LCCC ENGLISH DAILY NEWS BULLETIN
September 16/2019
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani
The Bulletin's Link on the lccc Site
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Bible Quotations For today
So then you are no 
longer strangers and aliens, but you are citizens with the saints and also 
members of the household of God
Letter to the Ephesians 
02/17-22/:”Jesus came and proclaimed peace to you who were far off and peace to 
those who were near; for through him both of us have access in one Spirit to the 
Father. So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are citizens 
with the saints and also members of the household of God, built upon the 
foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the 
cornerstone. In him the whole structure is joined together and grows into a holy 
temple in the Lord; in whom you also are built together spiritually into a 
dwelling-place for God.”
Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese 
Related News published on September 15-16/2019
Hariri Expresses Lebanon Solidarity with KSA after Attack on Aramco
Richard Hails 'Partnership' with Lebanon as USS Ramage Visits Country
Hezbollah's New Missile Capable Of Destrying All Military Battlships,
French Pressure Pushes Lebanon to Combat Tax Evasion
France, Lebanon Condemn Attacks on Saudi Oil Facilities
Hariri, Jumblatt convene in Clemenceau
Berri meets with family of released Lebanese emigrant Hassan Jaber in Ain al-Teeneh
Rahi wraps-up his pastoral visit to Lehfed, Mayfouq and Jaj: Let us remain 
steadfast in our faith, values and loyalty to the nation in the face of crises
Parliamentary, judicial and medical delegation visits Switzerland at the 
invitation of DCAF
Sit-in at Khiyam Detention Camp to protest Fakhouri's return to Lebanon
Derian: Let our conference be a struggle to rally around the strong, capable 
national state
Jumblatt: The dream of independence, sovereignty and prosperity fades, unless a 
miracle occurs...!
Jarrah commends COLIF initiative in organizing a dinner banquet with proceeds 
devoted to supporting Lebanon's Civil Defense, says "Lebanon's emigrants remain 
its real wealth and salvation"
Shooting at a security patrol in Muqneh, no injuries reported
Boustani: Talk of possible sanctions affecting Christians a mere psychological 
pressure
Okais criticizes summoning of journalists for a political opinion disturbing to 
authorities
Kataeb MP Nadim Gemayel Called on State and Officials to Assume their 
Responsibilities Before It's Too Late
Kataeb Leader Affirmed that Bachir Gemayel's Party Is Loyal, Steadfast to His 
Approach
Kataeb MP Nadim Gemayel Commemorates Father on 37th Assassination Anniversary
Kataeb Officials Pay Tribute to Martyr President Bachir Gemayel
Hankache Asserts that Bachir's Cause Will Not Die
The Fishermen of Ras Beirut: Reviving the fishing culture in Beirut and honoring 
its fishermen
Hezbollah, Israeli brinkmanship continues in the face of ratcheting tensions
Hariri is telling the world: Hezbollah is your problem, not ours
Bourj Hammoud, the little Armenia in the heart of Beirut/Samar Kadi/The Arab 
Weekly/September 15/2019
Que veux-tu que je te dise, Bach ?
Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports 
And News published on September 15-16/2019
White House does not rule out Trump-Rouhani meeting after Saudi attacks
Pompeo Condemns Iran following Drone Attacks on Saudi
Iran Refutes U.S. Accusations over Saudi Attacks
Trump tells Saudi Crown Prince US ready to help protect Kingdom’s security
US failed at ‘max pressure’: Iranian foreign minister
Saudi FM condemns Netanyahu pledge to annex West Bank’s Jordan Valley
UAE waiting for results of Saudi Arabia’s drone attack investigation: Official
Drone entered Kuwaiti airspace early Saturday morning: Report
Israel approves new settlement two days before polls
Saudi Bourse Slumps after Oil Facility Attacks
Turkey says delivery of second S-400 battery complete
Tunisia Heads to Polls for Keenly Fought Presidential Contest
Titles For The Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous 
sources published on September 15-16/2019
Hezbollah's New Missile Capable Of Destrying All Military Battlships/Jerusalem 
Post/September 15/2019
The Fishermen of Ras Beirut: Reviving the fishing culture in Beirut and honoring 
its fishermen/Annahar/Manal Makkieh and Sandra Abdelbaki/September 15/2019 
Hezbollah, Israeli brinkmanship continues in the face of ratcheting 
tensions/Simon Speakman Cordall/The Arab Weekly/September 15/2019
Hariri is telling the world: Hezbollah is your problem, not ours/Mohamad Kawas/The 
Arab Weekly/September 15/2019
Bourj Hammoud, the little Armenia in the heart of Beirut/Samar Kadi/The Arab 
Weekly/September 15/2019
Que veux-tu que je te dise, Bach/Ronald Barakat/September 15/2019
To Win Re-Election, Bibi Netanyahu Is Waging ‘Wars’ at Home and Abroad/Neri 
Zilber/Daily Beast/September 15/2019
Tunisians to Elect a New President/Sarah Feuer/The Washington 
Institute/September 15/2019
The Americans will see attack on Saudi oil as an attack on them/Mark Stone/SkyNews/September 
15/2019
Can Banks Survive Negative Rates/Satyajit Das/Bloomberg/September, 15/2019 
The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News 
published 
on September 15-16/2019
Hariri Expresses Lebanon Solidarity with KSA after Attack on Aramco
Naharnet/September 15/2019
Prime Minister Saad Hariri on Sunday condemned the drone attacks 
that targeted Saudi oil giant Aramco, stressing Lebanon’s solidarity with the 
kingdom. In a statement, Hariri said the development is a “dangerous escalation 
that threatens to expand the zone of conflicts in the region.”“This aggression 
puts great responsibilities on the shoulders of the international community in 
terms of deterring all the tools of aggression and terrorism that are invading 
the Arab countries and subjecting regional stability to further entanglement in 
roving conflicts,” the premier added. “We in Lebanon stress our solidarity with 
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and consider the aggression against it a chapter of 
a wave that is targeting the Arab Gulf and regional and international security,” 
Hariri went on to say, urging all Arabs to “show solidarity in order to foil the 
threats that are surrounding our countries.”The drone strikes Saturday on 
Aramco's processing plants in Abqaiq and Khurais knocked 5.7 million barrels per 
day off production, close to six percent of global crude supplies. The 
disruption represents half the output of the kingdom, which is the world's 
biggest oil supplier. Yemen's Iran-aligned Huthi rebels have claimed 
responsibility for the attack but U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo blamed 
Tehran, saying there was no evidence it was launched from Yemen. "Iran has now 
launched an unprecedented attack on the world's energy supply," Pompeo said.
Richard Hails 'Partnership' with Lebanon as USS Ramage Visits Country
Naharnet/September 15/2019
The United States Navy’s USS Ramage (DDG-61), an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, 
entered the port of Lebanon for a one-day goodwill visit on Friday on the 
sidelines of its participation in “ongoing efforts to ensure freedom of 
navigation and free-flow commerce in the eastern Mediterranean,” the U.S. 
embassy said.The USS Ramage is named for Vice Admiral Lawson P. Ramage, a 
notable submarine commander and Medal of Honor recipient from World War II. 
