the Jewish 
	Passover Holiday. He was fully aware that the day of His suffering and death 
	was approaching and unlike all times, He did not stop the people from 
	declaring Him a king and accepted to enter the city while they were happily 
	chanting : “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the 
	King of Israel!”.(John 12/13). Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to 
	Jesus, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples!” “I tell you,” he replied, “if they 
	keep quiet, the stones will cry out.” (Luke 19/39-40). Jesus entered 
	Jerusalem to willingly sacrifice Himself, die on the cross, redeem us and 
	absolve our original sin.
	On the Palm Sunday we take our children and grandchildren to celebrate the 
	mass and the special procession while happily they are carrying candles 
	decorated with lilies and roses. Men and women hold palm fronds with olive 
	branches, and actively participate in the Palm Procession with modesty, love 
	and joy crying out loudly: “Hosanna to the Son of David!” “Blessed is he who 
	comes in the name of the Lord!” “Hosanna in the highest!” (Matthew 21/09).
	On the Palm Sunday through the procession, prayers, and mass we renew our 
	confidence and trust in Jesus. We beg Him for peace and commit ourselves to 
	always tame all kinds of evil hostilities, forgive others and act as peace 
	and love advocates and defend man’s dignity and his basic human rights. 
	“Ephesians 2:14”: “For Christ Himself has brought peace to us. He united 
	Jews and Gentiles into one people when, in His own body on the cross, He 
	broke down the wall of hostility that separated us”
	The Triumphal Entry of Jesus’ story into Jerusalem appears in all four 
	Gospel accounts (Matthew 21:1-17; Mark 11:1-11; Luke 19:29-40; John 
	12:12-19). The four accounts shows clearly that the Triumphal Entry was a 
	significant event, not only to the people of Jesus’ day, but to Christians 
	throughout history.
	The Triumphal Entry as it appeared in Saint John’s Gospel, (12/12-19), as 
	follows : “On the next day a great multitude had come to the feast. When 
	they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, they took the branches of the 
	palm trees, and went out to meet him, and cried out, “Hosanna! Blessed is he 
	who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!” Jesus, having found 
	a young donkey, sat on it. As it is written, “Don’t be afraid, daughter of 
	Zion. Behold, your King comes, sitting on a donkey’s colt. ”His disciples 
	didn’t understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then 
	they remembered that these things were written about Him, and that they had 
	done these things to Him. The multitude therefore that was with Him when He 
	called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, was testifying 
	about it. For this cause also the multitude went and met Him, because they 
	heard that He had done this sign. The Pharisees therefore said among 
	themselves, “See how you accomplish nothing. Behold, the world has gone 
	after him.” Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to 
	worship at the feast. These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from 
	Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we want to see Jesus.” 
	Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew came with Philip, and they 
	told Jesus.”
	The multitude welcomed Jesus, His disciples and followers while chanting: 
	“Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of 
	Israel!”.(John 12/13). His entry was so humble, meek simple and spontaneous. 
	He did not ride in a chariot pulled by horses as earthly kings and 
	conquerors do, He did not have armed guards, nor officials escorting him. He 
	did not come to Jerusalem to fight, rule, judge or settle scores with any 
	one, but to offer Himself a sacrifice for our salvation.
	Before entering Jerusalem, He stopped in the city of Bethany, where Lazarus 
	(whom he raised from the tomb) with his two sisters Mary and Martha lived. 
	In Hebrew Bethany means “The House of the Poor”. His stop in Bethany before 
	reaching Jerusalem was a sign of both His acceptance of poverty and His 
	readiness to offer Himself as a sacrifice. He is the One who accepted 
	poverty for our own benefit and came to live in poverty with the poor and 
	escort them to heaven, the Kingdom of His Father.
	After His short Stop in Bethany, Jesus entered Jerusalem to fulfill all the 
	prophecies, purposes and the work of the Lord since the dawn of history. All 
	the scripture accounts were fulfilled and completed with his suffering, 
	torture, crucifixion, death and resurrection. On the Cross, He cried with a 
	loud voice: “It is finished.” He bowed his head, and gave up his 
	spirit.(John19/30)
	The multitude welcomed Jesus when He entered Jerusalem so one of the Old 
	Testament prophecies would be fulfilled. (Zechariah 9:9-10): “Rejoice 
	greatly, Daughter Zion! Shout, Daughter Jerusalem! See, your King comes to 
	you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the 
	foal of a donkey. I will take away the chariots from Ephraim and the 
	warhorses from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be broken. He will 
	proclaim peace to the nations. His rule will extend from sea to sea and from 
	the River to the ends of the earth”.
	The crowd welcomed Jesus for different reasons and numerous expectations. 
	There were those who came to listen to His message and believed in Him, 
	while others sought a miraculous cure for their ailments and they got what 
	they came for, but many others envisaged in Him a mortal King that could 
	liberate their country, Israel, and free them from the yoke of the Roman 
	occupation. Those were disappointed when Jesus told them: “My Kingdom is not 
	an earthly kingdom” (John 18/36)
	Christ came to Jerusalem to die on its soil and fulfill the scriptures. It 
	was His choice where to die in Jerusalem as He has said previously: “should 
	not be a prophet perish outside of Jerusalem” (Luke 13/33): “Nevertheless, I 
	must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be 
	that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem”.
	He has also warned Jerusalem because in it all the prophets were killed: 
	(Luke 13:34-35): “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets 
	and stones those sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children 
	together, just as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you would not 
	have it! “behold, your house is left to you desolate; and I say to you, you 
	will not see Me until the time comes when you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes 
	in the name of the Lord”.
	Explanation of the Palm Sunday Procession Symbols
	The crowd chanted, “Hosanna to the Son of David” “Blessed is he who comes in 
	the name of the Lord!” “Hosanna in the highest!” (Matthew 21/09), because 
	Jesus was is a descendant of David. Hosanna in the highest is originated in 
	the Psalm 118/25: “Please, LORD, please save us. Please, LORD, please give 
	us success”. It is a call for help and salvation as also meant by the Psalm 
	26/11: “But I lead a blameless life; redeem me and be merciful to me”. 
	Hosanna also means: God enlightened us and will never abandon us, Jesus’ is 
	a salvation for the world”
	Spreading cloth and trees’ branches in front of Jesus to walk on them was an 
	Old Testament tradition that refers to love, obedience, submission, triumph 
	and loyalty. (2 Kings 09/13): “They hurried and took their cloaks and spread 
	them under him on the bare steps. Then they blew the trumpet and shouted, 
	“Jehu is king!”. In the old days Spreading garments before a dignitary was a 
	symbol of submission.
	Zion is a hill in Jerusalem, and the “Daughter of Zion” is Jerusalem. The 
	term is synonymous with “paradise” and the sky in its religious dimensions.
	Carrying palm and olive branches and waving with them expresses joy, peace, 
	longing for eternity and triumph. Palm branches are a sign of victory and 
	praise, while Olive branches are a token of joy, peace and durability. The 
	Lord was coming to Jerusalem to conquer death by death and secure eternity 
	for the faithful. It is worth mentioning that the olive tree is a symbol for 
	peace and its oil a means of holiness immortality with which Kings, Saints, 
	children and the sick were anointed.
	The name “King of Israel,” symbolizes the kingship of the Jews who were 
	waiting for Jehovah to liberate them from the Roman occupation.
	O, Lord Jesus, strengthen our faith to feel closer to You and to Your mercy 
	when in trouble;
	O, Lord Jesus, empower us with the grace of patience and meekness to endure 
	persecution, humiliation and rejection and always be Your followers.
	O, Lord Let Your eternal peace and gracious love prevail all over the world.
	A joyous Palm Sunday to all
	 
	Report: IDF hit 
	Hezbollah outposts in Lebanon
	Liad Osmo/Ynetnews/March 25/18/Terror group's affiliated network Al Mayadeen 
	denies reports in Al Arabiya alleging that the Israeli military had launched 
	strikes on several outposts in the Lebanese Beqaa Valley region of Baalbek 
	adjacent to the Syrian border. Arab media reported Sunday evening that 
	Israel has attacked Hezbollah outposts in the Lebanese Beqaa Valley region 
	of Baalbek adjacent to the Syrian border. The Al Arabiya network reports 
	were denied by the Hezbollah-affiliated Al Mayadeen network. The 
	terror-affiliated network cited what was described as a trustworthy source 
	to prove that there was no basis for the reports of an Israeli attack. 
	Hezbollah’s military public relations site also insisted that the reports 
	were without foundation and that no attacks were launched either on Lebanese 
	or Syrian soil. The reports come days after Israel confirmed that it was 
	responsible for the 2007 destruction of a Syrian nuclear reactor. Earlier in 
	Sunday, head of the IDF's Military Intelligence Directorate (MID) Maj.-Gen. 
	Herzi Halevi provided his first public comment on the split with former 
	Mossad head Tamir Pardo, who claimed that the late discovery of the Syrian 
	nuclear reactor was an abject intelligence failure, saying it was "improper 
	to present success as failure.""MID has a strategy of partnerships, and we 
	don't have the privilege of working alone. Even after removing the blackout, 
	I'm proud MID is at an all-time flourish—with Israel's citizens as 
	benefactors," Halevi said, speaking Sunday afternoon in a conference 
	organized by Ynet and Yedioth Ahronoth to celebrate 70 years of Israeli 
	success.
	 
	Lebanese PM Hariri 
	Leads Election Campaign Against Hezbollah
	Beirut- Paula Astih/Asharq Al Awsat/March 25/18/Lebanese Prime Minister Saad 
	Hariri successfully rallied people behind him after targeting in his speech 
	Hezbollah, making it clear that voters have a choice to make between two 
	very different political atmospheres. “The choice in the elections will be 
	easy: stability, security, economic drive and jobs, or God forbid, economic 
	and social nightmares,” Hariri told the people of Akkar. Hariri’s speech 
	comes at a time when the national registry for electoral lists is almost 
	complete, in light of partisan alliances formed nationwide. The deadline for 
	submitting electoral lists is March 25, announced the Interior Ministry. 
	“This election, with all due respect to all candidates, and all lists, is 
	actually a confrontation between two lines, two approaches and two wills. 
	Between a line that wants to protect Beirut’s political, national, Arab and 
	Beiruti identity, and a line that wants to put its hand on Beirut’s decision 
	and identity,” Hariri said in a speech during a ceremony held by the Future 
	Movement at the premier’s Downtown Beirut residence to announce the 
	electoral list of the Beirut-II district. Called “The Future Is for Beirut,” 
	the 11-member list includes, among others, Hariri, former Prime Minister 
	Tammam Salam and Interior Minister Nouhad Machnouk. After announcing an 
	electoral list he heads in Beirut, Hariri also announced his bloc’s 
	electoral list in Akkar. Prime Minister Hariri patronized Saturday afternoon 
	the Future Movement's organized ceremony in Khreibet el-Jindi in Akkar to 
	announce "The Future Is for Akkar" electoral list. “The Future Is for Akkar" 
	list that we are announcing today, is the guarantee for each and every one 
	of you, that Akkar's share of the large national project that we are working 
	on, will be major especially in terms of job opportunities for the youth in 
	Akkar,” he added.
	“The choice will be yours. You personally. On election day: if you vote for 
	the Future list, the future will be for Akkar, for Lebanon, and for this 
	political, economic and social project. However, if you do not vote, or vote 
	for another list, you would be personally choosing to halt the 
	project.”Hariri warned against Hezbollah, driven by Syrian regime head 
	Bashar Al Assad, seeking to gain new territories in upcoming elections. “I 
	did not want to talk about the other lists but we cannot ignore what is 
	happening! Is Bashar working on the formation of lists once again? And is 
	Hezbollah fulfilling the task? Here in Akkar, there is a list, and in 
	Tripoli there is a list, allies of the guardianship (Syrian influence) and 
	Hezbollah? In Beirut and Bekaa, also the same thing,” he told the crowd. 
	“Our battle is with these lists! Our battle is to stop guardianship from 
	laying its hand again on Akkar, Tripoli and the North! Our battle is 
	elections that do not surrender our regions' decision to the guardianship 
	and its allies!”“The lists of the Future Movement have taken this decision 
	in all of Lebanon! These elections are a choice between two projects, two 
	decisions, and two fates: Either a stable, secure Lebanon full of work, life 
	and investment, a sovereign, independent and Arab Lebanon or a Lebanon of 
	the guardianship, oppression and assassination era,” he explained.
	
	Lebanon elections and Hezbollah’s fearmongering about 
	war with Israel
	Ali Al-Amin/Al Arabiya/March 25/18
	انتخابات 2018: حزب الله يرهب جمهوره بحرب إسرائيلية افتراضية
	علي الأمين/20 آذار/18
	
	http://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/63433
	Hezbollah’s election campaign for the upcoming Lebanese parliamentary 
	elections in May heavily relies on fear-mongering about the possibility of a 
	war with Israel.
	Hezbollah has played a major role in formulating a new electoral law that 
	helps it infiltrate parliamentary representation allotted to other Lebanese 
	sects and gives it control over Shiite representation.
	Hezbollah’s poor governance
	However, it seems the party still faces problems with its support base. 
	These problems mainly relate to the lack of economic development in areas 
	under its control and there is growing criticism of its MPs for not 
	improving the economic situation over the past nine years. Baalbeck and 
	Hermel (located in the Beqaa Valley) which supported the party’s 
	establishment in 1982 suffer from the worst forms of economic ills. They 
	have been most neglected, although Hezbollah has represented them for more 
	than 25 years. They suffer from serious social and economic problems in 
	addition to a high rate of lawlessness and the spread of criminal gangs. To 
	overcome these objections, Hezbollah has resorted to intimidating people and 
	is warning of a possible war with Israel, claiming it to be an imminent 
	threat. Hezbollah is also issuing warnings of a possible ISIS threat, 
	irrespective of the fact that its Secretary General Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah 
	announced the party’s victory against ISIS just a few months ago!
	Hezbollah is thus incapable of objectively answering the questions of its 
	supporters regarding the poor performance of its MPs in improving the 
	situation in Beqaa. It has also nominated the same MPs, who are accused of 
	dereliction and corruption, for the upcoming elections – a move closer to 
	defiance. Hezbollah Secretary General Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah thus warned of 
	the election of MPs who are supported by ISIS and by those who fund the 
	organization. “If I have to visit each village (in Beqaa) to garner support 
	for Hezbollah’s electoral list, then I will,” the secretary general said. 
	This clearly shows that people in Beqaa no longer commit to the directions 
	of Hezbollah and its secretary general like they did in the past. Therefore, 
	there are fears that not all of Hezbollah’s candidates will win there, 
	unlike what has happened since 1992 and until 2009.
	Fear-mongering
	In response to objections by the Shiite community, Hezbollah has resorted to 
	tactics of intimidation and is fear mongering about an impending war with 
	ISIS, which it claims is making a comeback.
	It has also used its media outlets and social media pages to air and post 
	large amounts of reports – both real ones and fabricated ones – about an 
	imminent Israeli war against it. However, Israeli stances are the same and 
	nothing has changed. Thus, there is nothing that justifies these reports.
	To respond to citizens’ questions on livelihood and employment, all what 
	Hezbollah has done is intimidate people. Hezbollah Deputy Secretary-General 
	Naim Qassem has said that Hezbollah is confident about its list of 
	candidates, which he believes will win particularly in Shiite areas and that 
	the movement will also help its allies to win. This means that Hezbollah 
	wants to guarantee itself a parliamentary bloc that has a solid Shiite base 
	and MPs from different sects. Hezbollah aims to use this strong bloc to 
	confront any constitutional or legal issues that may threaten its strategic 
	and military role.
	Undemocratic practices
	However, this does not mean that Hezbollah takes the constitutional process 
	seriously. In 2009, when the March 14 coalition won the majority of 
	parliamentary seats, Hezbollah negated this victory, thanks to the power of 
	its arms, and shifted the parliamentarian majority in its favor. Hezbollah 
	even succeeded in toppling the cabinet of Saad Hariri, the leader of the 
	March 14 bloc, and replaced him with Najib Mikati. Hezbollah’s arms are thus 
	enough to alter constitutional formulas in its favor. At the same time, 
	Hezbollah is greatly interested in the parliamentary elections. It helped 
	prepare the new electoral law and followed through with the process until it 
	was approved. It has struck alliances and now awaits the holding of 
	elections because it wants to show everyone that it still enjoys popular 
	support. Parliamentary elections, despite all their defects – especially 
	amid Hezbollah’s power of arms and ability to forge results in some 
	electoral districts that are under the party’s control like the case is in 
	Beqaa and the south – reflect the people’s political opinions and how they 
	have changed especially within Hezbollah’s strongholds.
	Hezbollah is using all its might to fix electoral lists – not only its own 
	but also its rivals! It’s using its political, financial and security 
	influence to divide its rivals’ lists and politically infiltrate them.
	Driving wedge in opposition
	According to some sources, Hezbollah has to some extent succeeded in 
	deepening the rift between Lebanese Forces and the Future Movement in 
	Baalbeck, thus confusing the latter parties’ supposed allies in the Shiite 
	community. This rift has also contributed in reviving Hezbollah’s hopes that 
	its electoral lists will not be significantly infiltrated. An activist who 
	is working on forming an electoral list that opposes Hezbollah and that 
	includes all the parties which have been victimized by it has said: “In 
	addition to managing its own electoral lists, it’s also managing its 
	rivals,” hinting that it’s not unlikely that Hezbollah has struck a deal 
	with other parties “to prevent its parliamentary infiltration in the 
	Northern Beqaa.” In exchange, Hezbollah will owe the other party a political 
	favor.The activist also claims that Hezbollah can go to any length to avoid 
	embarrassment in the upcoming elections. Many of those who have a share in 
	governance with it are willing to sell their prospects of victory for a 
	cheap price by attempting to divide parties that oppose Hezbollah or weaken 
	these parties’ via multiple electoral lists in several districts, 
	particularly in northern Beqaa. This is the prospect Hezbollah is banking on 
	ahead of the scheduled elections!
	