During the visit to Lebanon, U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon Elizabeth Richard and 
U.S. Navy Vice Admiral James Malloy hosted an on-board reception for U.S. and 
Lebanese officials. The Ambassador and the Vice Admiral highlighted “the ongoing 
commitment of the United States to be a strong and enduring partner for the 
Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), with the goals of enhancing military-to-military 
cooperation and promoting security and stability in the region,” the embassy 
said in a statement. Specifically, Ambassador Richard explained that, “this 
remarkable U.S. ship, docked in this remarkable Lebanese city speaks volumes 
about the partnership between the U.S. and Lebanese militaries.”“That’s the 
important word: partnership. In speaking about our relationship with the 
Lebanese Armed Forces, people often focus on the specific military equipment 
that we’ve provided to the LAF – aircraft, artillery, Bradley fighting vehicles, 
Humvees, ammunition, etc. However, our military relationship is much broader 
than just equipment, and this ship visit is a wonderful opportunity to reflect 
on how far our partnership has come,” Richard added. “Thousands of LAF officers 
have trained with us in the United States, and they are also hosting our U.S 
military trainers on Lebanese bases, working side by side at all ranks. We have 
conducted joint exercises and shared best practices and innovations. And, yes, 
the U.S. military is a partner that can bring a ship like this to the port of 
Beirut, even in the midst of all the maritime challenges and tensions happening 
in the world right now,” the ambassador went on to say. She added: “Many of our 
efforts and joint activities have been focused on land, where the LAF has made 
important gains in securing its borders and defeating terrorist threats. But our 
partnership also extends to the sea. The LAF has developed plans to improve its 
naval capabilities, and the U.S. is strongly supporting those efforts.”Richard 
also stressed that Washington remains “committed to helping the Lebanese people 
during a period of very difficult economic challenges.” “We are helping 
strengthen the Lebanese institutions that will defend the country’s sovereignty. 
And we are helping to anchor Lebanon to the community of democracies, which will 
safeguard the regional stability and security on which Lebanon’s economic future 
depends – including -- and perhaps especially -- at sea,” she said. The 
ambassador noted that as the Eastern Mediterranean’s gas resources are developed 
by countries in the region, and “hopefully soon by Lebanon itself,” maritime 
security will only become more important.
Hezbollah's New Missile Capable Of Destrying All Military 
Battlships,
Jerusalem Post/September 15/2019
"Our new missile is capable of destroying all military battleships, killing all 
who are on board," wrote a Hezbollah activist on Twitter.
A twitter account affiliated with Hezbollah posted a photo of the terror 
organization's new missile on Sunday afternoon, which he says is capable of 
destroying all military battleships. "Our new missile is capable of destroying 
all military battleships, killing all who are on board," wrote the Hezbollah 
activist, who often posts photos of South Lebanon Army (SLA) members and their 
families who have moved to Israel, announcing that they are being called to 
trial. In August, Hezbollah released footage and pictures of the anti-ship 
missile that struck the INS Hanit during the 2006 Second Lebanon War, an 
incident that killed four Israeli soldiers in one of the most significant 
attacks against the IDF in the war. In a documentary called #Army_To_Be_Drowned 
aired on Hezbollah’s al-Manar TV channel marking the war the group aired 
reconnaissance footage of the ship from the Lebanese coastline, preparations for 
the launch of the missile, the operations room which directed the strike as well 
as nighttime footage which showed the impact of the Chinese-made C-802 anti-ship 
cruise missile. According to al-Manar, Hezbollah’s navy commander “Hajj Jalal” 
said the rocket was launched from the Beirut suburb of Ouzai after “the Zionist 
enemy esaclated its attacks on various Lebanese areas.”Adding that the group’s 
leadership delayed the operation for several hours, Jalal said that the group 
“could have struck Israel‘s warship SAAR-5 in the 2006 war before it entered 
Lebanon’s international waters,” he said.
*Yasser Okbi contributed to this report.
French Pressure Pushes Lebanon to Combat Tax Evasion
Beirut - Mahasen Morsel/Asharq Al-Awsat/Sunday, 15 September, 2019
During a recent visit, the French envoy in charge of following up the decisions 
of the CEDRE Conference urged Lebanon to put an end to tax and customs evasion, 
as a necessary measure to stop state budget squandering. Ambassador Pierre Dukan 
also called for other reform measures, most notably the implementation of the 
2019 budget, the adoption of the 2020 budget within the constitutional 
deadlines, the reduction of spending and the implementation of the electricity 
plan. Dukan drew up a roadmap for the Lebanese state, starting with the 
assertion that extracting gas and oil was not a “magic remedy” that will change 
the situation for the better, which prompted the government to prove its 
willingness to apply the reforms pledged during the CEDRE Conference, beginning 
with the tax and customs evasion file. Customs evasion is a major sign of 
corruption that eats away at the state's revenues and takes many forms, 
including legalized smuggling, through the reduced or falsified bill of consumer 
goods entering Lebanon in large quantities through the port or airport. In 
remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, former minister Fadi Abboud noted that the state 
loses more than $500 million a year in tax evasion.
As for customs evasion through illegal crossings, it amounts to $5 billion, 
depriving Lebanon of revenues exceeding one billion dollars, divided between 
customs duties and VAT. According to the World Bank, more than 40 percent of 
sales and purchase operations are made without VAT. Lebanon’s GDP is estimated 
at $60 billion, and the tax rate on profits is at least 10 percent among 
individuals, institutions and companies.
France, Lebanon Condemn Attacks on Saudi Oil Facilities
Asharq Al-Awsat/Sunday, 15 September, 2019
France condemns attacks on Saudi oil facilities that have disrupted global 
production, the country’s foreign ministry said on Sunday. “France firmly 
condemns yesterday’s attacks on the Abqaiq and Khurais oil installations,” the 
ministry said in a statement that also expressed “complete solidarity” with 
Saudi Arabia. “These actions can only worsen regional tensions and risk of 
conflict,” the French statement added. “It is imperative that they 
stop.”Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri slammed on Sunday the attacks, deeming 
them a “dangerous escalation that threatens to widen the arena of conflicts in 
the region.”
He said the attacks demand that the international community assume major 
responsibilities to put an end to “aggression and terrorism that are sweeping 
through the Arab world and jeopardizing regional stability.” US Secretary of 
State Mike Pompeo on Saturday accused Iran of launching attacks on Saudi oil 
plants, ruling out the involvement of the Tehran-aligned Houthi militias in 
Yemen. The Houthis claimed credit for the attacks, but Pompeo firmly placed 
blame on Iran. “Tehran is behind nearly 100 attacks on Saudi Arabia while 
Rouhani and Zarif pretend to engage in diplomacy,” Pompeo said, referring to 
Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani and Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif. “Amid 
all the calls for de-escalation, Iran has now launched an unprecedented attack 
on the world’s energy supply,” he added.
Hariri, Jumblatt convene in Clemenceau
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019
Prime Minister Saad Hariri visited this evening Progressive Socialist Party 
Chief Walid Jumblatt at his Clemenceau residence. Attending the meeting was also 
Industry Minister Wael Abu Faour and former Minister Ghattas Khoury.
Berri meets with family of released Lebanese emigrant 
Hassan Jaber in Ain al-Teeneh
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019 at 19
House Speaker Nabih Berri received at Ain al-Teeneh Palace this evening the 
brothers and family members of Lebanese emigrant, Hassan Jaber, who was detained 
at Addis Ababa Airport during his return to Lebanon, who came to thank Berri for 
his support in this case. Attending the meeting was also the Continental Council 
Head at the Lebanese World Cultural League Abbas Fawaz, and Head of the Lebanese 
Community in Gabon Imad Jaber. On emerging, Jaber said: "We came to thank His 
Excellency, House Speaker Berri for his efforts in following-up on the case of 
my brother, Hassan, with all its details from the very beginning, alongside the 
Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs."He added: "We must also thank the Gabonese 
government, which played a role in the return of Haj Hassan Jaber to Gabon, and 
who will be in Lebanon in the next two days."
Jaber concluded by revealing that "the visit was also an occasion to listen to a 
briefing by Speaker Berri on the nature of the problems faced by Lebanese 
emigrants abroad, especially relating to the airlines issue," noting that the 
Speaker promised to follow-up on this matter and ensure all possible support to 
Lebanese emigrants in this respect.
Rahi wraps-up his pastoral visit to Lehfed, Mayfouq and Jaj: 
Let us remain steadfast in our faith, values and loyalty to the nation in the 
face of crises
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019 
Maronite Patriarch, Cardinal Bechara Boutros al-Rahi, called Sunday on the 
Lebanese to remain steadfast in their faith, values and loyalty to the homeland 
and the need to safeguard and preserve it in the face of crises. Concluding his 
two-day pastoral visit to the district of Jbeil which included the villages of 
Lehfed, Mayfouq and Jaj, the Patriarch presided over a Mass service at 'Mar Abda 
Church" in Jaj this evening. In his religious sermon, Rahi urged politicians to 
work to lift the burdens off the shoulders of citizens in wake of their growing 
economic, social and livelihood disress. "We appeal to the political community 
to implement the plan for the economic advancement of all Lebanese sectors, to 
undertake the necessary reforms in the country's various structures and 
departments, and to work hard, courageously and impartially to put an end to 
corruption and to control smuggling," the Patriarch underlined. "It remains up 
to all of us to maintain our unity within our religious, cultural and partisan 
pluralism," he added. "The value of Lebanon lies in its pluralism and national 
unity, in its civil rather than religious citizenship, and in living together, 
Christians and Muslims, in cooperation, solidarity and equality," affirmed al-Rahi.
Parliamentary, judicial and medical delegation visits 
Switzerland at the invitation of DCAF
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019
At the invitation of DCAF, a Lebanese delegation comprising senior political, 
judicial and medical figures arrived in Switzerland where they visited the House 
of Parliament and had the chance to meet with the Attorney General in Canton. 
The delegation included Head the Administration and Justice Parliamentary 
Committee, MP George Adwan; Head of Parliamentary Health Committee, MP Issam 
Araji; Judges Sobouh Sleiman, John Azzi, Ziad Mekna and Rana Akoum; Head of 
Judicial Police, Head of Scientific Laboratories, Head of Research and Accidents 
Laboratory, Roumieh Prison Officer, Physician in charge of forensic medicine, MD 
in charge of prisoners' health and DCAF's designated official responsible for 
"Security and Justice Governance" in Lebanon Rabih Qais. The delegation had the 
opportunity to visit the Palace of Justice and meet with the judges of the 
criminal courts in Geneva. The encounter was a chance to learn that out of 23 
judges, 3 were of Lebanese origins, including Judge Philip Haddad from the town 
of Deir al-Qamar. The delegation also attended a criminal trial session, visited 
central scientific laboratories and one of the largest prisons in Geneva. Its 
members met as well with the President of DCAF.A banquet was held in honor of 
the visiting delegation by the Permanent Representative of the Lebanese Mission 
to the United Nations and international organizations, Ambassador Salim Baddoura, 
and Lebanon's Ambassador to Switzerland, Rola Noureddine. The overall tour was 
an occasion for the delegation to acquire useful legal and scientific 
information and expertise to develop laws, forensic work and gathering of 
evidence, particularly those relating to the verification and combating of 
torture.
Sit-in at Khiyam Detention Camp to protest Fakhouri's 
return to Lebanon
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019 
The National Committee of Prisoners and Released Detainees organized a sit-in in 
the courtyard of Al-Khiyam detention camp on Sunday to denounce the return of 
Amer Elias al-Fakhouri to Lebanon, demanding his trial for crimes he committed 
against detainees during the time of occupation by the Israeli enemy in the 
South. Participating in the sit-in was a group of freed prisoners and several 
deputies, political figures and human rights activists. Delivered words centered 
on rejecting the return of agents to the country, regardless of their 
affiliation, without punishment.
Derian: Let our conference be a struggle to rally around the strong, capable 
national state
NNA -Sun 15 Sep 2019
Grand Mufti of the Republic, Sheikh Abdul Latif Derian, affirmed Sunday that 
"the state is the one that reflects to the world the good management of public 
affairs, and the state is the guardian of religion, so that it maintains its 
unanimous and stable customs and doctrines."
"It is also the state that regulates our relations with the world and the 
international community: nations, organizations and world order," added Derian, 
speaking at the opening ceremony of the 30th General Conference of the Supreme 
Council for Islamic Affairs, which kicked off its works in the Egyptian capital, 
Cairo, today. "Let our conference be a struggle to unite around a strong and 
capable national state, which safeguards society, achieves stability and 
prosperity, and in cooperation with scholars and religion, promotes a culture of 
tolerance, moderation and human brotherhood," stressed Derian.
"Our religious tasks require that we support security, safety and stability, 
improve people's lives, and ensure equality and justice," he asserted, noting 
that "security and adequacy resulting from coalition and unison are essential 
for social survival and political achievement."
Jumblatt: The dream of independence, sovereignty and 
prosperity fades, unless a miracle occurs...!
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019
Progressive Socialist Party Chief, Walid Jumblatt, tweeted on Sunday, saying: 
"Next year is the Centennial of Greater Lebanon...Yet, the challenges of its 
existence are growing day by day because the political and economic balances in 
the surroundings and on the internal scene cause the dream of independence, 
sovereignty and prosperity to diminish and fade away, only if a miracle were to 
occur....! But I am not one of those who believe in prediction or the 
interpretation of dreams, so I look sadly on parting dreams...."
Jarrah commends COLIF initiative in organizing a dinner banquet with proceeds 
devoted to supporting Lebanon's Civil Defense, says "Lebanon's emigrants remain 
its real wealth and salvation"
NNA -Sun 15 Sep 2019
Information Minister Jamal al-Jarrah considered that Lebanon's true wealth, 
rescue and salvation remain embodied in its emigrants, who are its real source 
of prosperity and fortune and symbolize its hope for a better future. "We are 
all betting on our emigrants, whether in France or Europe or in all the 
countries of the world, through whom we can help Lebanon," said Jarrah. 
"Lebanon's real wealth, rescue and salvation, and the hope of restoring its 
previous status, remains forever in its emigrants who are capable of reflecting 
the notion of Lebanon as a homeland of coexistence, love and peace," he 
confirmed.