	Hariri and Rifi in Electoral War of Words
	Naharnet/March 25/18/Prime Minister Saad Hariri and 
	ex-minister Ashraf Rifi traded tirades Sunday in connection with the heated 
	electoral battle in the northern city of Tripoli. "Talking about disloyalty, 
	we cannot forget the world champion who is writing reports against us and 
	accusing us of treason and in the end he says that he is fighting Hizbullah," 
	Hariri said at a Tripoli rally to announce al-Mustaqbal Movement's 
	candidates for the Tripoli-Minieh-Dinniyeh district. "We, al-Mustaqbal 
	Movement, have lists in almost all of Lebanon against Hizbullah, from Shebaa 
	to Sidon, from North Bekaa to West Bekaa, and from Zahle to Beirut and the 
	North. We have candidates who are in direct confrontation with candidates 
	from Hizbullah and lists supported by Hizbullah," Hariri said. "If you are 
	against Hizbullah, why are all your lists confronting the lists of the al-Mustaqbal 
	Movement?" Hariri added, addressing Rifi without naming him.
	"If I am confronting Hizbullah, Hizbullah is attacking me, and you have 
	nothing else to do except attacking me, what does this mean?" the premier 
	went on to say. Rifi was quick to hit back via Twitter. "I call on PM Hariri 
	to honor his stances by resigning from Hizbullah's government, removing the 
	Syrian regime's cronies from his lists and turning his electoral rhetoric in 
	Tripoli and Akkar into a political rhetoric against Hizbullah's project in 
	Beirut," Rifi said."Loyalty to individuals is slavery and clientelism, 
	seeing as they are humans who err and succeed," Rifi added. "We are the 
	loyal ones who are free in our loyalty to our approach, beliefs and the 
	cause of the martyrs, whereas those who have surrendered to the mini-state 
	(of Hizbullah) do not have the right to call on others to also surrender," 
	the former minister emhpasized.
	
	Hussein al-Husseini Withdraws from Electoral Race
	Naharnet/March 25/18/Former parliament speaker Hussein al-Husseini on Sunday 
	announced his withdrawal from the electoral race in the Baalbek-Hermel 
	district. Slamming the new electoral law as “deformed proportional 
	representation,” Husseini said in a statement lamented that “money, arms, 
	mouthpieces, sectarian incitement, foreign meddling and the abuse of power 
	will be used” in the electoral process. “This is not a parliamentary vote 
	but rather a call for legitimizing the representation of the de facto 
	rulers,” the ex-Speaker warned. “The confrontation should now be through 
	implementing the constitution and liberating the Lebanese from political and 
	sectarian hegemonies... and consequently establishing a civil political 
	system based on freedom, equality and independence,” Husseini went on to 
	say.
	
	Hariri Meets Islamist Prisoners' Families, Urges Beirut 
	Voter Turnout
	Naharnet/March 25/18/Prime Minister Saad Hariri met Sunday 
	afternoon with families of Islamist prisoners at the Quality Inn Hotel in 
	Tripoli, his office said. The families have been staging protests for 
	several weeks, demanding a “general amnesty” for their sons ahead of the 
	parliamentary elections. Lebanese authorities have rounded up hundreds of 
	Sunni Islamists over the last years, including some involved in bombings 
	against civilians and deadly clashes with the Lebanese Army. They also 
	include extremists believed to belong to al-Qaida-linked groups and the 
	Islamic State group. A lot of Islamist prisoners and their families have 
	decried delay in judicial procedures and trials. Some prisoners are held for 
	several years without trial or conviction. Earlier in the day, Hariri 
	attended a breakfast at the Manara Palace Cafe in Beirut, in the presence of 
	ex-MP Mohammed al-Amin Itani, Mustaqbal Movement candidates for the Beirut 
	district, and a number of Beiruti dignitaries and families. “Today Beirut is 
	angry, because some are trying to put their hands on it,” Hariri said. “This 
	time we cannot stay home and say that the list would win anyway. In these 
	elections, the more the voter turnout rises, the more the chances of the 
	rival lists will diminish,” the premier noted.
	
	Khalil Says Electoral Rivals Want to 'Weaken 
	Resistance'
	Naharnet/March 25/18/Finance Minister Ali Hassan Khalil on Sunday noted that 
	some parties are seeking to win seats in the strongholds of Hizbullah and 
	the AMAL Movement in order to “weaken the resistance.”“The sons of this 
	region are clinging to the 'diamond army-people-resistance equation,'” 
	Khalil said during an electoral meeting in the South. He urged all parties 
	to “be clear in dealing with the issue of the defense strategy and how we 
	can protect Lebanon from the threats of both the Israeli and the takfiri 
	enemies.”“We know that some want to downsize us and our role in parliament 
	and government... Some want to clinch seats from our lists, specifically in 
	the region, in order to weaken us and affect the role of the resistance,” 
	the minister added.
	
	Jabbour Says Shiite Opposition to Take on Hizbullah in 
	Baalbek-Hermel
	Naharnet/March 25/18/Votes for opposition Shiite candidates in the Baalbek-Hermel 
	district will mainly come from Shiite voters and not from the Lebanese 
	Forces or al-Mustaqbal Movement, LF spokesman Charles Jabbour has said. 
	“With the new electoral law and amid relatively balanced demographics in the 
	Baalbek-Hermel region, we have the ability to engage in a clear battle,” 
	Jabbour said in remarks to Kuwait's al-Seyassah newspaper published Sunday. 
	This requires “an alliance between three main components – the Christian 
	component which predominantly supports the LF, the Sunni component which is 
	predominantly close to al-Mustaqbal Movement, and the Shiite component which 
	is against the partisan Shiite duo (Hizbullah and AMAL Movement),” Jabbour 
	added. “The importance of this component is that, for several 
	considerations, it has the courage to confront the partisan Shiite duo,” the 
	LF spokesman explained. He noted that “not only there is a real chance to 
	win a Maronite, a Greek Catholic or a Sunni seat, but also to win a Shiite 
	seat.”“Hizbullah had announced that it is seeking to win 27 out of 27 Shiite 
	seats, so any rival win at the Shiite level will create a new Shiite 
	dynamism which will begin in Baalbek-Hermel and extend to all Shiite 
	districts in future electoral rounds,” Jabbour added. He pointed out that 
	“Hizbullah is trying to avoid this, because any rival Shiite win will not be 
	achieved by Sunni, Christian or Druze voters but certainly by Shiite 
	voters.” “The Baalbek-Hermel battle has an exceptional sovereign nature, and 
	that's why the LF had insisted from the very first moment not to ally with 
	the Free Patriotic Movement in this district..., seeing as the FPM cannot 
	confront Hizbullah in such a fierce battle in this district,” Jabbour added.
	
	 
	
	Hariri announces Tripoli Electoral List: Our project is to 
	protect the country and the North with deeds not words, with moderation not 
	extremism, with wisdom not fake wars.
	Sun 25 Mar 2018 /NNA - Prime Minister Saad 
	Hariri patronized Sunday the Future Movement's ceremony in Tripoli to 
	announce the "Future is for the North" electoral list. In his delivered 
	speech addressing the large crowd of supporters, Hariri said: "Do you know 
	what the best thing in these elections is? It is to stand here in the heart 
	of the golden triangle called, Tripoli-Minnieh-Denniye! Yes it is a golden 
	triangle, because you are the gold that cannot be bought with the world's 
	money. Because the loyalty in your hearts, minds and consciences, the 
	loyalty to the Future Movement, to Saad Hariri and to Martyr Prime Minister 
	Rafic Hariri is the gold that detects the fake tin others think they can 
	sell! Here, Rafic Hariri knew that he has support and that nothing in the 
	world can break his dignity, his project, his faith in his religion, in his 
	environment, in his Arabism and in his moderation. He believed in you and in 
	your loyalty, you the people of Tripoli, Minnieh and Denniye. 
	Talking about loyalty, I have to start by saluting the loyal friend Mohammed 
	Safadi for his stance in these elections, though we would have liked him to 
	be on the North list, your list "the Future is for the North" that we came 
	here to announce.
	I pay tribute to Mohammed Safadi, who publicly disowned the zero percent 
	government, which not only did nothing for Tripoli, but also disrupted the 
	projects that were ready and that we are bringing back to implement! They 
	are trying to give the impression that the Future Movement is a stranger to 
	Tripoli. As if we do not know that the people of Tripoli, Minnieh and 
	Denniye gave a permanent residency to Rafic Hariri, his sacrifices and his 
	love in the hearts of each and every one of you. As if Saad Hariri does not 
	recognize, in every moment and decision he takes, the favor of the people of 
	Tripoli, Minnieh and Denniye towards the Future Movement and the school of 
	Martyr Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. 
	This manner of talk may be normal in the election season because they forgot 
	how their whole political and nonpolitical presence started. Maybe they 
	forgot how the government was formed in 2005 and who named the Prime 
	Minister. Maybe they forgot how the list was made in 2009 and who announced 
	the list. They said that Tripoli rejects tutelage on its decision. First, I 
	will not discuss the issue of tutelage with them because they are experts on 
	it, partners in it and representatives of it. Did you recognize who I am 
	referring to or do I need to tell you the first letter of his name? 
	Yesterday I said in Akkar that there are lists for Bashar and Hezbollah 
	being prepared in the North and outside. It seems they are longing for the 
	tutelage era and for the time where the decision of Tripoli and the North 
	was handed to the "Moumanaa" groups.
	Let them all know, those on the lists of Bashar and Hezbollah, directly or 
	indirectly: the era where they could control the decision of Tripoli will 
	not return! The era of discord will not return and the era where they use 
	intelligence services and weapons to impose their power will not return! 
	They are telling you in the election season: Tripoli refuses tutelage from 
	outside. Ok, but what about Minnieh and Denniye, do they also refuse the 
	tutelage? Today I am here to ask for the guardianship of Tripoli, Minnieh 
	and Denniye over me. I am here to ask for your guardianship over your list, 
	"The Future is for the North" through your votes. I, Saad Rafic Hariri, am 
	not a guardian over Tripoli, Minnieh and Denniye. But each and every one of 
	you is a guardian over me. You know what? The best thing about lying is that 
	it allows you to see honesty. The best thing about treason is that it makes 
	you see altruism and the best thing about disloyalty is that it makes you 
	see loyalty. 
	Talking about disloyalty, we cannot forget the world champion who is writing 
	reports against us and accusing us of treason and in the end he says that he 
	is fighting Hezbollah. 
	We, the Future Movement, have lists in almost all of Lebanon against 
	Hezbollah, from Shebaa to Sidon, North Bekaa, West Bekaa, Zahle, Beirut and 
	the North. We have candidates who are in direct confrontation with 
	candidates from Hezbollah and lists supported by Hezbollah. If you are 
	against Hezbollah, why are all your lists confronting the lists of the 
	Future Movement and specifically the candidates of the Future Movement? If I 
	am confronting Hezbollah and Hezbollah is attacking me, and you have nothing 
	else to do except attacking me, what does this mean? If you know, it is a 
	disaster, and if not, the disaster is greater! 
	Anyway, this region will say its word on May 6 and it will be the real 
	response to the voices that you recognized. The word of the Future Movement 
	is the word of Tripoli, Minnieh and Denniye, from the national, 
	developmental and social perspective.
	Our project is to protect the country and the North with deeds and not 
	words, with moderation and not extremism, with strong stance and wisdom and 
	not with fake wars, and with honesty with the people and not by buying their 
	friendship.
	God bless the soul of Rafic Hariri who used to say: The most important thing 
	is honesty...On May 6, we will all say the word of honesty and loyalty! It 
	is not us who were in the Prime Ministry and watched 20 rounds of fighting 
	in Tripoli without doing anything! As soon as Tamam Salam became Prime 
	Minister, we ensured a political cover for the army and the internal 
	security forces to impose stability in Tripoli and ensure the safety of our 
	people in Tripoli. We did not bargain over detainees. When we assumed the 
	Prime Ministry, we started working on an amnesty law and you saw that its 
	draft is ready. We did not disrupt the projects in the region. We launched 
	projects worth tens of millions of dollars in the infrastructure of Minnieh, 
	Denniye and Tripoli and you are seeing them. Because ensuring employment for 
	young men and women in Tripoli, Minnieh and Denniye is our main goal, the 
	North's share of the national project is $3 billion. This amount is for 
	electricity, sewage, water, communication, waste and tourism in the North. 
	Three billions, and each billion will generate tens of thousands of new job 
	opportunities. This is a reality and not just talk. 
	But this project, the project of stability, economic progress and 
	development in the North and all over Lebanon needs something more important 
	than financing. It needs your votes. The vote of each and every one of you. 
	On May 6 you will decide if this project will continue or not and I am sure 
	of your answer, in advance. A war was launched against us, against Saad 
	Hariri and the Future Movement. It was not against those who blab because no 
	one cares about them whether in Lebanon or outside Lebanon. We are the real 
	nerve in confrontation, challenge and national balance. 
	We are the ones who change the equation, ensure that nothing comes before 
	legitimacy and the state, and that strengthening the army and the security 
	forces to disrupt the project against the state is one million times better 
	than forming a militia and establishing confrontation lines in Tripoli, 
	Beirut, Sidon and other areas. We changed the equation and pushed everyone 
	to recognize that protecting Lebanon would be by stopping the interference 
	in the Arab affairs and preventing the Syrian fire from moving to our 
	country. We changed the equation and said that the Sunnis in Lebanon are not 
	weak and that their role in the national equation is stronger than any 
	weapon and the policies of Moumanaa. We are the first defense line of the 
	dignity of Sunnis because their dignity is the dignity of Lebanon. Lebanon's 
	dignity, stability, moderation and Arabism are Rafic Hariri's legacy to all 
	of us, particularly the people of Tripoli, Minnieh, Denniye and all of the 
	North.  The stability, security, development, dignity, Arabism and 
	moderation of the North is the trust that your list is carrying in these 
	elections. Before announcing the names of members of the list, I want to 
	salute and thank my colleague Ahmad Fatfat and pray for the soul of the late 
	Badr Wanous. Now the members of your list, "The Future is for the North" 
	are: 
	-Tripoli: Mohammed Kabbara, Samir Jisr, Georges Bkassini, Dima Jamali, Nehme 
	Mahfoud, Walid Sawalhi, Laila Shahoud, and Shadi Nashabi; 
	-Minnieh: Uthman Alameddine;
	-Denniye: Kassem Abdulaziz and Sami Fatfat. 
	This is your list. This is your decision and your date with truth is on May 
	6, to keep the 'Future for the North' and for Lebanon," Hariri concluded.
	
	Hariri from Manara: Beirut angry at certain attempts to 
	take control of its decision
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Prime Minister Saad Hariri indicated Sunday that the 
	city of Beirut is angered today by certain attempts to take hold of its 
	decision.  Speaking during a brunch held at "Palace Café" in Manara 
	this morning, in presence of Future Movement's Beirut electoral candidates 
	and supporters, Hariri said "his journey with the people of Beirut is long, 
	similar to the case of Martyr Prime Minister Rafic Hariri." "There are 
	sacrifices that we must make for the country's benefit, and we must be 
	patient because Lebanon's rise is based solely on dialogue," he added. The 
	Prime Minister urged the people of Beirut to vote heavily in the upcoming 
	parliamentary elections, saying, "The higher the number of voters, the lower 
	the chances of other lists winning." "This is a path that we will complete 
	together, God willing, and we have to increase our efforts in these 
	elections. We have to work together and love each other for the benefit of 
	the Future electoral list of Beirut," Hariri concluded.
	
	Hariri visits Machnouk at his electoral office
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Prime Minister Saad Hariri visited Sunday the 
	electoral office of Interior and Municipalities Minister, Nuhad el-Machnouk, 
	at the "Lamb House" in Raouche. Speaking to a number of Beiruti families who 
	were present during the encounter, Hariri said, "I am here only to greet you 
	with good morning, and then leave you with my brother Nuhad before heading 
	to Tripoli," adding, "You are in good hands with my brother Nuhad!"Earlier, 
	Machnouk attended a brunch held in his honor by the Future Movement's 
	educational branch in Beirut. Addressing the invitees and Future supporters, 
	the Interior Minister said, "Your voices, the people of Beirut, will protect 
	the city from handing over its decision to those who have insulted it, and 
	wish to destroy its fabric by splitting up the votes and multiplying the 
	electoral lists." Machnouk called on all Beirutis to vote heavily in the 
	upcoming parliamentary elections, saying, "The attempt to sow despair in 
	your hearts is a failed plan because you trust in yourselves, in being the 
	sons of a great city." "If we do not go to the polls on May 6, then the 
	decision of Beirut will be held by those who have insulted and abused it," 
	he went on. "The electoral law puts us in the corner of fighting for 
	Beirut's decision, and whoever holds the decision of Beirut holds the bulk 
	of the country's decision," Machnouk underscored. 
	