The Minister's words came in his address at the dinner banquet organized by the 
Council of Lebanese in France (COLIF), held in the historical hall of the 
municipality building within the framework of the "Week of Lebanon" activities 
taking place in the French capital.Jarrah praised the many valuable 
contributions that France has provided to Lebanon, affirming that "France is 
proactive in this matter from Paris I to Paris II to Paris III to the Cedar 
Conference, which allocates huge sums of money for aiding Lebanon and its 
infrastructure, and for supporting its economy and annual budget."He recalled 
herein the quote by His Holiness, Pope John Paul II in saying that "Lebanon is 
not only a country, but a message," stressing that "we must all carry this 
message in the best way to the whole world, through which we can, alongside the 
country's cultural, civilized, and religious diversity, help Lebanon and its 
people.""Our gathering today is an opportunity to meet the distinguished and 
creative Lebanese activists who always bear the name of Lebanon in their hearts 
and minds, and place it in the most important positions and shoulder its 
responsibility," said Jarrah, hoping that they would one day return to their 
homeland and partake in its renaissance. The Information Minister concluded by a 
word of gratitude to the organizers of the event, especially that its revenues 
are intended for supporting the Civil Defense in Lebanon. "This is a great idea 
because the emigrants in France always think of Lebanon and of people who 
sacrifice their lives to save others, for the Civil Defense works to defend and 
protect all Lebanese and the entire Lebanon," Jarrah corroborated.
Shooting at a security patrol in Muqneh, no injuries reported
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019
An Internal Security Forces (ISF) patrol unit was subjected to open fire by 
unknown gunmen while it was inspecting a plateless black four-wheel "CRV" 
vehicle parked by the road in the town of Muqneh, reported NNA correspondent in 
Baalbek this afternoon. There were no casualties as a result of the shooting, 
while the vehicle in question was found to be stolen and was confiscated by the 
ISF patrol unit for further investigation.
Boustani: Talk of possible sanctions affecting Christians a mere psychological 
pressure
NNA - Sun 15 Sep 2019
MP Farid Boustani assured via his Twitter account on Sunday that "the talk about 
sanctions possibly impacting Christians is nothing but a form of psychological 
pressure and intimidation." He added: "The Strong Lebanon Bloc is committed to 
its national cause, based on building a state of law and institutions and social 
justice, and will never deviate from its path."
Okais criticizes summoning of journalists for a political 
opinion disturbing to authorities
NNA -Sun 15 Sep 2019
"Strong Republic" Parliamentary Bloc Member, MP George Okais, tweeted Sunday 
saying: "In 2007, the United Nations decided to mark September 15 as the 
International Day of Democracy, and to monitor nations' respect for the concepts 
of democracy...On this occasion, Lebanon was spotted marking this day by 
summoning journalists for a political opinion that seemed upsetting to the 
authorities....Happy Democracy Day!"
Kataeb MP Nadim Gemayel Called on State and Officials to 
Assume their Responsibilities Before It's Too Late
Kataeb.org/ Saturday 14th September 2019,
Kataeb MP Nadim Gemayel on Saturday marked the 37th assassination anniversary of 
President-Elect Bachir Gemayel, expressing disdain as the national sovereign 
line is dispersed. During the ceremony held in Ashrafieh, the lawmaker 
reiterated his call for a unity among factions, sects and citizens to be able to 
confront illegal arms and the attempt to occupy Lebanon and take over the state. 
“All of Lebanon and the Lebanese will not succumb to Hezbollah”“In 1975, we 
united our fronts to liberate Lebanon from the Palestinian invasion and again in 
2005 to expel the Syrian occupation; if we do not join forces once more, no one 
will take us seriously while the cause is delicate and important,” he warned. 
“The plan needs more courage and vision than in the past because the looming 
danger nowadays facing all the Lebanese is the mother of all risks and 
problems,” he notified. Gemayel indicated that the problem with Hezbollah is 
that it is derailing out of Lebanon's sovereignty, pledging its loyalty to Iran 
and its goals are not for the sake of Lebanon. “Unfortunately, as in 1975, all 
the state components and institutions are accomplice to Hezbollah and must be 
freed from the irresolute state,” he urged. He called on the state and officials 
to assume their responsibilities, before the dreaded outcome occurs. “Bachir’s 
message instructed us to stay united and gathered,” he stated, adding “it 
implored a consolidation of efforts and forces to face the opponent and enemy 
trying to obtrude on us.”“The Kataeb party will carry on its political battle to 
follow Bachir’s line so that Lebanon lives,” he stressed.
Kataeb Leader Affirmed that Bachir Gemayel's Party Is 
Loyal, Steadfast to His Approach
Kataeb.org/ Saturday 14th September 2019,
Kataeb leader Samy Gemayel on Saturday saluted President-Elect Bachir Gemayel on 
his 37th assassination anniversary and his martyred comrades, pledging his 
commitment to the cause which he advocated. “If we departed from the cause, no 
one will carry it on after us, if the cause persisted any official can take it 
up,” Gemayel said in a speech during the ceremony held in Ashrafieh. “We follow 
in your footsteps everyday in our lives and not just on September 14. You have 
taught us to say the truth no matter what,” Gemayel stated in his address to the 
late President. “Lebanon is in dire need for the truth to be told, and what 
better than today to utter it?”“Everything Bachir warned about and the mistakes 
done in the past are being committed today,” he indicated. “The government’s 
absence and the collective surrender to illegal arms which have destroyed our 
country and people, are being enacted today as well,” he affirmed. “They are 
opening the door for illegal arms to spread out on all territories and for 
others to hijack our decision-making power, fate and future again,” he slammed. 
The Kataeb leader criticized that the ruling authority has relinquished the 
country's sovereignty and surrendered to Hezbollah, allowing external powers to 
seize peace and war decision-making mechanism without taking heed. He lambasted 
that the ruling authority's silence over such suppressive actions makes it an 
accomplice, indolent and submissive, ensuring that the Kataeb party remains 
loyal, steadfast and defiant to Bachir’s approach.
“Politicians bankrupted the country and changed the face of Lebanon with their 
fabricated deals which we are paying the price for,” he criticized.
"They commit atrocious acts and then hide behind Bachir’s picture at a time of 
settlements, deals and defeat,” he chastised. “My comrade president, at each 
crossroad your party’s politburo heals and wonders what you would have done had 
you and martyr Pierre Amine Gemayel and the founder Pierre Gemayel and all of 
our martyrs been here?”“Would Bachir have handed over the state’s 
decision-making power and elected someone who does not believe in Lebanon’s 
sovereignty and would he have yielded to the partitioning approach and abandoned 
the cause for the sake of a “pasteboard” seat?”