	Hariri meets with Islamic detainees' families
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Prime Minister Saad Hariri met Sunday afternoon with 
	the families of the Islamic detainees at the Quality Inn Hotel in Tripoli.
	
	
	Jumblatt cables Macron denouncing Trebes terrorist 
	attack
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Democratic Gathering Chief, MP Walid Jumblatt, 
	condemned Sunday in a cable to French President Emmanuel Macron the 
	terrorist incident that took place in a store in the town of Trebes in 
	southwestern France, according to a statement by the Progressive Socialist 
	Party's media bureau. Jumblatt regretted the loss of French officer Arnault 
	Beltrame in the attack, praising his courageousness and dedication in 
	defending his country's security and sacrificing his life to save the 
	hostages. Jumblatt offered his sincere condolences to the late officer's 
	family and to the French people as a whole. 
	
	Arslan via Twitter: Mountain's guarantee is liberation 
	from isolation, encouraging investments
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Lebanese Democratic Party Chief, Displaced Minister 
	Talal Arslan, said Sunday via Twitter that the guarantee of the "Lebanese 
	Mountain" lies in the liberation of citizens from isolation and the 
	encouragement of investments. 
	"Our decision to name our electoral list as 'The Mountain Guarantee' came 
	with the aim of coexistence in the mountain, and liberating people from 
	isolation and exclusion," stated Arslan. The Displaced Minister indicated 
	that the list also anticipates "attracting tourism, industrial, agricultural 
	and technological investments to secure the widest possible employment 
	opportunities in the mountain, and to stabilize citizens, especially the 
	youth generation, in their land and environment, away from fanaticism and 
	sectarianism that have become a scourge on Lebanese society as a whole." "We 
	also aim to ensure the return of the displaced with dignity, and to 
	stabilize the residents and preserve their legitimate rights," he asserted. 
	"It is necessary as well to strengthen cultural, scientific, developmental, 
	economic and political dialogues, without which man cannot evolve to keep up 
	with the times we live in," Arslan concluded. 
	
	Saleh representing Berri: Elections a decisive phase
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - MP Abdel-Majid Saleh considered Sunday that "the 
	electoral phase is a very important, decisive juncture which lays the 
	foundation for the future." "In light of this phase, the white and black 
	lines will be revealed...In fact, there are certain projects and 
	preparations underway at the local and regional levels that do not meet the 
	agreement of all sides," Saleh added. Representing House Speaker Nabih Berri 
	at a memorial ceremony held in the town of al-Qalaa earlier today, Saleh 
	regretted "the decline of political discourse and the provocations launched 
	by certain sides in their electoral campaigns, which neither serve Lebanon's 
	internal national unity nor its civilized image across the world." "We at 
	Amal Movement and Hezbollah do not block the arena before anyone and our 
	alliance denotes a full national approach," Saleh emphasized. 
	
	Ezzeddine from Tyre: Our city must be ready to invest 
	in oil resources
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Minister of State for Administrative Development Inaya 
	Ezzeddine said Sunday that the city of Tyre must be ready to invest in oil 
	resources. 
	Speaking during a luncheon banquet in Tyre, South Lebanon, Ezzeddine noted 
	that "the city of Tyre must prepare to meet the challenge of discovering oil 
	resources to support investments in this area." The Minister deemed that 
	Tyre illustrated the image of Lebanon's message of coexistence between its 
	citizens through their resistance and quest for modernity and development.
	
	
	Rahi chairs Palm Sunday Mass in Bkirki
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Maronite Patriarch, Cardinal Bechara Boutros Rahi, 
	presided over Palm Sunday Mass in Bkirky in the presence of several 
	political and social personalities. The prelate said in his homily that "we 
	are determined to build our society based on peace, modesty, love and 
	tranquility." Finally, Rahi blessed the olive branches and planted the palm 
	trees in the outer courtyard of the patriarchal edifice. 
	
	Latest LCCC Bulletin For Miscellaneous Reports And News published 
	
	
	on March 25-26/18
	Keep shouting, don't 
	become anesthetized, pope tells young people
	Sun 25 Mar 2018/NNA - Pope Francis, starting Holy Week 
	services leading to Easter, urged young people on Sunday to keep shouting 
	and not allow the older generations to silence their voices or anesthetize 
	their idealism. Francis spoke a day after hundreds of thousands of young 
	Americans and their supporters answered a call to action from survivors of 
	last month's Florida high school massacre and rallied across the United 
	States to demand tighter gun laws. He did not mention the demonstrations. 
	The 81-year-old Roman Catholic leader led a long and solemn Palm Sunday 
	service before tens of thousands in St. Peter's Square, many of them young 
	people there for the Catholic Church's World Day of Youth. Carrying a woven 
	palm branch known as a "palmurello," Francis led a procession in front of 
	the largest church in Christendom to commemorate the day the Bible says 
	Jesus rode into Jerusalem and was hailed as a saviour, only to be crucified 
	five days later. Drawing on biblical parallels, Francis urged the young 
	people in the crowd not to let themselves be manipulated. "The temptation to 
	silence young people has always existed," Francis said in the homily of a 
	Mass. "There are many ways to silence young people and make them invisible. 
	Many ways to anesthetize them, to make them keep quiet, ask nothing, 
	question nothing. There are many ways to sedate them, to keep them from 
	getting involved, to make their dreams flat and dreary, petty and 
	plaintive," he said. "Dear young people, you have it in you to shout," he 
	told young people, urging them to be like the people who welcomed Jesus with 
	palms rather than those who shouted for his crucifixion only days later. "It 
	is up to you not to keep quiet. Even if others keep quiet, if we older 
	people and leaders, some corrupt, keep quiet, if the whole world keeps quiet 
	and loses its joy, I ask you: Will you cry out?"The young people in the 
	crowd shouted, "Yes!"While Francis did not mention Saturday's marches in the 
	United States, he has often condemned weapons manufacturing and mass 
	shootings. Palm Sunday marked the start of a hectic week of activities for 
	the pope. On Holy Thursday he is due to preside at two services, including 
	one in which he will wash the feet of 12 inmates in a Rome jail to 
	commemorate Jesus' gesture of humility towards his apostles the night before 
	he died. On Good Friday, he is due to lead a Via Crucis (Way of the Cross) 
	procession at Rome's Colosseum. On Saturday night he leads a Easter vigil 
	service and on Easter Sunday he delivers his twice-yearly "Urbi et Orbi" (to 
	the city and the world) message. --- Reuters
 
	Saudi Crown Prince 
	visits Boston with focus on science and innovation
	Staff writer, Al Arabiya English/Sunday, 25 March 2018/Saudi 
	Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman paid a visit to Boston that lasted several 
	hours on Saturday before heading to New York, as part of his tour of the 
	United States.
	In Boston, Prince Mohammed met with the heads of universities and Saudi 
	researchers and visited institutions developing artificial intelligence and 
	technology, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). 
	Four agreements were signed between MIT, Aramco, SABIC, the King Abdullah 
	University of Science and Technology and King Abdulaziz City for Science and 
	Technology. The signing of these scientific and technological cooperation 
	agreements took place on the sidelines of the Innovation to Impact Forum 
	held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The most prominent of 
	these agreements was a partnership between MIT and the King Abdullah 
	University of Science and Technology to collaborate on a new Saudi project 
	named "Future Destination." The partnership includes joint agreements on 
	research, student exchanges and entrepreneurship. The Saudi Crown Prince 
	also visited the Mechatronics Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of 
	Technology in addition to the IBM Watson Health center. Prince Mohammed bin 
	Salman began a three-week visit to the United States last Tuesday and met on 
	the first day with US President Donald Trump. The visit aims to strengthen 
	cooperation with the United States and seek new investment opportunities.
	
	Bahrain announces steps against ‘malicious social media 
	accounts’
	Staff writer, Al Arabiya English/Sunday, 25 March 2018/Bahrain’s interior 
	ministry has announced they are taking “tough steps” in dealing with what 
	they called “disruptive social media accounts”.Bahrain’s Interior Minister 
	Lt. Gen. Shaikh Rashid bin Abdullah Al Khalifa made the announcement on 
	Sunday targeting accounts that spread “malicious rumors that go against 
	social harmony and civil peace”, adding that “security authorities would 
	tackle any offence against national and traditional values”. According to 
	the Bahrain News Agency (BNA), the minister said that some disruptive social 
	media accounts claimed they were run by the Royal Court while it had been 
	proved they were operated through malicious websites and had no links with 
	the Royal Court or any other official organization in Bahrain. He said the 
	Royal Court was an official authority that functioned to implement the 
	directives of His Majesty the King in regard of supervising all 
	constitutional organizations in the Kingdom to ensure they followed 
	constitutional provisions in the best interests of the nation and its 
	citizens. Thus, it is above any cyber activity against the norms and 
	traditions of Bahrain whereas those accounts are destructive and not 
	constructive. He said that those accounts were monitored since they relied 
	on inaccurate information about individuals and organizations and were 
	against the interests of the internal front. He said the operators of some 
	of those accounts were identified and others would continue to be pursued. 
	“We won’t be far from tracking them down and taking legal action against 
	them even if we need to draft new legislation to tackle the latest 
	developments in such crimes with their negative effects on members of 
	society and the national fabric.”The Interior Minister said there would be a 
	follow-up and steps would be taken to make them accountable in accordance 
	with the law to stop their violations and misuse of the social media. He 
	said it was unfortunate that the social media had been turned into a place 
	to spread sedition and rumors rather than to strengthen community bonds.
	
	Ghouta civilians receive aid if they pledge allegiance 
	to Assad
	Aahd Fadel, Al Arabiya.net/Saturday, 24 March 2018/A shocking video, 
	reportedly emerging from Syria’s Ghouta, has shown an official in the Syrian 
	regime’s parliament handing out aid packages to civilians, demanding that 
	they cheer for President Bashar al-Assad and acknowledge him as their 
	leader. The video stirred outrage among many viewers. Some referred to the 
	incident as “disgusting and humiliating.”The MP, Mohammed Qaband, can be 
	seen handing out packages containing nutritional material from a 
	medium-sized transport vehicle. A Syrian regime soldier standing next to 
	Qaband was also seen asking people to cheer on Assad. The civilians had to 
	pledge their allegiance to Assad in return for aid. 
	
	US Airstrike Kills Two Qaeda 'Terrorists' in Southern 
Libya
Tripoli- Asharq Al Awsat/March 25/18/The United States forces announced killing 
“two terrorists” in an air strike in southwestern Libya on Saturday as part of 
efforts to deny militants a safe haven in the country’s vast desert. The strike 
hit on the outskirts of the city of Ubari and was carried out in coordination 
with the internationally recognized Government of National Accord in Tripoli, 
the US Africa Command said in a statement. “At this time, we assess no civilians 
were killed in this strike,” the statement said. A house in the Fursan 
neighborhood was hit and two bodies were found there, a witness in Ubari told 
Reuters. Residents from the neighborhood said the house was frequented by 
foreigners, according to the witness, who did not want to be identified for 
security reasons. US forces have carried out occasional air strikes targeting 
militants in Libya over the past few years. They also launched an air campaign 
against ISIS in the terror group’s former Libyan stronghold of Sirte in 2016, as 
local forces battled to oust armed extremists from the city. Last year, the US 
said it had killed dozens of suspects in airstrikes in desert areas south of 
Sirte as it tried to stop militants regrouping. Libyan and Western officials 
have long warned about the risk of militants linked to ISIS and al-Qaeda using 
southern Libya as a base. Competing factions in Libya have fought for influence 
in the country’s south, where the Libyan National Army (LNA), which is aligned 
with the eastern-based government, recently stepped up military activity. Public 
violence has also flared in recent weeks in Sabha, about 170 km northeast of 
Ubari, displacing hundreds of families. On Saturday, LNA jets carried out 
strikes targeting mercenary forces southeast of Sabha, air force commander 
Mohamed Manfour said.
US Weighs Recommendation to Expel Russian Diplomats
Asharq Al Awsat/March 25/18/The White House is considering the expulsion of 20 
or more Russian diplomats in solidarity with Britain to enhance the special 
relations that unite both countries, based on a recommendation from the National 
Security Council. President Donald Trump is considering executing this option 
soon following the dispute between UK and Russia in response to the poisoning of 
a former Russian double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter in England, 
according to sources in White House. The UK accused Russia of poisoning Skripal 
and indicated that Russian President Vladimir Putin is responsible for the 
attempt. London ordered 23 Russian diplomats back to Moscow last week after the 
country concluded that Russia was responsible for the poisonings. It is believed 
that the US had been waiting to see what members of the European Council would 
do, a source with knowledge of the discussions told CNN. On Friday, 10 European 
countries announced they would follow the United Kingdom's lead by also 
expelling Russian diplomats. Meanwhile, Russian spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied 
rumors that Skripal had sent a letter to Putin asking him to be allowed to 
return to Russia. Skripal's friend, Vladimir Timoshkov told the BBC that the 
former Russian intelligence officer, who came to Britain in 2010 as part of a 
spy swap, regretted being a double agent and wanted to visit his family. 
Timoshkov said Skripal had called him from London in 2012 and told him he had 
written to Vladimir Putin asking to be fully pardoned and to be allowed to visit 
Russia where his mother, brother and other relatives lived. The Russian Embassy 
in the UK tweeted on its official account denying the letter saying: "There was 
no letter from Sergei Skripal to President Putin to allow him to come back to 
Russia." Skripal, 66, and his daughter, 33-year-old Yulia, are still in coma 
after they were poisoned in the English cathedral city of Salisbury on March 4. 
The Russian ambassador to the UK Alexander Yakovenko sent a letter to police 
officer Nick Bailey, who was poisoned in the Sergey Skripal incident. He thanked 
the officer for being the first to respond and assured him Moscow wasn’t behind 
the poisoning. The Ambassador told Bailey that he was relieved to learn that the 
officer was feeling well enough to be discharged from hospital and reunited with 
his loved ones.“I wish you a full recovery and hope that you will be able to 
return to your normal life as soon as possible,” the letter read. Yakovenko also 
expressed “sincere gratitude” to Bailey for his bravery while “reacting to the 
assault on two Russian nationals, Sergey and Yulia Skripal who I hope will get 
well soon too.”"Please be assured that Russia has nothing to do with this 
reckless incident and is ready to cooperate with the British authorities with 
regard to the investigation both bilaterally and through international 
organizations," it added. According to media reports, Detective Sergeant Bailey 
was one of the first who tended to Sergei and Yulia when they were found 
unconscious on a bench in Salisbury so he was also exposed to a toxic agent and 
had to be taken to the hospital. 
Hamas to Accuse PA Parties of Involvement in PM Assassination Attempt
Ramallah- Kifah Zboun/Asharq Al Awsat/March 25/18/Recently surfacing signs 
suggest that Gaza Strip’s ruling party Hamas is moving towards accusing the 
Palestinian Authority and its affiliates of involvement in the assassination 
attempt on the life of Prime Minister Rami al-Hamdallah. Head of General 
Intelligence Majid Faraj in the Gaza Strip is among those thought by Hamas to 
have been involved. Despite Hamas’ inclination to point fingers towards the PA, 
there exists evidence tying the attempt to extremist militias. Hamas officials 
said they were preparing to accuse specific parties in Ramallah within a few 
days of announcing the end of the probe into the assassination attempt, which 
deepened Palestinian divisions. The PA, in turn, blamed Hamas for the 
assassination attempt. “PA officials insistence on stepping up their accusations 
against Hamas and their refusal to wait for the results of the investigation 
reflect a real crisis due to the exposure of crime details confirming their 
direct involvement,” Hamas Spokesman Fawzi Barhoum said. Barhoum's statement is 
not surprising in light of hints that Hamas leaders have resorted to blaming 
external parties since news of the assassination attempt first broke out. They 
spoke of a “play” to “disavow reconciliation” or “try to polish an alternative 
leadership.” But Barhoum’s statement is the first direct and explicit suggestion 
of PA's direct involvement. His accusations came at a time when Hamas confirmed 
that the coming days would reveal “the true beneficiaries of the attack 
targeting the convoy of Prime Minister Rami al-Hamdallah." “The beneficiaries of 
the bombing seek to torpedo reconciliation and strike security in Gaza,” he 
said. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas accused Hamas of being behind the 
attempted assassination of Hamdallah and Faraj and vowed to take "national, 
legal and financial measures" against the Gaza Strip. Abbas also attacked Hamas 
in an unprecedented manner, directing “big and small” threats.
‘Aleppo’s Artery’: A Route Paved with Death, A Money Well for Pro-Regime 
Militias
Aleppo- /Asharq Al Awsat/March 25/18/In 2014, Syria’s regime managed opening up 
a new off-road gateway into Aleppo city. Damascus loyalists then dubbed the 
route, “Aleppo artery,” after opposition factions had cut off the 
Aleppo-Damascus main road. The new route plays a major role in exacting regime 
influence, being a rich resource for regime forces and militias that allows them 
to collect "royalties" and ransom money. Far from being a lively artery, the 
route ironically is paved with life-threatening risks. Starting off from 
Damascus, the route connects to Homs, then Hama through the villages of Idlib, 
leading up to Aleppo. The original main route runs about 400 km long, but the 
newly opened road goes up to 600 km. Although the distance between Damascus and 
the center of Homs is smooth for by-passers, there is a state of great terror in 
the hearts of travelers approaching the peaceful countryside east of the city of 
Aleppo. Fear spikes even more in the countryside when approaching the area 
between Sheikh Hilal and Ithriyah. During the Syrian Civil War, Ithriyah became 
a strategically important point. It lays on the last highway under government 
control connecting the city of Aleppo to Khanasir and the Salamiyah region. It 
is an arid desert, with cars that are destroyed by battles and arbitrary 
checkpoints installed, often run by local combatants loyal to the regime. 
Collecting tariffs, checkpoints need to gather a regime-imposed sum of money 
before allowing vehicles inside. In areas where checkpoints exist, vehicles move 
at remarkable speeds attempting to escape paying fees and surpass pro-regime 
militias. “None can escape standing at these checkpoints because vehicles 
operated by militias are modern and can tackle high-speed chases and intercept 
escapees,” a local told Asharq Al-Awsat. More so, in case of an attempted 
evasion of the checkpoint, the driver will be paying a doubled royalty. Not only 
will those attempting to avoid paying up the militias need to do so in double, 
but will also do so after receiving various kinds of insults, hours in 
detention, and some extent of physical brutality. After bypassers pay their 
dues, they are then allowed a safe crossing into Aleppo and its outer skirts, 
local residents told Asharq Al-Awsat. “As darkness fell, cars driving through 
the area are less due to frequent kidnaps, aimed at collecting ransom took 
place,” one resident said. Speaking under the condition of anonymity, the 
resident explained that the militia-infested route is described by most people 
as a "no return" route.
	