“I refer to it as a “cardboard” seat because the decision does not lie in their 
hands given that the de facto ruler is elsewhere taking orders from another 
place,” he declared. “We hear you from beyond the grave as you articulate that 
one can never be defiant yet an accomplice, in support of surrender and 
partitioning at the same time,” he said, adding that “we must keep a lookout to 
defend our constants.”“Your party did not wane in the face of the authority. It 
shut the door of the state when met with transgressions on the country’s 
interest” “Your party is steadfast and defiant, rejecting victory at the 
country’s expense. It refused to triumph except with the people,” he declared, 
vowing to follow the path of Bachir’s principles. “My comrade president, the 
project to build a free, sovereign, independent, civilized, democratic, 
developed, plural, transparent, competent, humane country is recalled in your 
speech,” he pointed out. “You believed that Lebanon cannot be constructed 
without granting rights to the human being regardless of his sectarian and 
territorial affiliations. You believed in the Lebanese human who revives his 
country. Today, we continue defending this person”
“Your party is steadfast, a force of change whose goal is to establish the time 
of change you’ve aspired to” “We are honest with the people and share their pain 
and sacrifice, thus we walk with our heads held high and we are ready to hold 
the people’s hands, under the condition that they go back to your approach and 
cause” “Those in power are bidding on people’s reluctance to hold them 
accountable but I reassure you that your people have given politicians a chance 
but were deceived with false slogans,” he affirmed that the people won’t be 
fooled again. “Your party is strong and deeply-rooted in your mentality. It is 
only concerned with Lebanon’s interest and we will not compromise the martyrs’ 
constants,” he asserted.
Kataeb MP Nadim Gemayel Commemorates Father on 37th 
Assassination Anniversary
Kataeb.org/ Saturday 14th September 2019
On the day of the 37th assassination anniversary of President-Elect Bachir 
Gemayel, Kataeb MP Nadim Gemayel reflected on his father’s dream which the 
country seems to be drifting further away from. “The country is out of control; 
it is tied to regional axes which we have nothing to do with. In addition, 
illegal arms are confiscating the state’s decision-making,” Gemayel told Voice 
of Lebanon radio station. “During Bachir’s reign, the country preserved a 
face-saving compromise and certain formalities which are missing nowadays,” he 
hailed.
“We did not perceive any official reaction to Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah’s 
statement linking Lebanon to Iran,” he blasted. “The Lebanese people gave 
justice to Bachir but the government won’t because it realized that if it wishes 
to compare itself to him, it will fall flat,” he appraised.
Kataeb Officials Pay Tribute to Martyr President Bachir 
Gemayel
Kataeb.org/ Saturday 14th September 2019
Kataeb chief Samy Gemayel on Saturday paid tribute to President-Elect Bachir 
Gemayel on his 37th assassination anniversary, expressing unwavering commitment 
to fulfill his dream of an independent Lebanon. “Lebanon witnessed 21 days of 
change during Bachir’s reign. Today, we pledged to restore this time and to 
achieve a free, sovereign, just, and civilized state where all the Lebanese are 
equal in rights and duties, in a country that corresponds with our youths’ 
dreams and ambitions,” Gemayel said in a tweet. In his turn, Kataeb MP Elias 
Hankache affirmed that “Bachir Gemayel and his comrades martyred to build a 
strong republic,” promising that it will be attained.
Hankache Asserts that Bachir's Cause Will Not Die
Kataeb.org/ Saturday 14th September 2019
Kataeb MP Elias Hankache on Saturday confirmed continuity of President-elect 
Bachir Gemayel’s constants and dream on the latter’s 37th assassination 
anniversary. “Bachir Gemayel proved to us that in 21 days we can realize what we 
dream of,” Hankache told Voice of Lebanon radio station ahead of the ceremony 
held in Ashrafieh. He deplored the country’s downfall, stressing that as long as 
there are youths who believe in Bachir’s cause, the cause will not die. “Bachir 
epitomized an important cause, otherwise the people wouldn’t have had zeal to 
hold this ceremony and renew their promise to him,” he mentioned. “We’ve 
overcome more difficult stages than we are now in,” he assured.
The Fishermen of Ras Beirut: Reviving the fishing culture 
in Beirut and honoring its fishermen
Annahar/Manal Makkieh and Sandra Abdelbaki/September 15/2019 
BEIRUT: For the past 50 years, the fishermen of Beirut have been striving to win 
the battle against the uncountable challenges hitting the sea of Lebanon. In 
this light and for the first time, Marwan Naamani, an avid photographer, hosts 
an exhibition titled: "The Fishermen of Ras Beirut", as part of the Beirut Image 
Festival this year. Under the Patronage of the President of the Council of 
Ministers-his Excellency Saad Hariri, in collaboration with the Municipality of 
Beirut, and with the support of the AUB Neighborhood Initiative and the Image 
Festival Association, Jamal Itani, the Mayor of Beirut, launched the exhibition 
on September 7 along the Corniche of Ain el Mreisseh. Running till October 4, 
the exhibition aims at honoring the fishermen of Beirut and reviving this kind 
of culture in the city. The exhibition entails pictures of fishermen from Ain el 
Mreisseh, Jall el Bahr, Manara and Dalieh. In these pictures, Naamani embraces 
the uniqueness of fishing in Lebanon practiced by Lebanese fishermen for 50 
years and highlights the challenges they face. “I like to take pictures of 
anything that is beautiful and that means to me,” Naamani told Annahar. “That’s 
why I take pictures of the fishermen in Beirut.”
Naamani believes that the culture of fishing in Beirut and in Lebanon is 
neglected by the government. “I believe that the fishermen don’t have their 
rights,” Naamani said. “Yet, this is not the only problem. Fishing is not 
practiced right in Lebanon. There are laws for fishing, but no one follows them, 
and the government couldn’t care less.”
Although the chaotic urban sprawl and real estate development have caused damage 
to the coast of Beirut, the Corniche remains one of the last breathing spaces in 
Beirut and many fishermen are still fighting to keep their trade alive. “I 
started fishing since I was only nine years old,” Ali Al Bayati, a Lebanese 
fisherman at Ain el Mreisseh, told Annahar. “When I go fishing, I feel like I’m 
taking a break from life for a while.”Today, however, several challenges 
discourage the Lebanese fishermen from practicing their hobby. Not only did 
these challenges lead to the decrease in the number of fishermen, but also to 
the gradual eradication of Beirut’s cultural heritage. These challenges are 
reported by many fishermen who have considered the shore as refuge for so long. 
“Lebanese fishermen, for example, don’t receive professional training like in 
other countries such as Egypt, Turkey, and Cyprus,” Al Bayati said. “They should 
receive a certificate that allows them to fish safely on the shore. Otherwise, 
people might be injured by their fishing rods.”
In addition to the government’s carelessness, water pollution is one of the main 
causes that lead to the deterioration of fishing. “Water pollution is one of the 
problems that constrain many types of migrant fish to stay out of the Lebanese 
sea zone,” Chami Al Masri, another fisherman who fishes in Beirut every summer, 
said. The four ports of Beirut are the only destinations for the Lebanese 
fishermen to settle in and release their stress. The peaceful sea, the lights, 
the people, and the streets enrich the fishermen’s sense of patriotism and 
belonging to Lebanon.“Our mission is to unite the fishermen,” Ramzi Haidar, a 
representative of the Union of Arab Photographers, said. “Let’s connect 
culturally with other countries in the MENA region and make our heritage alive 
again.”