	Israel PM Eyes Mumbai 
	Flights after Saudi Opens Airspace
	Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 25/18/Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin 
	Netanyahu said Sunday he hopes to slash flight times between Tel Aviv and 
	India's financial capital Mumbai, days after Air India ran the first 
	scheduled Israel-bound service to cross Saudi airspace. The flight from New 
	Delhi landed at Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion airport on Thursday in a sign of a 
	discreet warming of ties between the Arab kingdom and the Jewish state. 
	"What we have done here is a breakthrough to huge new markets and this is a 
	very big change," Netanyahu told the weekly cabinet meeting on Sunday. "The 
	goal that I hope to reach is that the next flight or flights will also 
	include direct flights from Tel Aviv to Mumbai in five hours," his office 
	quoted him as saying in Hebrew. Israeli national carrier El Al's current 
	Mumbai service doglegs over the Red Sea to avoid flying over Saudi Arabia or 
	Iran, in a journey taking around eight hours. Air India plans to run three 
	flights a week in each direction after Saudi Arabia lifted a decades-old ban 
	on the use of its airspace for commercial flights to Israel. Saudi Arabia, 
	like much of the Arab world, has no official diplomatic relations with 
	Israel. Egypt and Jordan are the only two Arab countries to have peace 
	treaties with the country.During a May 2017 Middle East tour, U.S. President 
	Donald Trump flew from Riyadh to Tel Aviv on Air Force One in a rare direct 
	flight between the two countries. Sunni-ruled Saudi Arabia and Israel have a 
	common enemy in Shiite-dominated Iran. Both are seeking to limit what they 
	view as the Islamic Republic's expanding influence in the Middle East.
	
	German Police Arrest ex-Catalan Leader Puigdemont
	Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 25/18/German police on Sunday arrested 
	Catalonia's former president Carles Puigdemont as he crossed over by car 
	from Denmark. Puigdemont "was arrested today at 11:19 am by 
	Schleswig-Holstein's highway patrol force," a German police spokesman told 
	AFP, adding that the detention was based on a European warrant. "He is now 
	in police custody," added the spokesman. Puigdemont's party spokeswoman Anna 
	Grabalosa also separately confirmed that he was detained on arrival in 
	Germany from Denmark. "It happened as he crossed the Danish-German border. 
	He was treated well and all his lawyers are there. That is all I can say," 
	she said. Puigdemont is wanted by Spain on charges of "rebellion" and 
	"sedition", over his independence bid for Catalan. He had been visiting 
	Finland since Thursday, but slipped out of the Nordic country before Finnish 
	police could detain him. Puigdemont's lawyer Jaume Alonso-Cuevillas, said on 
	Twitter that Puigdemont was picked up by German police as he was traveling 
	back to Belgium where he has been living in self-imposed exile.
	
	Tearful Syrians in Rebel Enclave Begin New Evacuation
	Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 25/18/Weeping Syrians boarded buses to 
	leave a ravaged pocket of Eastern Ghouta on Sunday, in a new wave of 
	evacuations to clear another part of the former rebel bastion. Five weeks 
	since the Syrian regime launched an all-out assault on Ghouta, it holds more 
	than 90 percent of the onetime opposition stronghold on the edge of 
	Damascus. To help it capture the rest, key government backer Russia has 
	mediated talks with various rebel groups to negotiate withdrawals from the 
	three remaining pockets. One area was emptied under such a deal in recent 
	days and evacuations began late Saturday for a second part, held by the 
	Islamist Faylaq al-Rahman rebel faction. That agreement is set to see some 
	7,000 rebels and civilians bused from the towns of Arbin and Zamalka and the 
	district of Jobar to the rebel-dominated province of Idlib in northwestern 
	Syria. After hours of delay, around 980 of them quit Ghouta on Saturday 
	night aboard 17 buses and several ambulances. They arrived in part of Hama 
	province near the border with Idlib on Sunday morning. Fresh evacuations 
	were expected on Sunday. Devastated Syrian civilians and rebel fighters 
	dressed in black gathered in the early morning in the main streets of Arbin, 
	AFP's correspondent there said. They carried duffel bags and dragged 
	suitcases stuffed to the brim as they shuffled past ruined buildings. By 
	mid-morning, around 20 empty buses and ambulances had entered the town, 
	parking at a large roundabout. Fighters and civilians began to board, 
	bidding tearful goodbyes to their home towns before they headed to 
	opposition territory further north. 
	Destroyed my future
	Hamza Abbas, an opposition activist in the nearby town of Zamalka, told AFP 
	he was planning to board the buses too. "People are very sad about leaving 
	their homes, their land, their childhood memories and the place where they 
	spent the best days of their childhood," he said. "They have no money, no 
	houses, no furniture or even clothes to take with them because of this 
	bombardment." As part of Faylaq al-Rahman's deal with Moscow, residents had 
	been offered the option to stay in Zamalka and Arbin as the area fell under 
	regime control. But Abbas said he would not. "I decided to leave Ghouta 
	because how am I supposed to live alongside someone who killed my family, my 
	siblings, my friends? With someone who destroyed me, my life, and my 
	future?" Since it began on February 18, the Ghouta assault has left more 
	than 1,600 civilians dead and thousands more wounded, according to the 
	Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Even before the onslaught, the 
	enclave's 400,000 residents had suffered for half a decade under a crippling 
	regime siege that severely limited their access to food, medicine and other 
	basic goods. The Syrian government has used siege tactics followed by heavy 
	bombardment and negotiated settlements to recapture swathes territory it had 
	lost to rebels. Damascus and Moscow have applied this "leave or die" 
	strategy to Ghouta as well, smashing the enclave into three isolated pockets 
	before seeking separate evacuation deals for each one. Under the first 
	Russian-brokered deal in the region, hardline Islamist group Ahrar al-Sham 
	agreed to quit the town of Harasta. More than 4,500 people, including over 
	1,400 fighters, left Harasta for Idlib over the course of Thursday and 
	Friday. Talks are also underway for a deal over the third and final pocket 
	of Ghouta, held by Jaish al-Islam, which includes the region's largest town, 
	Douma.
	Buses arrive in Hama 
	The second agreement, reached with Faylaq al-Rahman on Friday, provides for 
	evacuations as well as medical treatment for wounded civilians and fighters 
	and the release of rebel-held detainees. People began leaving Faylaq-controlled 
	territory in Ghouta late on Saturday night. Armed, masked Russian military 
	personnel boarded each bus as it left Ghouta on Saturday night, according to 
	an AFP correspondent.  They drove all night to Qalaat al-Madiq, a 
	crossing point into rebel-held territory that is frequently used in such 
	agreements. Another AFP correspondent in the town, in the central Syrian 
	province of Hama, saw 17 buses and ambulances arrive on Sunday morning 
	carrying the first wave of evacuees. From there, they are expected to head 
	towards Idlib, the last Syrian province that remains mostly under rebel 
	control. Tens of thousands of people bused out of opposition territory have 
	been brought to Idlib in recent years under "reconciliation" deals like 
	those negotiated in Ghouta. The population there has swelled with rebels, 
	jihadists and civilians.  Syria's conflict erupted in March 2011 with 
	anti-government protests, but has since evolved into a complex and 
	devastating civil war.
	
	Israeli Warplanes Hit Hamas in Gaza
	Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 25/18/Israeli jets pounded Hamas 
	positions in Gaza overnight after Palestinians staged a cross-border raid 
	into southern Israel, the military said early Sunday. "Israel Air Force 
	fighter jets targeted a terror target in a military compound belonging to 
	the Hamas terror organization in Rafah, southern Gaza Strip," it said in an 
	English-language statement. A Palestinian security source in the coastal 
	enclave said the planes hit a base of Hamas' armed wing, the Ezzedine al-Qassam 
	Brigades, causing damage but no injuries. The strike on the Strip's Islamist 
	rulers came after four Palestinians "carrying bottles filled with flammable 
	material" breached Gaza's border fence on Saturday evening near the kibbutz 
	of Kissufim, Israeli daily Haaretz reported, citing the army. There, they 
	attempted to torch heavy equipment used for work on the frontier barrier, an 
	army spokeswoman told AFP. The machinery was damaged but did not catch fire, 
	and the attackers fled back into Gaza, she said. No casualties were 
	reported. cident that took place yesterday is one of many severe incidents 
	that have taken place in the security fence area," the statement said. 
	Israel holds Hamas, which rules Gaza, accountable for all attacks launched 
	from the blockaded coastal territory. Last month there was a surge in 
	cross-border violence, seen as among the most serious since Israel and Hamas 
	fought a war in 2014 -- their third since 2008.After a bomb wounded four 
	Israeli soldiers inspecting the border fence on February 17, Israel 
	responded by pounding 18 Hamas facilities in two waves of air strikes. 
	Israeli ground forces also killed two Palestinian teenagers in cross-border 
	fire.Last Sunday, Israel said it had carried out air strikes against an 
	underground Hamas facility in the Gaza Strip. It said its ground forces had 
	also destroyed a partly-built tunnel that could have been used for attacks 
	on Israel.
	
	Nigerian Town Awaits Release of Christian Girl Held by 
	Boko Haram
	Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 25/18/Residents of the Nigerian town of 
	Dapchi were hoping for the release of the last schoolgirl kidnapped by Boko 
	Haram, following encouraging indications from the authorities after the 
	militants returned more than 100 youngsters they had seized. Her released 
	schoolmates said the girl, Leah Sharibu, is a Christian who remained in 
	captivity because she refused to convert to Islam. "There is so much 
	expectation in the town following the news that the last remaining girl will 
	be released," Kachalla Bukar, father of one of the schoolgirls recently 
	freed, told AFP late Saturday by phone from the town in the northeastern 
	state of Yobe. "We were told she was on her way but she has not yet been 
	brought," said Kachalla, who is the spokesman of the abducted schoolgirls' 
	parents union. The authorities had asked shopkeepers to close Saturday 
	afternoon in anticipation of her arrival. National police chief Ibrahim 
	Idris told reporters Saturday in Maiduguri, capital of neighboring Borno 
	State, the girl "may be released today". Idris said he canceled a visit to 
	Dapchi to avoid any "security hitch" in the town before Leah's arrival, 
	without providing further details. In all, 105 of the 111 schoolgirls 
	abducted on February 19 from their boarding school in Dapchi were released 
	on Wednesday, raising questions about possible ransom payments. They were 
	brought back by members of Boko Haram in nine trucks and dropped by the 
	school.
	'High spirits' 
	According to witnesses contacted by AFP, the girls were held on an island on 
	Lake Chad, which is a known stronghold for fighters loyal to Boko Haram 
	factional leader Abu Mus'ab al-Barnawi. Five of the girls died in captivity, 
	according to their colleagues.On Saturday, soldiers deployed in Dapchi 
	disappeared from the town's checkpoints, raising hopes for Leah's imminent 
	release. "We believe the news of the girl's release is true because the body 
	language of the security personnel, police and military, indicates the girl 
	is on her way home," said resident Tijjani Goni. "The town is in high 
	spirits and full of anticipation," Goni said. "The sudden withdrawal of 
	soldiers from checkpoints is a clear sign the girl is coming," said fellow 
	Dapchi resident Sanda Masida. President Muhammadu Buhari vowed on Twitter to 
	do "everything in our power to bring Leah back safely." The Dapchi 
	kidnapping revived painful memories in Nigeria of the April 2014 abduction 
	of over 200 schoolgirls from Chibok, a town also in the northeast, which 
	caused global outrage. While some of the Chibok girls have been freed in 
	exchange for ransom and the release of top Boko Haram commanders, a total of 
	112 remain in captivity. Boko Haram has repeatedly targeted schools giving a 
	so-called Western education in the mainly-Muslim region as part of an 
	insurgency that has killed at least 20,000 people and displaced more than 
	2.6 million since 2009. While a 2015 offensive launched by Buhari 
	successfully reclaimed swathes of territory back from the jihadists in 
	Nigeria, the group still stages deadly attacks on both military targets and 
	civilians.
	
	Latest LCCC Bulletin analysis & editorials from 
	miscellaneous sources published on March 25-26/18
	Use Your Brain: Artificial Intelligence 
	Isn't Close to Replacing It
	Leonid Bershidsky/Bloomberg/March 25/18 
	Nectome promises to preserve the brains of terminally ill people in order to 
	turn them into computer simulations -- at some point in the future when such 
	a thing is possible. It's a startup that's easy to mock. 1 Just beyond the 
	mockery, however, lies an important reminder to remain skeptical of modern 
	artificial intelligence technology. The idea behind Nectome is known to mind 
	uploading enthusiasts (yes, there's an entire culture around the idea, with 
	a number of wealthy foundations backing the research) as "destructive 
	uploading": A brain must be killed to map it. That macabre proposition has 
	resulted in lots of publicity for Nectome, which predictably got lumped 
	together with earlier efforts to deep-freeze millionaires' bodies so they 
	could be revived when technology allows it. Nectome's biggest problem, 
	however, isn't primarily ethical.
	The company has developed a way to embalm the brain in a way that keeps all 
	its synapses visible with an electronic microscope. That makes it possible 
	to create a map of all of the brain's neuron connections, a "connectome." 
	Nectome's founders believe that map is the most important element of the 
	reconstructed human brain and that preserving it should keep all of a 
	person's memories intact. But even these mind uploading optimists only 
	expect the first 10,000-neuron network to be reconstructed sometime between 
	2021 and 2024.
	So far, however, not much progress has been achieved in such 
	reconstructions. "Didn't anyone tell them that we've known the C Elegans 
	connectome for over a decade but haven't figured out how to reconstruct all 
	of their memories?" Sam Gershman, a Harvard brain scientist, tweeted in 
	response to a new story about Nectome. "And that's only 7000 synapses 
	compared to the trillions of synapses in the human brain!"
	Caenorhabditis Elegans is a tiny worm. It's not particularly smart, and its 
	memories aren't complex, but it's not "uploadable" yet.
	According to Anders Sandberg of Oxford University's Future of Humanity 
	Institute, the human connectome could take up about 10 petabytes of storage. 
	It would take some 283,000 such connectomes to match the total volume of 
	information available on the internet today. But, contrary to the confident 
	predictions on the Nectome site, the map probably wouldn't allow the 
	complete reconstruction of the human brain. Experts are still arguing about 
	how memories are stored, and many don't believe a connectome describes all, 
	or even most, of the ways in which the human brain operates. It's not just 
	that the technology to produce a human connectome doesn't exist yet -- there 
	is plenty of uncertainty over what else might be needed for a "mind upload."
	Building a connectome is not the only approach to the task of mind 
	uploading. Scientists are trying, for example, to map neurons' firing 
	activity over time; they are decades away from getting anywhere with a human 
	brain.
	And that's even before scientists begin to contemplate philosophical issues, 
	such as whether an uploaded mind will be the same personality as the 
	original "owner" of the brain.
	The human brain may not be the most efficient form of intelligence; it needs 
	a lot of biological backup machinery to make up for cells that die all the 
	time, and its ability to store data is not as reliable as that of computers. 
	Someday, many years from now, technology will probably exist that will be 
	able to reconstruct the brain while cutting some corners for improved 
	efficiency. But it's unlikely to be able to replicate every nuance of 
	perception, memory, emotion, intuition.
	We often talk about today's artificial intelligence -- based on algorithms 
	that essentially use the brute force of computers to crunch problems such as 
	image recognition -- as if it'll soon replace humans at complex creative and 
	communicative tasks. That kind of AI, however, will never do it. Progress 
	along the same lines can produce smarter digital assistants than today's 
	Siri or Alexa. But a human, equipped with a computer, will still run circles 
	around them because of the sheer, currently irreproducible complexity of the 
	human brain.
	I'd argue that a truly intelligent artificial entity -- intelligent like a 
	person, with all the versatility it implies -- would need to run a 
	relatively faithful reconstruction of the brain. Different kinds of 
	intelligence than ours are possible, and they can be better than humans at 
	some tasks, like playing chess or even safely driving a vehicle. But the 
	human experience isn't limited to the mechanical performance of tasks. It 
	depends on flashes of brilliance, and often on failures, to advance mankind.
	Recreating the human brain is the holy grail of artificial intelligence. So 
	far, even the most extreme optimists of mind uploading see it only in the 
	distant future. With all the AI hype, we tend to underestimate the 
	supercomputers we carry around in our skulls.
	