Hezbollah, Israeli brinkmanship continues in the face of 
ratcheting tensions
Simon Speakman Cordall/The Arab Weekly/September 15/2019
TUNIS - The conflict between Hezbollah and Lebanon’s neighbour Israel has 
escalated, with the exchange of fire over what might be a situation creeping 
towards open warfare. However, analysts cautioned against reading too much into 
recent exchanges between Israeli forces and Hezbollah in a contest that often 
relies more on perceived threat than tangible action. Almost since the beginning 
of Hezbollah’s deployment in support of Syrian President Bashar Assad, Syria has 
served as a conduit for weapons channelled from Iran to Hezbollah. That is not 
lost on Israel, with numerous unclaimed strikes on Hezbollah-controlled arms 
factories in Syria, all of which have been attributed to Israel. However, 
tensions appear to have escalated. Hezbollah fighters claimed to have shot down 
an Israeli drone on September 9 over Ramyeh in southern Lebanon. A week earlier, 
Hezbollah and Israeli forces exchanged fire in an apparent response to an 
Israeli drone entering Lebanese airspace to drop incendiary material on a border 
forest. There has been an accompanying war of words. Beyond the expected 
denunciations by Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri of alleged Israeli 
incursions into Lebanese airspace have been proclamations by Hezbollah 
General-Secretary Hassan Nasrallah, who threatened strikes against Israeli 
drones over Lebanese territory.
Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, emboldened by what he is said to 
regard as the unflinching support of US President Donald Trump, has been accused 
of capitalising on Israel’s tensions with Hezbollah as he seeks re-election and 
possible prosecution on corruption charges.
Despite the political vitriol, direct conflict between Hezbollah and the 
Israelis has been practically nonexistent since the war of 2006, which saw both 
sides take heavy casualties. Since then, Hezbollah has grown into one of the 
most potent non-state militias in the world, well-equipped by Iran and with its 
fighters experienced by their deployment into Syria.
Israel’s wariness is likely justified, Jack Kennedy, senior analyst for MENA at 
IHS Markit, said. “Hezbollah has between around 120,000 and 150,000 rockets,” he 
said. “However, it’s not just the number of arms Hezbollah has, it’s their 
quality. “The Hezbollah arsenal is not highly accurate but it’s the 
consideration that Iran is trying to introduce that capability that is partly 
driving Israeli willingness to carry out strikes.”“Of course, Israel has missile 
defence systems but probably not enough to withstand that level of attack and, 
politically, it’s not clear if they could absorb the level of casualties an 
attack by Hezbollah might cause,” he said. That attack was by no means certain, 
he said. Given Hezbollah’s reliance on Iran, it is unlikely to be goaded into 
war without Tehran’s sanction. “Hezbollah is very much the tip of Iran’s spear,” 
Kennedy said. “[It is] unlikely to deploy that casually. Not least when Iran is 
countering threats on a much wider, global, scale.”It was a view echoed by 
Chatham House’s Yossi Mekelberg, who said: “However, just because it’s a war 
that no one wants doesn’t mean there’s no chance of them going to war. Lebanon 
exists in a near state of chaos, there’s no central state, which means there’s 
little to restrain Hezbollah. “At some point, at any time, a Hezbollah fighter 
could shoot the wrong person at the wrong time and then [Israeli Military 
Intelligence Director Herzi] Halevi’s threat of making Lebanon ‘a country of 
refugees’ becomes very real.”
For a US administration that has consistently backtracked or contradicted itself 
on foreign policy issues, Mekelberg said, expecting consistency is hazardous. 
“You really don’t know what they’re going to do,” he said. “Right now, Trump is 
making noises about meeting (Iranian President Hassan) Rohani. Say he does that 
ahead of the 2020 US elections and position himself as the great peacemaker. 
What’s Netanyahu going to do then, assuming he wins re-election himself?”
Hariri is telling the world: Hezbollah is your problem, not 
ours
Mohamad Kawas/The Arab Weekly/September 15/2019
It is remarkable that Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri addressed the 
international community to declare that the problem of Hezbollah’s weapons is a 
regional and international issue, not a Lebanese one.
His announcement may indirectly coincide with Lebanese President Michel Aoun’s 
discovery that local and international conditions have changed and no longer 
call for an internal dialogue to find a defence strategy to protect Lebanon.
It is also noteworthy that Hezbollah did not comment on Hariri’s remarks to US 
cable news channel CNBC about what was understood to be his government’s 
disavowing the Hezbollah’s weapons and behaviour.
Hezbollah also remained quiet about Hariri’s submitting the issue to a level of 
treatment that goes beyond the capabilities of the Lebanese state and places the 
problem within the scope of the US conflict with Iran. Hezbollah’s weapons have 
been deemed legitimate in a statement by the Council of Ministers.
Hariri was telling international capitals interested in Lebanon’s affairs, its 
stability, its role in the region, its economy and energy reserves at the bottom 
of its continental waters that Hezbollah does not rule the country but controls 
the decision of war and peace in it.
He was delivering to whom it may concern the message that, as head of the 
government of an independent, sovereign country, he was confirming that 
Hezbollah’s address was not in Lebanon, that the party’s decisions come from 
outside the country and that it cannot be dealt with from within Lebanon.
What can be understood of Hariri’s comments only weeks after his return from a 
controversial trip to the United States is that he is gradually seeking an 
internationalisation of the Hezbollah issue, not in the sense that might provoke 
the anger of the Lebanese domestic scene but in the strategic sense of what is 
being cooked up for the region. We can only understand from Hariri’s logic that 
he is calling on the international community to relieve Lebanon, with all of its 
political currents, sects and institutions, from the task of confronting a 
phenomenon that has arisen for reasons beyond Lebanon’s control and having to do 
with the policies adopted by the international community in dealing with Iran 
and its regime for four decades.
However, what Hariri was saying is fundamentally different from Aoun’s 
discourse. Some of the opinions expressed by Hariri’s inner political circle and 
even by his wider circles that are hesitantly reaching out to yesterday’s allies 
are in play here.
These circles say Hezbollah’s weapons have confiscated the prestige of the state 
and the unity of its decision on fundamental issues of sovereignty. The weapons 
glorify the culture of the mini-state, threaten the country’s internal cohesion 
and shake its internal stability. They contribute to the chaos and total 
disregard for the country’s institutions, its standing in the world and its 
foreign relations.
By considering the issue of Hezbollah’s weapons as an external one, Hariri is 
saying he does not believe in the necessity of them for Lebanon’s defence, 
contrary to what Aoun has been reiterating.
Aoun says the party’s weapons are Lebanese in their agenda of defending the 
country and that they are a structural part of its defence system that should 
not be rejected but protected by the state and the government.
While Hariri speaks of the “problem” that the decision of war and peace is in 
the hands of Hezbollah, Aoun does not see it that way and does not believe there 
is a need for internal dialogue to develop a defensive strategy that would end 
the phenomenon of Hezbollah’s weapons being outside the state system.
“Hezbollah is a regional problem,” said Hariri. Accordingly, he is demanding the 
controversy over the role of Hezbollah raised by Washington and its allies 
should not be linked to what this world can do to rid Lebanon of its economic 
burdens.
While there is much talk about tying up the release of the loans and grants 
garnered by the CEDRE Conference and the generosity of donor countries to 
certain conditions requiring the Lebanese state to rein in Hezbollah and seize 
its weapons, Hariri throws the hot potato into the lap of the world and donor 
countries using the simple logic that “it is your problem, not ours.”
In the US effort, led by David Schenker, the US assistant secretary of state for 
Near Eastern Affairs, there are indications that the United States’ new working 
rules will be dealing with Lebanon and Hezbollah as separate cases.
Washington is activating its mediation to end the land and sea borders dispute 
between Lebanon and Israel. Washington sends its envoy to the region, bearing in 
mind that the success of his mission requires dispelling the possibility of a 
new Israeli war against Hezbollah in Lebanon. No serious strategy can be adopted 
to close the border file, open energy exploration in Lebanese waters and 
activate the energy project in the Eastern Mediterranean region without 
seriously addressing the case of Hezbollah in Lebanon.
Israel continues to bring up the file of Hezbollah’s rocket factories and is 
militarily threatening the famous Tehran-Beirut corridor. The gas exploration 
operations eagerly anticipated by Washington, France, Italy, Russia and 
Mediterranean countries are ready to begin and release one of the world’s 
largest new riches.Arrangements are being made for the Syrian issue as well and 
the recent Turkish threats of releasing waves of refugee migration towards 
Europe seem to have reawakened the world’s attention to the region. In fact, 
files keep piling up in such a way that places Hezbollah and its role within 
them under closer scrutiny. By what is being leaked of Hariri’s declarations, 
the matter requires the involvement of the international community. However, 
Lebanon must decide whether it wants the world to deal with it as an independent 
state or whether it wants the world to accept the status quo and bless 
Hezbollah’s tutelage over the country just like it once blessed the tutelage of 
the Damascus regime.
Bourj Hammoud, the little Armenia in the heart of Beirut
Samar Kadi/The Arab Weekly/September 15/2019
BEIRUT - Walking through the modest alleyways of Bourj Hammoud takes visitors to 
a small replica of Armenia in the heart of Beirut. The language, the names of 
streets and the smells of spices and street food that emanate from bakeries and 
restaurants are all reminiscent of their country of origin, which Armenians were 
forced to leave fleeing genocide by the Ottomans.
“Armenians arrived in Lebanon in 1917. They walked from Turkey to Syria and 
Lebanon and settled in refugee camps in the outskirts of Beirut. The area has 
since developed into a neighbourhood Bourj Hammoud and has become an Armenian 
hub in the city,” explained Yerevant Shallagian, founder of the “Bourj Hammoud — 
Walking Tour with Street Food.”
Shallagian was born and raised in Bourj Hammoud. His love for his neighbourhood 
and his passion for the Armenian culture inspired him to work on this project to 
promote his culture and background.
“Since I work in Living Lebanon (a platform on travel and tourism in Lebanon), I 
have a lot of foreign friends coming here who wanted to know about Bourj Hammoud. 
I was taking them around and offering them Armenian dishes and one German friend 
told me I should do that as an official tour. So I said why not?” Shallagian 
said. “I never studied to be a tour guide. I am a local guy who likes to share 
what he loves about his city. I did as much as I can to share knowledge that I 
know and care about.”
Roaming the streets of Bourj Hammoud and interacting with residents offer 
visitors an insight into Armenian culture and traditions that Lebanon’s Armenian 
community of some 50,000 have maintained and preserved for more than a century. 
The tour begins at the main Rue d’Armenie (Armenia Street), which is lined with 
jewellry and gold shops. Armenians are famous for their craftsmanship and have 
established a reputation as Lebanon’s jewellers.
“When they arrived here, our ancestors learned new skills and made a living by 
working in gold. They also worked with leather, making shoes and bags and the 
women did embroidery, anything to bring food to the table,” Shallagian said.
The tour includes churches and workshops famous for producing shoes, bags and 
ready-to-wear clothes.
“We can make any bag design,” boasted Coco as he put the finishing touches on a 
silver, beaded clutch at his small workshop along a narrow pedestrian alley. “We 
also design and produce bags for a local brand ‘la Rose de Sym,’ all handmade.”
St Vartan’s Armenian Cathedral is the biggest of some ten churches in Bourj 
Hammoud. It was named after an Armenian leader who fought against the Persians 
in the fifth century. “Thanks to him we remained Christians; otherwise we would 
have been forced to convert to Islam. The architecture of the church, which was 
renovated in 2006, is very similar to churches in Armenia,” Shallagian said. 
Some of the narrow streets where flags of the Armenian revolutionary party, 
Tashnak, hang next to Armenian and Lebanese flags, have been renovated with 
donations from wealthy Armenians and foreign governments.
A memorial to the Armenian genocide, a small replica of a memorial stone in 
Yerevan, Armenia, stands in the heart of Bourj Hammoud. Each April, Armenians 
commemorate the genocide by marching from Bourj Hammoud to the Armenian 
patriarchate in Antelias, north of Beirut. “The 2-hour march is meant to mark 
how our ancestors walked from Turkey to Lebanon fleeing the genocide,” 
Shallagian explained.
Food tasting is also featured in authentic bakeries and restaurants, such as the 
Tahinov Hatz, a sweet pastry offered for breakfast; lahmajoon, the Armenian meat 
pie; and the famous Armenian sausage sujuk.
With a population of 15,000 Armenians, Bourj Hammoud is viewed as a little 
Armenia in the heart of the Lebanese capital. While first-generation Armenians 
could hardly speak any Arabic, young Armenians learn Arabic at school in 
addition to Armenian, French and English.
Gary Walsh, an Australian participant, commented on the tour: “I did not know 
what to expect but I really came away with lots of appreciation and knowledge of 
what it means to be Armenian in Lebanon.”
“I do feel it is something I would not have found for myself. It gave me a real 
taste of Armenian culture,” he said.
“Bourj Hammoud — Walking Tour with Street Food” takes place every Tuesday. It 
began in June and Shallagian said he hopes it will gain popularity soon.
He said that, in addition to introducing Armenian culture, “the tour aims to 
change the perspective of Bourj Hammoud, which is regarded as a low-income 
suburb, while it is actually a place where Armenians have built a civilisation.”
Que veux-tu que je te dise, Bach ?
Ronald Barakat/September 15/2019
Cher Bachir,
Cette année, je n’avais ni le cœur à la fête du 23 août, ni à la « défaite » du 
14 septembre. Notre défaite à nous, à long terme. Pas la tienne. Toi, tu avais 
posé les jalons avant de partir. Tu as mis les bouchées doubles pendant les 22 
jours de « règne », comme si tu pressentais quelque chose. Tu as tracé le chemin, 
rédigé la feuille de route, mis le train national sur les rails (après un long 
déraillement) et le doigt sur toutes les plaies, prescrit les remèdes politiques, 
sociaux et économiques, brisé la langue de bois pour lui substituer une langue 
de foi, de feu et de vérité, ouvert le chantier national, établi le plan des 
travaux, dressé la longue liste des réformes, abordé les sujets qui font de nous 
des « objets », à savoir le confessionnalisme, le clientélisme, le suivisme, 
l’antipatriotisme, et fourni les moyens d’y remédier, dénoncé la « mazraa » et 
insisté sur l’urgence de l’éradiquer, construit le cadre des 10452 km2… bref tu 
as presque tout fait avant de faire. On n’avait qu’à appliquer à la lettre tes 
recommandations et tes discours ! Tu as livré toute la marchandise avant terme ! 
Bien entendu, il fallait un exécutant et « exécuteur » de ta trempe pour faire 
du rêve une réalité, mais avec un peu de sagacité et de bonne volonté, un 
tantinet de clairvoyance, un minimum de sentiment national, un petit effort 
collectif égal à ton effort individuel, on aurait pu faire avancer les choses. 