	Big Tech May Be Monopolistic, But It's Good for 
	Consumers
	Michael Strain/Bloomberg//March 25/18 
	“Big tech” is under increasing scrutiny. Tech giants like Amazon, Google, 
	Apple and Facebook are being accused of a wide variety of sins: promulgating 
	fake news, stifling innovative competitors, and crushing mom-and-pop shops, 
	to name a few. Some critics have gone so far as to call for these powerful 
	companies to be converted into public utilities. Others want the government 
	to use its antitrust powers to break up big tech. This borders on the 
	absurd. For the past half century, the US government has followed the best 
	standard that economists and legal scholars have come up with to define 
	anticompetitive behavior: Are these companies threatening or reducing the 
	welfare of consumers as determined by the prices, quality of products and 
	services, and choices consumers face and the benefits of economic innovation 
	that consumers enjoy?
	This is the right standard. Another standard that could be used in antitrust 
	enforcement is essentially "big is bad" -- the presumption that large and 
	powerful companies should be suspect because of the political and economic 
	influence they wield. This vague, fuzzier standard is inferior. It ignores 
	the good things that come from size, including the ability to produce output 
	at lower cost. It also invites regulatory mischief. And it weakens the focus 
	on the benefits competitive markets offer to consumers.
	By the standard of consumer welfare, big tech is a blessing. I have been 
	using Gmail every day for over a decade. It operates flawlessly. And its 
	search feature is so good that it acts as a virtual diary, allowing me to 
	revisit correspondence from years ago with just a few keystrokes. Google, 
	the creator and operator of Gmail, has charged me exactly zero dollars for 
	this fantastic product. Amazon is pushing prices so low that some believe it 
	is reducing the rate of price inflation for the overall economy. Apple put a 
	sleek computer -- and the ability to access previously unimaginable 
	quantities of knowledge -- in our pockets.
	In short, by the standards of consumer welfare -- providing a variety of 
	high-quality products, innovation, low prices -- big tech is one of the best 
	things to happen in the economy in decades.
	A more subtle argument against big tech involves the future: Yes, many new 
	and innovative products are given away free today. But what effect is big 
	tech having on tomorrow’s prices and innovation?
	This argument assumes that big tech is stifling the competition today that 
	tomorrow would lead to innovation or lower prices. I’m not sold. It is 
	certainly true that consumer welfare can be harmed by the absence of 
	products that might have been created if a market had had more competition. 
	But look at what is actually happening: Big tech firms plow revenue into 
	research and development in order to continue creating new and better 
	products. These companies are innovation powerhouses, and there are no signs 
	that that will change.
	Are they stifling competition in news and information? Hardly. It wasn’t 
	long ago that the average American’s choice in news consumption was the 
	morning paper and three networks for the nightly news. Thanks to Google, for 
	example, you can type in a few keywords and read dozens of news stories on 
	your topic of choice.
	Because of the importance of network size and upfront investment, does the 
	tech sector naturally tend toward concentration? This is a reasonable 
	argument. But it must contend with the fact that the web browser Netscape 
	fell to Internet Explorer, that Hotmail was displaced by Gmail, the decline 
	of America Online, that many speculate Apple’s ability to innovate is 
	descending, and that Facebook “is losing its teenage users” because -- in 
	the words of The Guardian -- “parents killed it.”
	In other words: These companies haven’t been dominant for that long, there 
	were dominant tech companies before them, and we shouldn’t assume that the 
	current market leaders will dominate forever.
	Yet another concern is that the tendency of tech giants to gobble up 
	startups is suppressing innovation -- Facebook’s purchase of Instagram and 
	Google’s purchase of YouTube, as examples. But it’s just as possible that 
	the opportunity for an entrepreneur to create something great and sell it to 
	big tech encourages more innovation than it suppresses. And by the standards 
	of consumer welfare, it is not clear that it matters whether Facebook or 
	shareholders or the founders own Instagram.
	And let’s assume for the sake of argument that Amazon’s master plan actually 
	is to dominate all retail sales -- including groceries -- by charging low 
	prices that squeeze the profit margins of its competitors (again, a great 
	thing for your pocketbook) and then, at some point in the future, jacking up 
	prices and harvesting outsize profits. Even if that lay in store, the 
	appropriate regulatory response would be to wait until much more evidence 
	accumulates that Amazon actually might harm consumers and reduce 
	competition. Online sales make up less than 10 percent of all retail sales. 
	Walmart’s revenue is more than twice Amazon’s. It’s not time to call in the 
	trust busters. This is not to say that big tech is without concern. There is 
	a conversation to be had about the influence that social media companies 
	like Facebook have on the public debate and in our political system. Its 
	guiding light must be the preservation of free speech. But issues like the 
	role of bots, the hosting of political content, and the amount of 
	responsibility Facebook has over the content on its platform should be 
	discussed. In addition, it is reasonable to be concerned about consumer 
	ownership of social network data and search and purchasing histories, and 
	about data security. But break up big tech? No. That would shatter some of 
	the greatest achievements of the American economy.
	
	Will Trump Let Assad Get Away With Using Chemical Weapons in Syria?
	Josh Rogin/The Washington Post/March 25/18 
	The Trump administration maintains that it won’t tolerate chemical weapons 
	attacks by Bashar al-Assad’s regime and its partners in Syria, despite 
	reported widespread use of chlorine gas, along with credible reports of the 
	nerve agent sarin. But there’s no real plan to stop these war crimes, and 
	America’s credibility is on the line. As the Syrian war enters its eighth 
	year, national security adviser HR McMaster called Thursday for punishing 
	Moscow and Tehran for their part in ongoing atrocities in Syria. Such 
	actions, he suggested, should have serious political and economic 
	consequences.
	“All civilized nations must hold Iran and Russia accountable for their role 
	in enabling atrocities and perpetuating human suffering in Syria,” McMaster 
	said at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Assad should not have impunity 
	for his crimes, and neither should his sponsors,” he continued.
	The regime’s attacks on civilians are worst now in the Damascus suburb of 
	Eastern Ghouta. Roughly 400,000 people are besieged by Assad’s forces, 
	supported by Iranian-backed militias and Russian air power. The bombs 
	raining down often disperse deadly gas. The UN special envoy for Syria has 
	called Eastern Ghouta the “epicenter of suffering.”
	It’s unclear what the Trump administration is prepared to do about it. US 
	Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley threatened last week that President Trump 
	would respond militarily, as he did last April, if chemical weapons use 
	continued. “When the international community consistently fails to act, 
	there are times when states are compelled to take their own action,” she 
	said at the UN Security Council.
	Diplomats around the world scrambled to analyze the credibility of Haley’s 
	threat. Gen. Valery Gerasimov, chief of the general staff of Russia’s armed 
	forces, warned that Russia would strike back this time. Deputy Foreign 
	Minister Sergei Ryabkov called in Jon Huntsman, US ambassador to Moscow, to 
	convey the same warning privately.
	Haley’s comments were cleared through the interagency process, but no 
	decision on military force has been made. The Pentagon doesn’t favor 
	attacking Assad near Damascus, although Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said 
	recently that “it would be very unwise” for Assad to continue using 
	weaponized gas. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson favored negotiation with 
	Moscow — before he was fired. Trump’s personal views are unknown.
	Before any strike, the Trump administration would have to build an ironclad 
	case of chemical weapons use, nearly impossible given the chaotic situation 
	on the ground. White Helmets rescue workers and local doctors have collected 
	ample evidence of chorine attacks, but verification could take months.
	“We have a higher standard to make sure we understand precisely what took 
	place . . . so that our response can meet the threat,” CIA Director and 
	Secretary of State nominee Mike Pompeo said March 11.
	That leaves the United States and its partners searching for other tools. 
	Haley’s staff is trying earnestly to negotiate a new cease-fire resolution 
	at the United Nations, as well as a new resolution on monitoring chemical 
	weapons use. In 2013, President Barack Obama’s threat of force preceded a 
	deal with Moscow on chemical weapons. But there’s little chance that Russia 
	will allow anything meaningful to succeed this time around.
	Nevertheless, there’s much the United States can do. The Holocaust Museum 
	issued a report last week recommending ways to protect civilians from 
	chemical and other weapons. The report focuses on raising pressure on Moscow 
	and Tehran, securing humanitarian access, supporting civil society in 
	liberated areas and pursuing accountability for war criminals.
	The House has already passed legislation to impose sanctions on Assad for 
	war crimes and halt the flow of weapons used to kill civilians. The law is 
	named after “Caesar,” the Syrian military photographer who smuggled out 
	55,000 images proving the Assad regime’s torture and murder of civilians in 
	custody. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Corker (R-Tenn.) 
	prefers alternate legislation focusing more on investigating war crimes. The 
	Trump administration hasn’t come out in favor of either approach.
	If nothing happens before Eastern Ghouta falls, Haley and McMaster’s bluff 
	will have been called. That spells disaster for upcoming diplomatic 
	standoffs with Assad, Russia and Iran in other parts of Syria.
	“Assad is challenging the will and the seriousness of the Trump 
	administration,” said Hadi Al-Bahra, of the Syrian opposition negotiations 
	commission. “As long as the regime can continue bombing with no 
	consequences, they will never sit down at the negotiating table.”
	The fallout will extend beyond Syria. In September 2013, then-Rep. Pompeo 
	(R-Kan.) and Sen. Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) argued in a Post op-ed that the U.S. 
	failure to respond to chemical weapons use in Syria would embolden not only 
	Assad but also other rogue actors, including Iran and North Korea. “Core US 
	national security interests are implicated in Syria,” they wrote. That was 
	right then and is still right now. When it comes to protecting Syrian 
	civilians from chemical weapons, our interests and our morals align. So long 
	as the atrocities continue, the flow of refugees will increase, extremism 
	will worsen and the war will never end.
	
	Palestinian Christian Theologians against Israel
	Denis MacEoin/Gatestone Institute/March 25/18 
	
	https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/12044/christian-theologians-israel
	The purpose here is not to condemn the church for what it believes. These 
	beliefs, however, make it difficult to understand how the leaders of a 
	church can advocate such intimate relations with Muslims, for whom 
	everything Christians believe is pure blasphemy.
	In the Qur'an, Jesus is regarded, not as God or the Son of God, but as a 
	prophet inferior to Muhammad. The Qur'an is emphatic in saying that Jesus 
	was not crucified, but that someone else was substituted for him. Therefore, 
	Christ did not die to save mankind; this salvation is reserved only for 
	those who believe in the God of the prophet Muhammad.
	No one is suggesting that Palestinian Christians should invite their own 
	deaths by outrightly defying the Muslim majority. It seems inexplicable, 
	however, why these Christians prefer to join with the Islamic resistance 
	rather than to remain silent, accept their supposedly inferior status, and 
	refrain from overt endorsements of what Muslims view as right.
	On March 3, Britain's most senior Catholic cleric, Cardinal Vincent Nichols, 
	called for closer ties with Islam on the grounds that "the two religions 
	have more in common than people think". What on Earth does this prelate 
	think Muslims believe? After some 1400 years of rivalry and war, some sort 
	of naivety and fuzzy thinking is making Christians the agents of their own 
	destruction.
	It is sad but possibly to be expected that many Palestinian Christians – who 
	are constantly under threat but have not been killed or expelled – identify 
	closely with the cause of their Muslim fellows as they engage in often 
	violent "resistance" to Israel and the limited Israeli "occupation" of the 
	West Bank (Judaea and Samaria). Christians may have a long history in Syria 
	and Palestine, but the earliest Christians, including Christ, were, of 
	course, Jews. According to Christianity Today:
	The Acts of the Apostles states that the first Christians in Jerusalem were 
	Jews, and historians believe that even after the fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 
	70, Christianity in the Holy Land kept its Jewish flavor. But the Jewish 
	revolt of Bar-Kokhba in 135 changed all this; Rome showed no mercy to the 
	Jews and obliterated Jerusalem, renaming the city "Aelia Capitolina" and the 
	country of Israel "Palestine." With this blow, the Christian Jewish 
	community effectively disappeared.
	As non-Jewish Christians emerged, persecution continued throughout the Roman 
	Empire until the emperor Constantine converted in 312 and later imposed 
	Christianity as the sole religion.
	Under the Roman and Byzantine empires, the Christians of Palestine enjoyed 
	freedom to live and worship as they pleased. In 634, however, a mere two 
	years after the death of the prophet Muhammad, Muslim Arab forces defeated 
	the Byzantines and took possession of Syria, of which Palestine was the 
	southern region. "Palestine," although an ancient name, was imposed by the 
	Roman Emperor Hadrian in an apparent attempt to sever the land even then 
	from its Jewish roots in response to a revolt in 135 CE.
	Palestine, however, was never a separate state or province, regardless of 
	its rulers. From 1923-1948, it was the name of the area under the British 
	mandate: during that time, everyone born there – Christian, Muslim and Jew – 
	was officially a Palestinian, with "Palestine" stamped on all passports.
	Then, in May of 1948, five Arab armies attacked Israel on the day of its 
	birth, explicitly hoping to end the new country before it could start. The 
	people now called Palestinians were those Arabs who fled during that war, 
	after their leaders promised them they would be able to come back and 
	reclaim their homes as soon as the Arab victory was complete.
	That the Arabs might lose this war – which was what occurred-- was never 
	factored into this promise. When, after the war, the Arabs who had fled 
	wished to come back, Israel reminded them that they had not exactly been 
	allies, and declined to admit them.
	During that war of 1947-48, Jordan illegally captured and later annexed much 
	of Jerusalem. The Jews who had lived in those areas fled. Overnight, the 
	Christians who had stayed in Gaza and the West Bank found themselves 
	regarded as second-class, tolerated citizens, dhimmi people with few rights, 
	who were forced to live as outnumbered "infidels" under Muslim rule. As 
	such, they had no legal recourse and were under continual threat for their 
	property and lives. 
	Until then, for centuries, Palestinian Christians had lived under a 
	succession of Islamic empires and had little reason to love their overlords. 
	With the slaughter and expulsion of the Armenians and Pontic Greeks by 
	Muslim Turks from 1915-1923, Christians in the region had been reduced from 
	being the citizens of the once-great Byzantine Empire, to a tiny minority in 
	the land their ancestors once ruled.
	The last of these empires was the vast Turkish Ottoman Empire, which the 
	European allies displaced allies in 1918.
	What today we regard as Palestinians, as the PLO leader Zuheir Mohsen 
	explained in an interview in the Dutch newspaper Trouw in March 1977, are 
	simply the Arabs who lost the war:
	"The Palestinian people does not exist. The creation of a Palestinian state 
	is only a means for continuing our struggle against the state of Israel for 
	our Arab unity. In reality, today there is no difference between Jordanians, 
	Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese."
	Christians today represent a mere 1.3% of the Muslim Arabs (35,000 who live 
	under the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, and 3,000 under Hamas in 
	the Gaza Strip). In Israel, the numbers are, not surprisingly, higher:
	Christians constitute 2.1 percent of Israel's total population. Some 83 
	percent of the Christians are Arab, representing a significant minority of 
	9.6 percent of the total Palestinian Arab minority in the state, which 
	itself forms approximately 18 percent of the total population of Israel. The 
	Christians in Israel thus form proportionally one of the largest Christian 
	minorities within Arab populations in the Middle East.
	The only Christian community in the Middle East to have grown since the end 
	of the Ottoman Empire is the one inside Israel. Everywhere else, the numbers 
	have been dropping due to emigration, a falling birth-rate, and persecution 
	by Muslim majorities.
	In Gaza and the West Bank, Christians have been routinely harassed, 
	persecuted and even killed by their Muslim neighbors. There is no space here 
	for a full account of the many indignities Christians have suffered under 
	the Palestinian Authority, but David Raab has provided an overview:
	The old Islamic disdain for Christians and other non-Muslims continues to 
	infect modern Palestinian society. In a 2000 sermon from Gaza broadcast on 
	PA television, Dr Ahmad Abu Halabiyya declared, amidst many calls for 
	violence:
	This is the truth, O Brothers in belief. From here, Allah the almighty has 
	called upon us not to ally with the Jews or the Christians, not to like 
	them, not to become their partners, not to support them, and not to sign 
	agreements with them. And he who does that, is one of them, as Allah said: 
	"O you who believe, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies, for 
	they are allies of one another. Who from among you takes them as allies will 
	indeed be one of them...
	...The Jews are the allies of the Christians, and the Christians are the 
	allies of the Jews, despite the enmity that exists between them. The enmity 
	between the Jews and the Christians is deep, but all of them are in 
	agreement against the monotheists - against those who say, "There is no God 
	but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger," that is - they are against you, O 
	Muslims.
	An Israeli government report, "Palestinian Authority's Treatment of 
	Christians in the Autonomous Areas", from as far back as 1997, lists a 
	number of cases of PA harassment of Christians, especially those who 
	converted from Islam to Christianity, and are therefore regarded as 
	apostates, meriting the death sentence. Pastors and others have been 
	arrested, imprisoned, and threatened as possible Israeli spies. Here is just 
	a single example:
	A Palestinian convert to Christianity living in a village near Nablus was 
	recently arrested by the Palestinian police. A Muslim preacher was brought 
	in by the police, and he attempted to convince the convert to return to 
	Islam. When the convert refused, he was brought before a Palestinian court 
	and sentenced to prison for insulting the religious leader. He is currently 
	being held in a prison cell with more than 30 people, most serving life 
	sentences for murder.
	Nor is Muslim mistreatment restricted to individuals and families. According 
	to Raab:
	The PA has shown contempt for certain Christian holy sites, and there has 
	been significant desecration as well. For example, without prior consent of 
	the church, Yasser Arafat decided to turn the Greek Orthodox monastery near 
	the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into his domicile during his visits 
	to the city. On July 5, 1997, the PLO seized Abraham's Oak Russian Holy 
	Trinity Monastery in Hebron, violently evicting monks and nuns.
	Among the most publicized incidents was the 2002 takeover of Bethlehem's 
	Church of the Nativity, when dozens of Palestinian terrorists held the 
	sacred site of the birth of Jesus for five weeks, desecrating it, stealing 
	anything valuable, and tearing up Bibles to use as toilet paper. The whole 
	event was staged by the Palestine Authority itself, under Yasser Arafat.
	Given that they have been, and still are, so mistreated by the Muslim 
	authorities, why do so many Palestinian Christians express their support for 
	a "resistance" – a euphemism for armed struggle -- to Israel by terrorist 
	organizations, many inspired by jihadist ideals? This "resistance" takes its 
	inspiration from the belief that any territory, once conquered for Islam 
	(and, in this case, stolen from Christians), must remain under Islamic rule 
	in perpetuity:
	"Syrian Sheik Omar Bakri... said in an interview at the time that both 
	Romania and Bulgaria were legitimate targets for attacks, because they are 
	'Islamic land' ...
	"Once Islam enters a land, that land becomes Islamic and the Muslims have 
	the duty to liberate it some day. Spain, for example, is Islamic land, and 
	so is Eastern Europe: Romania, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo and 
	Bosnia."
	Surely that is very far indeed from Christian precepts?
	Yet, anti-Israel activism among Palestinian Christians who contest the 
	liberation of Jerusalem by Israel from its illegal capture and occupation by 
	Jordan is not hard to find. Presumably there is a justifiable concern among 
	Christians to protect their safety, and the safety of Christian properties, 
	by allying themselves with the Muslims among whom they have to live. In June 
	2017, for example, a "Letter from Palestinian Christians to the World 
	Council of Churches and the Ecumenical Movement" was signed by thirty 
	Christian organizations, Catholic, Assyrian, Orthodox, and Protestant in 
	Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Gaza. It begins: As we meet this month in Bethlehem 
	in occupied Palestine, we are still suffering from 100 years of injustice 
	and oppression that were inflicted on the Palestinian people beginning with 
	the unjust and unlawful Balfour declaration.
	It continues in the same vein. The seventh of its nine demands on the WCC 
	and the Ecumenical Movement reads:
	That you defend our right and duty to resist the occupation creatively and 
	non-violently. We ask that you speak in support of economic measures that 
	pressure Israel to stop the occupation and that you support athletic, 
	cultural, and academic measures against Israel until it complies with 
	international law and UN resolutions urging the ending of its occupation, 
	apartheid, and discrimination, and accepts refugees to return to their 
	homeland. This is our last peaceful resort. [italics by the ed.]... In 
	response to Israel's war on BDS, we ask that you intensify that measure 
	["urging the ending of its occupation, apartheid, and discrimination, and 
	accept[ing] refugees to return to their homeland."].
	As Palestinian "resistance" has always been extremely violent (just for 
	example, here and here), one form of it has centred around protests over the 
	al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. During a wave of these protests in July 2017, 
	when Christians prayed with Muslims, one protester urged Christians to do 
	more: "Bethlehem churches will close their doors tomorrow, Sunday, and urge 
	Christians to head to the mosques... #Here_Is_Palestine."
	Indeed, "On Thursday, a delegation of the World Council of Churches joined 
	Palestinian worshippers protesting near Al-Aqsa and stood in solidarity with 
	the Muslim community."
	The anti-Israel Orthodox Archbishop of Sebastia, Theodosios (Atallah Hanna), 
	expresses Christian solidarity with Muslims in stark terms:
	I support Palestinians and share their cause and their issues.... 
	We the Palestinian Christians suffer along with the rest of Palestinians 
	from occupation and hardships of our economic situation. Muslims and 
	Christians suffer equally, as there is no difference in suffering for any of 
	us. We are all living in the same complicated circumstances, and overcoming 
	the same difficulties.
	Hanna was one of the authors of the anti-Semitic Palestinian Christian 
	Kairos Document, about which I have written here before. Kairos Palestine 
	was created in 2009 and signed by thirteen Christian leaders in Jerusalem, 
	representing the Greek Orthodox, Latin, Armenian Orthodox, Coptic, Syrian 
	Orthodox, Maronite, Ethiopian, Greek Catholic, Syrian Catholic, Lutheran, 
	Anglican, and Armenian Catholic churches – all of which are traditionalist 
	denominations. One of its first paragraphs reads:
	In this historic document, we Palestinian Christians declare that the 
	military occupation of our land is a sin against God and humanity, and that 
	any theology that legitimizes the occupation is far from Christian teachings 
	because true Christian theology is a theology of love and solidarity with 
	the oppressed, a call to justice and equality among peoples.
	This elevation of a political, legal and military concern into the realm of 
	theology owes greatly to the style of Liberation Theology, a radical form of 
	Christian belief and action that developed within the Catholic Church in 
	Latin America, and based on concern for the poor and oppressed. Such concern 
	is well within the bounds of the Christian tradition, but Kairos adopts a 
	different form of replacement theology. It treats the Jews who have not 
	embraced Jesus as their saviour, as no longer God's people. This allows the 
	writers of Kairos to show concern for the Palestinians, Christian and Muslim 
	alike, yet show no such concern for Jews, faced by wars, terrorism, and 
	international hatred -- and without whose protection by Israel's security 
	services, as the Christians well know, they would be left to the same tender 
	mercies of extremist Muslims as other Christians in the Middle East.
	A genuinely ecumenical American center devoted to Christian-Jewish relations 
	issued a document "Cautions to U.S. Churches Regarding the Kairos Palestine 
	Document", in which they found serious fault with its arguments:
	A group, Christians for Fair Witness, apparently felt obliged to wrote a 
	reply: "Cautions to U.S. Churches Regarding the Kairos Palestine Document." 
	It was endorsed by St. Paul University's Institute for Jewish-Catholic 
	Relations, and by Dialogika (as is made clear on the Christians for Fair 
	Witness website). While treating the Kairos document with respect, the 
	cautions expressed were far-ranging and crucial....
	That Jewish natural right was not once raised.... Only Palestinian rights 
	and demands were considered of relevance to Christians.
	The Cautions document also states: "The Kairos Palestine document professes 
	that 'an end to Israeli occupation... will guarantee security and peace for 
	all.'" (Sec. 7) ... But is that true? There was no security or peace prior 
	to the occupation. This analysis continues with a list of Arab violence 
	against Jews, the PLO's 1964 objective of liquidating Israel, and a clear 
	statement that "There is no reason to believe that ending the occupation 
	alone would bring security and peace to Israel and Palestine."
	Kairos, not surprisingly, has inspired a vast movement of anti-Israel 
	activism in many countries. Kairos, and literature relating to it, may be 
	found in Western churches, such as Sweden's, during pro-Palestinian lectures 
	and exhibitions. The Kairos document is so egregiously discriminatory that 
	in 2010, the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) declared it "supersessionist" 
	and "anti-Semitic."
	A leading figure among the authors of Kairos Palestine is Rev. Mitri Raheb, 
	who has developed an international career as a self-proclaimed "Public 
	Figure, Pastor and Theologian, Author and Social Entrepreneur". Mitri's CV 
	is truly astonishing, from the awards he has received and the universities 
	at which he has lectured to the institutions he has founded. He has had a 
	broad media presence:
	"The work of Dr. Raheb has received wide media attention from major 
	international media outlets and networks including CNN, ABC, CBS, 60 
	Minutes, BBC, ARD, ZDF, DW, BR, Premiere, Raiuno, Stern, The Economist, 
	Newsweek, Al-Jazeera, al-Mayadin, Vanity Fair, and others."
	How many clergymen of any variety feature in Vanity Fair magazine, aimed at 
	the luxury market? These are achievements of which many other theologians 
	and church leaders might well be envious.
	Born in Bethlehem in 1962, Raheb studied at two German colleges: the 
	Hermannsburg Mission Seminary (1980-19894) and Marburg University 
	(1984-1988), where he obtained a PhD in theology. He went back to Bethlehem 
	in 1988.
	Raheb is an ordained minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan 
	and the Holy Land, a version of Lutheranism established by German and 
	English missionaries to Palestine in the mid-19th century. Based on a belief 
	in the Trinity, the Evangelical Lutheran Church is fundamentalist in 
	doctrine:
	"The true way of salvation is revealed only through God's Word, and any 
	claims for revelation of the way of salvation through other means must be 
	rejected. The main purpose of Holy Scripture is to reveal to us that Jesus 
	Christ is our only Savior."
	It is immune to modern rationalist theology, and states, for example:
	We confess that God created all things in six days by the power of His Word, 
	exactly as is set forth in Genesis chapters 1 and 2 and elsewhere in 
	Scripture. We therefore reject the theories of "evolution," including 
	"theistic evolution," not only because they lack a sound basis in scientific 
	evidence but especially because they contradict the divinely-inspired 
	account of creation as given by Moses in the Old Testament and confirmed by 
	Christ in the New.
	The purpose here is not to condemn the church for what it believes. These 
	beliefs, however, make it difficult to understand how the leaders of a 
	church can advocate such intimate relations with Muslims, for whom 
	everything Christians believe is pure blasphemy. What is even stranger, is 
	that apparently the Christians do not even plan to convert these Muslims.
	In the Qur'an, Christian belief in God as three persons is anathema, as God 
	is only One. Similarly, Jesus is regarded, not as God or the Son of God, but 
	as a prophet inferior to Muhammad. The Qur'an is emphatic in saying that 
	Jesus was not crucified, but that someone else was substituted for him. 
	Therefore, Christ did not die to save mankind; this salvation is reserved 
	only for those who believe in the God of the prophet Muhammad.... [F]or 
	Muslims, the Bible... was a corruption of Islam by Christian priests and 
	monks, in a distortion known as tahrif.
	Raheb and his supporters from different denominations are clearly willing to 
	ignore this gross denial of their faith in all its aspects, a denial that 
	renders non-existent the fundamental aspiration to life after death in 
	heaven through the sacrifice of Jesus. It is normal for religious people to 
	identify themselves as members of their faith above all other allegiances, 
	to the extent that they are willing to suffer death rather than deny it. 
	Baha'is in Iran have been offered their lives if only they converted to 
	Islam, yet all have gone willingly to the hangman's noose by refusing to do 
	so. Christian martyrs, ancient and modern, are widely praised as ideal 
	exponents of their faith. Many Christians have been killed by Muslims in 
	Egypt and elsewhere, as in the Nag Hammadi massacre of 2010.
	No one is suggesting that Palestinian Christians should invite their own 
	deaths by outrightly defying the Muslim majority. It seems inexplicable, 
	however, why these Christians prefer to join with the Islamic "resistance" 
	rather than to remain silent, accept their supposedly inferior status, and 
	refrain from overt endorsements of what Muslims view as right.
	Raheb takes this so far that he cannot even bear to describe Jesus as a Jew. 
	At a Christ at the Checkpoint conference in 2010, he stated that:
	I'm sure if we were to do a DNA test between David, who was a Bethlehemite, 
	and Jesus, born in Bethlehem, and Mitri, born just across the street from 
	where Jesus was born, I'm sure the DNA will show that there is a trace. 
	While, if you put King David, Jesus and Netanyahu, you will get nothing, 
	because Netanyahu comes from an East European tribe who converted to Judaism 
	in the Middle Ages.
	The notion that Ashkenazi Jews are descended from an East European who 
	converted has for many years been known, based on DNA testing, as a 
	scientific fallacy. (In addition, see here.)
	Raheb goes even further. He does not recoil from the violence, the genocidal 
	threats, and the Islamic radicalism of Hamas. In an interview with the 
	popular Egyptian daily al-Masri al-Yawm (Egypt Today) in March 2016, he 
	praised the terror group (which is mainly responsible for the suffering of 
	its own Palestinian people: Hamas is a Palestinian political movement that 
	has an important role. No one can deny this. The Church is in constant 
	communication with Hamas in the West bank via many delegations from the 
	Church. Some people in the church believe in the armed resistance, and we do 
	not disagree. Once you have occupation, you will have resistance. Here is a 
	Christian leader celebrating a notoriously evil entity and announcing that 
	"Some people in the church believe in the armed resistance, and we do not 
	disagree".
	Moments later, Raheb tried to mitigate his support by addressing his private 
	views: "However, on a personal level, I do not believe in the armed 
	resistance. How would you fight an enemy with arms that were made by him and 
	its allies? It is smarter not to invite your foe to a wrestling match if he 
	was a wrestler, but to invite him to a chess match."
	Christian author Dexter Van Zile comments, "It's bad enough that Raheb, a 
	Christian pastor, would distance himself from Hamas' jihadist violence not 
	because it is wrong, but because it is ineffective."
	A fundamental aspect of much modern theology across the Christian churches 
	is a belief in the central role of reconciliation and peace-making by 
	believers, both clergy and lay. Even the World Council of Churches, to which 
	Raheb and his followers are allied, emphasizes the role of Peace, Justice, 
	and Reconciliation. Supporting Hamas and all the other forces within the 
	Palestinian "Resistance" is a total contradiction of such Christian values. 
	In few other places may one find such a level of hypocrisy and willful 
	self-contradiction. Yet in churches almost everywhere, the literature, 
	films, and spokespeople of that Christian deception may be found month after 
	month and town after town.
	Let me end with an item of recent news. On March 3, Britain's most senior 
	Catholic cleric, Cardinal Vincent Nichols called for closer ties with Islam 
	on the grounds "That the two religions have more in common than people 
	think". What on Earth does this prelate think Muslims believe? After some 
	1400 years of rivalry and war, some sort of naivety and fuzzy thinking is 
	making Christians the agents of their own destruction. Sadly, the Christians 
	of the West Bank are at the heart of this growing need to bow down to people 
	who, for the greater part, despise and persecute them.
	**Dr. Denis MacEoin has lectured in Islamic Studies in a university 
	department of Religious Studies, including Christian theology, in the UK. He 
	is a Distinguished Senior Fellow at the Gatestone Institute.
	© 2018 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here 
	do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone 
	Institute. No part of the Gatestone website or any of its contents may be 
	reproduced, copied or modified, without the prior written consent of 
	Gatestone Institute.
	 
	Debate over 
	intellectual freedoms and rights in Saudi Arabia
	Fahad Suleiman Shoqiran/Al Arabiya/March 25/18
	The Riyadh Book Fair has reflected modern social phenomena, stirred debate 
	among different movements and created a social, intellectual and media 
	frenzy for over a decade and a half. The debate in Saudi Arabia is of a 
	cultural nature, as the political situation has been settled through the 
	royal family’s mandate that has enjoyed wide popular support and approval 
	for about 300 years. The society has thus been spared of political chatter, 
	unlike other Arab countries that are fruitlessly pre-occupied with it as 
	they neither progressed on the developmental front nor changed on the 
	political level.
	The Riyadh Book Fair is much more than an event to sell books. It’s an 
	annual event to showcase differences and discuss debatable matters. The 
	fair’s events, for instance, included discussions on women’s work and 
	driving of cars. The fair also acts as a mirror that exposes new trends in 
	society and expresses the crisis which it is going through to overcome 
	backwardness. Some try to push the society backwards and fear Western 
	progress and intellectual developments. In recent years, discussions have 
	tackled issues like terrorism, the Islamic Sahwa movement, women and the 
	limits of their presence and books and their critique.
	However, this year’s debates are a bit different. The social media 
	phenomenon pervades this year’s fair following its ingress into society and 
	the world of the media. Reality has been hijacked by this social media 
	phenomenon, thus imposing a serious debate about writing standards 
	particularly after a “social media star” recently published a book and 
	printed 10,000 copies of it. The debate is mainly about the freedom to write 
	and whether such writings, which detail tweets or spin yarns, should be 
	printed by publishing houses. Writing books have always been an act carried 
	out by an intellectual elite on the basis of their profound experiences. Man 
	writes down experiences in his search for immortality. A book thus lives 
	forever which is why many writers have voiced their desire to live longer to 
	finish their work.
	Cheering for ignorance and trivializing theories
	Many intellectuals defend social media “celebrities” who write books as they 
	view the latter as a “product” which is released in the market and then 
	declines as social interests change. They believe even ignorant people have 
	the right to write books regardless of the content. They basically defend 
	the “right to write” and not the quality of the content created. There are 
	thus two conflicting opinions: One that “sanctifies books” and believes they 
	are the product of great knowledge and a culmination of a great existential 
	experience and another that “sanctifies freedom” and believes that the 
	former elite is outdated and has not kept up with the youths’ new interests. 
	There’s clearly a wave that trivializes everything, not just writing books. 
	This is not just about the dangerous “social media phenomenon” and its 
	products. Those who were once considered intellectuals fell into the trap of 
	cheering for ignorance and despising knowledge either by trivializing 
	theories or discussing matters, such as politics and culture, which require 
	great deal of experience before one can address them. The controversy 
	stirred by the “social media star” who published a book, comes within a 
	general context of madness. The old saying “There will come a time when 
	man’s mind will be crippled” is so true.
	
	Iran’s ‘Hitler’ facing the Trump storm
	Mohammed Al Shaikh/Al Arabiya/March 25/18
	All indicators point to the fact that President Trump is determined to scrap 
	the nuclear agreement signed by the P5 +1 with Iran. The most important sign 
	in this regard is Trump’s sacking of Rex Tillerson from his position of US 
	Secretary of State, and his appointment of the head of the CIA Mike Pompeo 
	to the post. It is well known that Pompeo is a strong figure, familiar with 
	Iran’s intentions and expansionist goals. He realizes how important this 
	issue is for the security of US allies in the region. If the United States 
	unilaterally drops out of the agreement, as is expected, it would entail the 
	termination of this agreement.
	Through this agreement, Iran was trying to improve its financial and 
	economic conditions. As is well known, the US has almost complete control 
	over monetary matters of the world. Thus, no Western company would dare hold 
	any transaction with Iran, unless it is certain it has the approval of the 
	United States.
	Tehran’s limited options
	In this context, one might ask: What options do Iranians have if the United 
	States declares its withdrawal from the agreement? The answer is very 
	simple: nothing but an escalating rhetoric threatening to destroy Israel, 
	but these shall be empty words that’ll not change a thing.
	As is known, Iran is currently facing a very difficult economic crisis. 
	Waves of popular protests have hit the country more frequently in recent 
	months. It is my assessment that the theocratic regime will be left with no 
	option but to accept new US conditions seeking restricted Iranian 
	intervention in neighboring countries as well as curtailment of Iran’s 
	development of ballistic missiles. Even though Iran has openly opposed 
	fulfilling US demands, it will eventually have to come to terms with them. 
	Towards the end of the war with Iraq, even Khomeini had to yield to similar 
	conditions and had said that it was like drinking from the poisoned chalice. 
	Some analysts believe that if the United States would drop out of the 
	nuclear agreement, Iran will create trouble, upset the security applecart 
	and threaten the stability of the US allies in the region, particularly in 
	Iraq, where for purely sectarian reasons, Iran has many cards that it can 
	exploit against the United States. I don’t believe Iran has the same 
	influence in Iraq today as it used to during the rule of its well-known 
	agent Nuri al-Maliki. It is my view that the current Iraqi Prime Minister 
	Haidar al-Abadi has developed a popular base in Iraq after having purged the 
	country from ISIS. His popularity will pave the way to his re-election as 
	prime minister.
	Iraq needs assistance of Gulf states, not Iran
	Abadi has on many occasions shown that he distances Iraq from Iran, or from 
	what he calls the policy of axes. Iraq currently needs to reconstruct what 
	was destroyed in the war and this can only be achieved with the support of 
	the Gulf Arab states. Iran cannot salvage its own deteriorating economy, so 
	it’s in no position to help reconstruct Iraq. Besides, appealing to a 
	sectarian sentiment no longer affects the Iraqis, be they Sunni or Shiite, 
	as it used to do in the past. Iraqis today want to live a secure and stable 
	life, not a life ravaged by wars, terrorism and sectarian strife which 
	almost fragmented the country and subjected people to tragedies for the past 
	thirty years. To conclude, the United States’ withdrawal from the nuclear 
	agreement has become certain. The mullahs have no options to confront this 
	decision. In order to address their worsening domestic economic issues, they 
	must accept Trump’s amendments to the agreement or face a popular backlash 
	at home that would give a jolt to the Khomeinist regime. If people starve, 
	ideological nourishment will not be enough for them to survive.
	
	Will New US Security Chief Take The World To War?
	Baria Alamuddin/Arab News/March 25/18
	I have spoken to seasoned diplomats who are extremely worried at the 
	prospect of John Bolton’s appointment as US National Security Advisor. When 
	neoconservative warmongers like Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and Bolton 
	previously ruled the roost at the White House, they envisaged the Iraq and 
	Afghanistan invasions as only the first phase of “creative chaos” for 
	remodeling the “broader Middle East.” Although their fevered plans were 
	drastically curtailed and ultimately discredited, the current catastrophic 
	state of the region can be largely traced back to this deranged worldview. 
	Are the war drums about to start beating again?
	In 2005, Bolton was appointed as America’s UN ambassador as an avowed enemy 
	of multilateral diplomacy; summed up by his scathing claim that “there is no 
	such thing as the United Nations.” The fact that this assertion has become 
	increasingly accurate is partly due to acts of sabotage by Bolton, who under 
	previous administrations lobbied successfully for the US to refrain from 
	joining the International Criminal Court. Having interviewed Bolton and 
	attended his briefings, I found him single-mindedly dogmatic, yet strikingly 
	uncharismatic. This notorious “bomb thrower” (as he was described by the 
	former boss of Fox News) may encourage Trump’s predilections for cutting 
	support for those multilateral institutions which are supposed to underpin 
	international law and global security, if only superpowers refrained from 
	torpedoing them.
	Trump’s foreign policy instincts during 2017 were often held in check by the 
	“adults in the room” — figures like Bolton’s predecessor H.R. McMaster — who 
	were regarded as level-headed advocates of the status quo. However, such 
	advice clashed with Trump’s desire for a radically different approach to 
	previous presidents, and he bristled each time they begged him not to tear 
	up Obama’s Iran deal. Now that the adults have left the building in a 
	stunning succession of departures, the mind boggles as to what the future 
	holds.
	With Trump slated to sit down with Kim Jong-un for face-to-face talks, there 
	has never been a more inauspicious time to appoint such a unilateralist 
	hawk. There are no longer any wise advocates of diplomacy whispering in 
	Trump’s ear. A hollowed-out and marginalized State Department has been 
	gutted at all levels through resignations and Rex Tillerson’s purges, with 
	high-level positions vacant for over a year. Even if Trump and Kim do hit it 
	off, this administration lacks the capacity and mentality for the complex 
	negotiations that would ensue. Bolton would not be the only figure itching 
	to derail these talks, pushing Trump toward a military option. For those who 
	doubt where Bolton’s instincts lie, he recently wrote: “It is perfectly 
	legitimate for the United States to respond to the current ‘necessity’ posed 
	by North Korea’s nuclear weapons by striking first.”
	After a long period in the political wilderness, and now an office-holder 
	with immense responsibilities, John Bolton may wish to draw a line under his 
	most inflammatory previous positions.
	Those who want to see Iran challenged and contained should not rush to 
	applaud Bolton’s appointment. Bolton was a prominent architect of the 2003 
	Iraq War, and the consequences of a new regional conflict could be similarly 
	horrific. Make no mistake, Iran’s regime with its third-rate conventional 
	military capacity is hated by its citizens and is all-too-ready to collapse. 
	Yet a botched invasion could further destabilize Central Asia and give rise 
	to even nastier successor regimes, particularly as Bolton and Trump are 
	ideologically opposed to nation-building — leaving us with the consequences 
	of a widening chain of failed states dominated by terrorist warlords all the 
	way from the Mediterranean through into South Asia.
	During Barack Obama’s tenure, Bolton repeatedly provoked Israel toward 
	strikes against Iran. However, a conflict directed against Tehran’s proxies 
	in Lebanon and Syria would leave a sizable part of the Arab world as a pile 
	of smoking ruins. The belligerent parties — Iran or Israel — wouldn’t 
	necessarily emerge significantly weaker from such a war, which would be 
	heavily dependent on terrorist proxies and airstrikes across Arab 
	territories. Such a conflict would simply play into the hands of hardliners 
	on both sides.
	We instead require a muscular multilateral framework for aggressive 
	containment against Iran. The 2015 nuclear deal failed to address Iran’s 
	ballistic missile program and expansionist regional meddling, which became 
	more unrestrained after Obama’s deal due to the absence of any assertive 
	containment strategy. Iran must face tangible consequences for its 
	sponsorship of terrorist entities and efforts to dominate regional states. 
	Given Bolton and Trump’s shared hostility toward multilateral diplomacy, the 
	prospects of a smart and effective globally-enforced policy of containment 
	toward Iran appear more remote than ever. A case could be made for regime 
	change because the region simply cannot coexist with the malicious 
	expansionism of this theocratic regime; but only if lessons are learnt from 
	the disasters of 2003 and 2011 and nationalist Iranians are supported in 
	eradicating every last trace of this abomination, which has done so much 
	harm across the region.
	Trump’s most successful officials are the yes-men who praise every nugget of 
	wisdom coming out of his mouth and pander to his worst instincts. This is 
	not a role the blunt and uncompromising Bolton will be particularly adept 
	at. Bolton has predictably always argued for harsh measures against Moscow, 
	whereas Trump goes out of his way to lavish praise on Vladimir Putin. Bolton 
	described Russia’s meddling in the 2016 US elections in favor of Trump as 
	“an act of war.” Trump’s fondness for asserting that the Iraq invasion was 
	“the single worst decision ever made” and Bolton’s continued dogged defense 
	of this war also make them an odd couple.
	However, commentators note that, after a long period in the political 
	wilderness, Bolton will be willing to bite his tongue and avoid 
	confrontation with his new boss; particularly after McMaster’s stiff 
	criticism of Russian meddling earned him a public rebuke and accelerated his 
	departure. As an office-holder with immense responsibilities, he may also 
	want to draw a line under his most inflammatory previous statements and 
	positions. Bolton will probably try and focus on issues where he and Trump 
	see eye-to-eye. For example, both men are comparably hawkish toward China 
	and Venezuela, while superficially sharing the desire to appear tough on 
	North Korea and Iran.
	Bolton is the very definition of “hawk” and is one of the most militant 
	figures in US politics. As one academic commented: “He’s never met a country 
	he hasn’t wanted to destroy.” He is also outspokenly anti-Muslim. Bolton’s 
	tendency toward Islamophobic conspiracy theories extended to joking that 
	Obama was a Muslim and in 2012 appearing on a rabidly anti-Muslim radio 
	channel for a debate about how the US administration had been infiltrated by 
	the Muslim Brotherhood. As a regular commentator in the right-wing media, he 
	is a voraciously pro-Israel voice, who stigmatizes the Palestinians as 
	“terrorists” and derides the peace process as a waste of time. Thus by no 
	stretch of the imagination should Bolton be seen as sympathetic to the 
	concerns and challenges facing the Arab world.
	Bolton, with his immense mustache, was portrayed by cartoonists as a small 
	aggressive dog who rushed to bite the legs of passers-by. Such mindless and 
	belligerent aggression for the sake of aggression is the last thing our 
	complex and volatile world currently needs. Although Congress lacks a veto 
	over the national security advisor position, senators must prove their 
	readiness to hold the administration to account and halt any tendencies to 
	rush into senseless confrontations. Perhaps the best we can hope for is that 
	Trump rapidly despairs of his new warmonger and Bolton is pushed through the 
	revolving doors of this reality TV White House before he sets off too many 
	firestorms around the world.
	*Baria Alamuddin is an award-winning journalist and broadcaster in the 
	Middle East and the UK. She is editor of the Media Services Syndicate and 
	has interviewed numerous heads of state.
	
	Turkey’s Cruel Joke As Its Fighters Loot Afrin
	Diana Moukalled/Arab News/March 25/18
	Hours after the Turkish army and its Syrian allies declared they had taken 
	full control of Kurdish Afrin, it seemed like the war in Syria had entered a 
	new phase. Pictures circulated on social media showing fighters inside Afrin 
	tearing down and destroying the statue of Kawa, a mythological Kurdish hero, 
	in a scene similar to when Daesh destroyed archaeological statues and 
	gravestones in some regions of Syria and Iraq. In fact, the war in Afrin did 
	not end with the Turkish military taking control of the Kurdish province. 
	Instead a second conflict broke out; this time a media war linked to the 
	pictures and videos showing the desire for “vengeance” of Olive Branch 
	fighters. The destruction of statues is not new in the history of the war in 
	Syria. Factions of the Syrian opposition have already destroyed the statue 
	of Ibrahim Hanano, one of the leaders of the Syrian revolution against 
	French occupation, in the city of Idlib and decapitated the statue of the 
	poet Abu Al-Alaa Al-Maari in his hometown Maarrat Al-Numan.
	Back then, Syrian opposition factions used the pretext that the fighters 
	thought they were statues of Hafez Assad. The same excuse was used by the 
	supporters of the Turkish operation as they claimed the fighters had assumed 
	the statue was that of Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Ocalan. 
	They added that statues were an expression of the “sanctity” of idols and 
	the renunciation of religion, and a symbol of pagan worship, in order to 
	justify the act of destruction. The raising of Turkish flags and the 
	destruction of the statue of Kurdish hero Kawa took place under the eyes and 
	ears of Ankara’s military leadership. The video focused on the enthusiasm 
	that was expressed the second the statue was brought down, as fighters 
	declared their victory by shouting “Allahu Akbar” and other slogans 
	encouraged by the government of Recep Tayyip Erdogan to justify its military 
	operation. These slogans were also adopted by groups allied with Turkey and 
	by those who invaded Afrin and stole it, considering their act “the first 
	Fatah Al-Islam” (operation embracing Islam) in the modern age. Once again, 
	Afrin is being dealt with as a city inhabited by Kurdish “infidels.” Thus, 
	the motivations for revenge multiply and are introduced as having historic 
	religious dimensions. This is exactly what Erdogan did when he linked the 
	war on Afrin with expressions from the Qur’an such as “figs and olives.” The 
	Turkish media focused on the statue, describing it as one of the pillars of 
	the Turkish victory in Afrin and bragging about it.
	The official Turkish acknowledgement of the robbing and looting operations 
	by armed fighters who entered the town in the context of operation Olive 
	Branch seemed like little more than a cruel joke. The fighters in the videos 
	and pictures we saw — invading houses and stealing cars, livestock and 
	everything they could carry — entered Afrin in the context of the Turkish 
	military operation. The Turkish flags that were raised and the statue of 
	Kawa that was destroyed took place under the eyes and ears of the Turkish 
	leadership. Therefore, the campaigns launched by Syrian activists in 
	solidarity with the Turkish military operation reflect a type of duplicity 
	and hypocrisy, as these activists themselves have launched campaigns 
	criticizing robbing and looting operations, but have also welcomed Turkey’s 
	invasion of the Kurdish-Syrian town and its occupation. 
	• Diana Moukalled is a veteran journalist with extensive experience in both 
	traditional and new media. She is also a columnist and freelance documentary 
	producer. Twitter: @dianamoukalled
	
	The Saudi Aramco IPO: Back to basics
	Dr. Mohamed A. Ramady/Al Arabiya/March 25/18
	Despite some intense lobbying by international stock markets like London and 
	also New York, there now seems to be a new realism setting on when and where 
	the planned Aramco IPO might take place.
	The message from Saudi Energy Minister and Aramco Chairman Khaled al-Falih 
	is that the Kingdom has not yet decided on a final venue for its dual 
	Saudi-international listing, with not only London, and New York, but also 
	Singapore and Hong Kong vying for this prestigious listing.
	Once again, the delay in announcing an international listing venue has 
	raised the possibility of a Saudi only listing. There is now feverish 
	speculation that the long awaited mega Aramco IPO will either be delayed to 
	2019 and whether the international listing will take a secondary place with 
	a primary listing on the Saudi Tadawul Stock Exchange becoming a more 
	realistic choice. There has also been some statements from Saudi Ministers 
	during the visit of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to the US, that the 
	2018 listing date is still feasible and that all options – both domestic and 
	international are under study.
	The hoped-for inclusion of the Saudi Tadawul in several prestigious 
	international indexes is the main factor for this newfound optimism for a 
	Saudi-only listing of the Aramco IPO
	This raises an intriguing possibility – is listing the Aramco IPO 
	exclusively on the Saudi Tadawul a viable option and what has changed over 
	the past few months, given the fact that all Aramco statements have been 
	positive and that the company is well advanced in its preparations?
	Detractors of a local listing have always argued that there is still some 
	way to go for the Saudi Tadawul to ensure that the necessary legal, 
	regulatory and operational infrastructure is in place to handle the mega 
	Aramco IPO and that an international listing in a prized foreign bourse 
	would bring the Kingdom prestige and ensures that Aramco applies best –in- 
	class governance models. However, recent comments from no other than Energy 
	Minister Khaled al-Falih has made analysts pause and take notice to a subtle 
	but significant change of tone on where and when the Aramco IPO was heading, 
	leading to speculation on whether an international exchange listing such as 
	in London or New York now hangs in the balance.
	Litigation concerns
	The Saudi Energy Minister put it very frankly when he rightly stated that 
	that Aramco was too big and too important for the Kingdom to risk listing in 
	the United States because of litigation concerns arising out of the US JASTA 
	Law and existing lawsuits against international oil companies for their role 
	in climate change. “The only thing we know today is that Tadawul will be the 
	key listing location as our national exchange,” Khaled al-Falih told CNN in 
	a wide ranging interview ahead of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s visit 
	to the US. The Minister provided a significant reason for why a local 
	listing now made more sense than before.
	“We are waiting for the reforms to be in place and to join MSCI and Aramco 
	listing in Tadawul will be catalytic for that capital market as we bring 
	international capital to the kingdom.” As for timing on whether this will be 
	2018 or delayed to 2019, and if there was an internal deadline to meet for 
	launching the IPO, the Minister was again frank by stating that as far as 
	Aramco was concerned it was not going to be bound by an “ artificial listing 
	deadline “ and would do so when it was ready . What he pointed to was that 
	already the energy giant has had its legal status changed to a Saudi joint 
	stock company effective from 1st January 2018 to start the process. The 
	hoped-for inclusion of the Saudi Tadawul in several prestigious 
	international indexes is the main factor for this newfound optimism for a 
	Saudi-only listing of the Aramco IPO. While it was deferred for inclusion in 
	2017, the Saudi bourse is now very confident that it would be added to the 
	Russell FT Emerging Market Index by March 2018, as well as the MSCI Emerging 
	Market Index by June.
	Passive capital flow
	If these happen, then it will ensure that a local Tadawul Aramco IPO listing 
	would attract significant passive capital inflow investments, with some 
	estimating this at around $ 60 billion, as the Saudi Tadawul would be 
	allocated a certain percentage weighting in these indexes and investors 
	would, in effect, be “buying into” the Tadawul index and the Aramco listing. 
	Passive investment funds that replicate MSCI indexes would need to put 4 
	percent of their funds allocated to emerging market indexes into Saudi 
	shares to match the country weighting. Will a local listing close the door 
	to an international offering? A Saudi only initial listing does not preclude 
	an international listing at a later stage as this would provide more time 
	for Aramco to carry out its internal structural and governance reforms and 
	produce the necessary audited accounts on a regular basis, which can then 
	ensure that any future incremental IPO listings to the initial 5 percent is 
	well received by international investors. In the end, a final decision on 
	when and where to list Aramco will be made in good time and after taking all 
	factors and advise into consideration by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, 
	who oversees the kingdom’s economic and oil policies as he juggles the 
	multi-faceted implications of such a listing that involves geo- political 
	relations, as well as a hard headed risk analysis and maximizing financial 
	rewards. As the Energy Minister said, the company is too important to the 
	Kingdom to expose it to any possible risk, however remote, in the future. In 
	the meantime, everyone is still going to be guessing on the when’s and the 
	where’s of this long awaited mega IPO.
	
	Abbas’ deplorable legacy: Beginning of the end?
	Ramzy Baroud/Al Arabiya/March 25/18
	“May God demolish his home,” was one of the statements attributed to 
	Palestinian Authority President, Mahmoud Abbas in response to US President 
	Donald Trump’s decision to defy international law and accept Israel’s 
	designation of Occupied Jerusalem as Israel’s ‘eternal and undivided 
	capital’.That was on January 14. A few days ago, Abbas referred to David 
	Friedman, the ardent rightwing and pro-Israel US Ambassador to Israel as a 
	“son of a bitch.”
	Abbas feels beleaguered, disowned by Washington and a victim of an elaborate 
	US-Israeli plot that has cost Palestinians precious time, land and lives, 
	while leaving him with nothing but an embarrassing political legacy. Abbas 
	is not angry because the US has betrayed its role in the so-called “peace 
	process”, but rather because he always perceived himself as a member in the 
	American camp of “moderates” in the Middle East. Now, however, he matters 
	little. Abbas and his authority were paid billions of dollars which were 
	never accounted for because of entrenched corruption among the Ramallah 
	ruling elites.
	The US, now run by the most pro-Israel administration in years, has no role 
	for Abbas. They have disowned him and proceeded to imagine a ‘solution’ in 
	Palestine that is purely in the interests of Israel.
	A recent meeting chaired by leading pro-Israel officials in Washington, 
	including Jared Kushner, was dubbed a “brainstorming session” on how to 
	solve the Gaza crisis – without the involvement of a single Palestinian.
	Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s attitude toward 
	Palestinians is reminiscent of the past. Not until the late 1980s did the US 
	even acknowledge that the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) was a 
	representative of the Palestinian people. Since Abbas rested all hopes on 
	Washington, he is left with no plan B. Even the Europeans – who are 
	supposedly unlike the hawkish US administration – have neither the will, 
	desire nor political clout to replace the US.
	They have often served as lackeys to US foreign policy, and it would not be 
	easy, if at all possible for any European government to replace the US as 
	the new “honest peace broker.”Since Abbas rested all hopes on Washington, he 
	is left with no plan B. Even the Europeans – who are supposedly unlike the 
	hawkish US administration – have neither the will nor political clout to 
	replace the US
	Lack of popularity
	Abbas’ popularity and authority among Palestinians are negligible. In fact, 
	most Palestinians in the West Bank want him to step down. However, at 83 and 
	despite suffering from ill health, Abbas is holding onto what little power 
	he has.
	It may appear that during this time of political uncertainty and isolation, 
	it would be advantageous for Abbas to reach out to his political rivals in 
	Hamas and other groups. However, the opposite is true, as he has accused 
	Hamas of an assassination attempt on PA Prime Minister, Rami Hamdallah.
	On March 13, while on his way to the besieged Gaza Strip, two 33-pounds 
	bombs targeted Hamdallah’s convoy, of which one exploded.
	Hamdallah was visiting Gaza through the Israeli border checkpoint, Erez, to 
	open a large sewage treatment plant that, if allowed to operate regularly, 
	will ease life for hundreds of thousands of Gazans, who have endured a 
	debilitating and brutal Israeli siege since 2006.
	Hamdallah’s visit was also seen as another important step in the 
	reconciliation efforts between the two main Palestinian factions: Fatah, led 
	by Abbas, in the Occupied West Bank and Hamas, led by former Prime Minister, 
	Ismael Haniyeh in Gaza.
	Although reconciliation efforts have for years, been half-hearted at best, 
	the latest round of talks between both groups, held in Cairo in October last 
	year, resulted in a breakthrough. This time, Palestinians were told that the 
	two factions are keen on establishing unity, ending the siege on Gaza and 
	revamping the largely dormant PLO institutions.
	Hamas and the Islamic Jihad were to join the PLO at some point in the 
	future, leading to the formulation of a unified Palestinian political 
	program. And, perhaps, this keenness at ending the rift has led to the 
	attempt on Hamdallah’s life.
	Last October, Hamdallah led a delegation of Fatah PA officials to Gaza to 
	“end the painful impacts of divisions and to rebuild Gaza brick by brick.”
	Rekindled hope
	Since Israel destroyed much of Gaza’s infrastructure and thousands of homes 
	in the summer of 2014, Gaza – already reeling under a hermetic siege and the 
	impact of previous wars – has been in ruins. Hamdallah’s visit rekindled 
	hope among Gazans and all Palestinians, that respite is on the horizon.
	Hamas’ insistent attempts to break from its isolation seemed to be finally 
	bearing fruit. Abbas’ party also moved forward with the unity arrangements, 
	although for its own reasons. Fatah has been dysfunctional for years, and 
	the imminent exit of Abbas has inflamed intense rivalry among those keen to 
	succeed the aging leader.
	Supporters of Mohammed Dahlan who was ejected by Abbas years ago and is 
	currently based abroad, would like to see him back in a position of power. 
	The US and Israel are following these developments closely. They, too, have 
	favorites and are vested in the future of Fatah to sustain the status quo.
	Those who want Hamdallah dead are likely not targeting the Prime Minister 
	for his own ideas or policies but for what he represents – a PA leader 
	capable of achieving a long-term understanding with Hamas. Killing Hamdallah 
	also means ending or at least, obstructing, the unity efforts, discrediting 
	Hamas, and denying Abbas and his leadership the necessary political capital 
	to secure his legacy.
	Of course, there are those in Fatah, including in Abbas’ own office, who 
	accused Hamas of trying to kill Hamdallah. Hamas did more than deny the 
	accusations but, within one day of the apparent assassination attempt, 
	announced that it had apprehended suspects behind the explosion. The main 
	suspect, Anas Abu Khoussa was killed in clashes in a Gaza refugee camp.
	Amira Hass noted, Hamas “could not have any interest in attacking senior 
	Palestinian Authority officials on their way to inaugurate a sewage 
	treatment plant that residents of the Gaza Strip have long awaited.”
	Existing disagreements
	One should, however, not undermine the seriousness of the still existing 
	disagreements between Hamas and Fatah that have thus far derailed the 
	implementation of the unity agreement.
	The main point of conflict is over Hamas’ fighting force. Hamas refuses to 
	compromise on the issue of armed resistance, and Abbas insists on the 
	dismantling of Hamas’ armed group, Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
	Although Hamdallah survived, the bombing achieved some of its objectives. A 
	senior PA official told AFP that “Abbas decided no members of Hamdallah’s 
	government would travel to Gaza in the short term ‘due to the security 
	problems.’” While this might not be the end of reconciliation, it could 
	possibly be the beginning of the end.
	Shunned by the US, relegated by triumphant Netanyahu, and incapable of 
	forging lasting unity with Hamas or mobilizing Palestinians, Abbas’ legacy 
	is reaching a humiliating end.
	Considering that it was Abbas that empowered the US and Israel – through 
	engaging in their political gambit and “security coordination” – he has no 
	one to blame but himself. Nothing he could possibly say or do at this stage 
	will alter his legacy or win him respect among disenchanted and angry 
	Palestinians.
	
	Some causes for concern following John Bolton 
	appointment
	بعض الأسباب التي تستدعي القلق بعد تعيين جون بولتون
	Ron Ben-Yishai/Ynetnews/March 25/18
	
	http://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/63435
	Analysis: The current makeup of the Trump administration doesn’t bode well, 
	not only for Iran but also for North Korea and China, Putin, Assad and EU 
	leaders. Netanyahu should be satisfied on the surface with the appointment 
	of a clear friend of Israel as the new national security adviser, but the 
	IDF might want to check its war reserve stores just in case.
	Tehran woke up Friday morning to an unfavorable situation for the Iranians. 
	The dismissal or resignation—it’s not entirely clear yet—of General H.R. 
	McMaster from the position of US President Donald Trump’s national security 
	adviser, and his replacement with former US Ambassador to the United Nations 
	John Bolton, points not only to the disorder in the top echelon of the 
	American administration and in the White House, but mainly to a foreign and 
	security policy that favors conflicts over settling disputes through 
	diplomacy.
	The national security adviser who was dismissed or stepped down on Thursday 
	evening, a decorated general with extensive experience in the battlefields 
	of Iraq and Afghanistan, was against a US withdrawal from the nuclear 
	agreement with Iran. Bolton, on the other hand, has publicly called on the 
	administration several times to abandon what he defines as a bad agreement.
	He isn’t the only one. The new secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, who replaced 
	Rex Tillerson several weeks ago, is a diplomatic and security hawk who has 
	also called for a cancellation of the nuclear agreement with Iran and for a 
	conflict with North Korea. Pompeo, who came to the State Department from the 
	leadership of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States, 
	was replaced by Gina Haspel, who shares his thoughts and is possibly even 
	more radical than he is.
	The current makeup of the Trump administration doesn’t bode well not only 
	for Iran but also for North Korea and China, and likely for Russian 
	President Vladimir Putin, Syrian President Bashar Assad and leaders of the 
	European Union countries as well.
	The Iranians are facing a clear dilemma now. They will have to agree to 
	restrain their ballistic missile program and make amendments to their 
	nuclear agreement with the world powers—or suffer harsh economic sanctions, 
	which will badly affect the Iranian economy. On the other hand, they may 
	decide to stop playing by the rules and move forward towards a nuclear bomb, 
	risking an American airstrike on their nuclear facilities and missile.
	These are basically the two strategic alternatives that will be have to be 
	considered now by Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei and the ayatollahs. 
	The Europeans will also have to double their efforts from now on and 
	convince Iran to accept the compromise they are working on with the US, in a 
	bid to prevent Trump from walking away from the nuclear agreement. The 
	Iranians will likely become more attentive to Europe's leaders, after they 
	realize that the alternative could be a military conflict with the US.
	Assad should prepare himself
	Another equally important strategic issue which will likely be reexamined in 
	light of the changes in the US administration’s foreign and security policy 
	is the planned meeting between Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.
	The new national security adviser, who served as ambassador to the UN under 
	President George W. Bush, argued recently that the meeting with the North 
	Korean leader was a “waste of time,” based on the experience of previous US 
	administration that had reached agreements with Pyongyang and then saw them 
	violated. 
	A cancellation of the meeting, which is scheduled to take place in late May, 
	could create a new explosive situation in East Asia, in the Korean Peninsula 
	and in Japan. But that’s not all. The Trump administration recently 
	announced new sanctions on Russia. Bolton and Pompeo will likely demand an 
	even more hawkish policy.
	The Chinese president should be as concerned as Putin. The recent US 
	announcement on tariffs on steel and other products imported from China is 
	essentially a first step towards a trade war with China under the “America 
	First” slogan.
	Assad, who is using chemical weapons against his own citizens, has a real 
	cause for concern too. Rex Tillerson was a moderating factor in the American 
	administration. Secretary of Defense James Mattis represents a level-headed 
	approach too, not now he is a minority in the administration, and if Assad 
	uses chemical weapons once again, he should take a harsh American response 
	into account. In fact, Assad has already started preparing for such an 
	option in after being told by the Russians that the Americans could attack 
	him at any given moment.
	If US is perceived as unreliable, Israel suffers too
	Jerusalem allegedly has a cause for celebration. Bolton, the new national 
	security adviser, is a clear friend of Israel. So is US Ambassador to the UN 
	Nikki Haley and new Secretary of State Pompeo. They are all in favor of 
	moving the embassy to Jerusalem and they all support Trump’s oppositional 
	approach towards America’s enemies in the international arena and towards 
	its economic competitors.
	Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu can be satisfied, therefore, as his 
	approach towards the nuclear agreement with Iran seems to be supported now 
	not only by the president but by the entire American security-diplomatic 
	echelon, perhaps excluding Secretary of Defense Mattis, who listens to the 
	what the Pentagon generals tell him. 
	My advice to IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot, however, is to check the war 
	reserve stores, so we don’t accidentally find ourselves involved in a war we 
	didn’t initiate as a result of the unpredictable, zigzagging conduct of the 
	US president and his senior administration officials.
	Netanyahu can be satisfied with other issues as well, like the approach 
	towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In the current state of affairs, 
	Trump likely won’t rush to present his plan for peace in the Middle East. 
	There is a good chance that he will shelve it for a long time, perhaps even 
	a year.
	But the current Israeli government and Israel’s citizens should have a cause 
	for concern, not so much because of President’s Trump conflict-seeking 
	policy and his walk on the edge when it comes to international and strategic 
	issues, but because of the disorder in the White House. In his 14 months in 
	office, Trump has replaced three national security advisers. This is 
	something that has never happened in US history. The national security 
	adviser in the American administration is as important and sometimes even 
	more important than the secretary of state, and is almost equal in status to 
	the secretary of defense. He is the man who whispers in the president’s ear 
	and briefs him every morning. He is the man the president trusts.
	The replacement of three national security advisers indicates, therefore, 
	that Trump is incapable of taking advise and, most importantly, that he has 
	no self-discipline and no willingness to accept organized strategic planning 
	that presents him with all the options from which he must pick out one. He 
	has zero attention span and works according to intuition rather than 
	according to strategic planning and discretion. Another problem is that 
	there is no one in the administration now to present an opinion that 
	contradicts the president’s opinion. Contradicting opinions are important, 
	as they force all sides to reconsider and reach optimal decisions.
	In Israel, we experienced a similar situation in the Second Lebanon War, 
	when a prime minister who had just taken office, and had appointed a defense 
	minister and chief of staff with little experience, entered a war without 
	realizing he was entering a war. He and his cabinet were convinced that they 
	were initiating a limited battle, and we all know what happened next. The 
	same thing could happen with Trump, but at a much larger scale and with 
	major ramifications.
	If we’re already making comparisons, I should say that while the Second 
	Lebanon War was managed terribly, we have been enjoying a relative calm in 
	the north for the past 11 years thanks to the Israel Air Force. President 
	Trump’s unreasonable conduct and the chaos in his administration could have 
	positive results too. The Iranians may, for example, reach the conclusion 
	that they shouldn’t get involved in a conflict with an unpredictable 
	American president at this time. But that’s a gamble, and no one wants 
	matters of war and peace, of life and death, to be in the hands of a man who 
	is an obsessive tweeter and who declares war and then changes his mind, and 
	so on and so forth.
	We must remember that America’s international standing has a direct effect 
	on the State of Israel’s security. The US is our patron. That doesn’t mean 
	we’re incapable of defending ourselves, but America’s strength is an 
	important component in Israel’s deterrence against its enemies, primarily 
	Iran. If the US is perceived in the world as an unreliable country that 
	can’t be trusted, Israel suffers too.
	
	https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5194967,00.html