Au moins réduire drastiquement l’espace de cette « mazraa », si ce n’est 
l’éliminer… mais pas la laisser s’étendre sur toute la longueur, la largeur, la 
hauteur et la profondeur de la carte et répandre partout sa puanteur ! La 
puanteur des ordures politiciennes mêlée à celle des déchets amoncelés ici et là 
sur des décharges d’infortune, en bordure de la mer, mais qui valent une 
fortune.
Pardonne-moi, mais j’ai honte, à la fin, de célébrer le 23 août et de commémorer 
le 14 septembre pour la trente-septième fois équivalant à trente-sept fausses 
promesses ! Je ne peux plus te mentir ! Je ne peux plus te regarder dans les 
yeux ! Je ne peux plus renouveler mon échec pour la énième fois. Je ne peux plus 
me contenter de dénonciations et de harangues stériles. Tu me dis que je n’y 
suis pour rien, que j’ai fait ce que j’ai pu, mais quand même, je me sens 
responsable. Moi et les miens, et les tiens. On aurait pu mieux faire. On aurait 
pu rester unis au lieu de nous quereller, et parfois nous entretuer ! Pour le 
leadership, pour le pouvoir, pour l’argent. Ce qui a permis à nos voisins de 
palier, puis tous ceux du corridor de prendre possession de notre demeure, avec 
la complicité des membres de notre maisonnée ! Ceux-ci ont changé de nom de 
famille nationale. Pas plus tard qu’hier, il y en a un, en turban, qui s’est dit 
de la famille Khamenei ! Avant lui c’était la famille Assad. Après… je ne sais 
pas s’il y aura un après. Tout ce que je sais, c’est que j’ai honte de me 
présenter à toi cette année, de déposer cette gerbe qui va se faner plus vite 
que les précédentes. Qu’avons-nous fait de ton héritage ? Qu’est devenu ton 
esprit ? L’esprit d’un peuple ? Qu’est devenu le peuple ? Il s’est déchiré en 
peuplades communautaires, sectaires, tribales. Il s’est transformé en meutes de 
races confessionnelles distinctes, dressées pour la chasse à courre sous la 
sonnerie du cor des « zaïms » respectifs et non respectables.
Qu’est devenu l’État ? Sous la coupe d’un mini-État dont l’armée extranationale 
mène des opérations selon des règles d’engagement établies par son « mini-gouvernement 
» qui se dit relever de Dieu, qui suit les directives d’un « dieu » extérieur, 
qui fait la pluie et le beau temps, et ce au mépris de l’armée nationale, de son 
état-major et du gouvernement.
Qu’est devenue cette présidence de république ? Soi-disant forte ? Cette 
présidence ou « résidence » symbolique, pathétique, amorphe, depuis ta 
présidence exemplaire, prometteuse ?
Qu’est devenue la république ? Celle que tu voulais laïque, démocratique, 
moderne, aux valeurs humanistes, garante des libertés et des droits de la 
personne Que sont devenus les pouvoirs publics ? À l’ombre des intérêts privés 
et face à tant d’impuissance et d’incurie ? Qu’est devenue la justice ? Elle n’a 
même pas, à ce jour, pu exécuter son propre arrêt contre tes assassins qui 
longent la frontière en toute impunité en narguant les autorités libanaises. Où 
est le mandat d’amener ? Où est la notice d’Interpol ? Trente-sept ans plus tard, 
toi et tes compagnons n’êtes toujours pas vengés !
Que veux-tu que je te dise, Bach? Que je t’énumère tous ceux qui, après toi, 
sont tombés pour un Liban souverain sans que justice ne leur soit rendue ? Y 
compris un autre président de la république ? Un mufti ? Un premier ministre ? 
Des ministres ? Des députés ? Des journalistes ? Des conseillers ? Des juristes 
? Des intellectuels ? Des citoyens au mauvais endroit, au mauvais moment ?
Qu’est devenu ton Liban ? Celui des 10452 km2 ? Quadrillé en carrés de sécurité, 
en zones de non-droit, en territoires autonomes régis par le religieux ? D’un 
côté une organisation islamiste qui interdit l’alcool et de l’autre un 
archevêché qui interdit des spectacles.
Qu’est devenu le pays du cèdre, éventré de carrières, déboisé, bétonné, asséché, 
obscurci, inondé, pollué, enfumé, assourdi, empesté, infesté ?
Que veux-tu que je te dise à ton 37ème anniversaire ? Que je serai meilleur au 
prochain rendez-vous ? Qu’à ton 38ème anniversaire ton Liban se portera mieux ? 
Que ton legs aura été récupéré ? Que les Libanais seront devenus plus libanais 
que chrétiens, musulmans ou druzes ? Plus libanais que FL, Futur, PSP, CPL, Amal 
et Hezbollah ? Plus libanais que syriens, iraniens et saoudiens ? Que justice 
aura été faite aux martyrs ? Qu’ils pourront reposer en paix ? Et voir se 
réaliser les prémices du rêve pour lequel ils se sont sacrifiés ? Pourvu que je 
puisse te le dire, non au prochain rendez-vous certes, mais à l’un de ces 
lointains rendez-vous. J’espère pouvoir te le dire de vive voix, lorsque mon 
tour viendra de te rejoindre. J’espère !
Entretemps, laisse-moi me cacher, me terrer loin de ton pénétrant, lancinant 
regard. Laisse-moi voir comment faire pour le soutenir la prochaine fois, 
comment faire pour te rendre fier de moi ! Pour être digne de toi ! De ton 
message, de ton sacrifice. Laisse-moi voir comment te mériter, comment pouvoir 
te dire autre chose que des louanges à ta personne. Tu n’as jamais aimé être 
louangé, ni voir en nous des louangeurs. Laisse-moi voir comment te rendre 
compte de ce que j’ai fait, et non pas t’annoncer ce que je compte faire, et te 
faire de fausses promesses. Laisse-moi voir comment me tenir devant toi avec des 
promesses tenues ! Te faire entendre du nouveau. De bonnes nouvelles. Une bonne, 
au moins, pour une fois. De quoi me soulager et te réjouir !R.B.
The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News 
published on September 15-16/2019
White House does not rule out Trump-Rouhani 
meeting after Saudi attacks
Reuters, Washington/Sunday, 15 September 2019
The White House on Sunday did not rule out a potential meeting between President 
Donald Trump and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, even after Washington accused 
Iran of being behind drone attacks on Saudi oil facilities. White House adviser 
Kellyanne Conway said the attacks on Saturday “did not help” prospects for a 
meeting between the two leaders during the United Nations General Assembly this 
month but she left open the possibility it could happen. “I’ll allow the 
president (Trump) to announce a meeting or a non-meeting,” Conway told the “Fox 
News Sunday” program. The Trump administration’s sanctions and “maximum 
pressure” campaign on Iran over its nuclear and ballistic missile program will 
continue whether or not the two leaders meet, she added. However, Conway said, 
“You’re not helping your case much,” by attacking Saudi Arabia, civilian areas 
and critical infrastructure that affects global energy markets. Iran has denied 
allegations made by US Secretary of State Pompeo that it was behind the attacks 
on plants in the heartland of Saudi Arabia’s oil industry, including the world’s 
biggest petroleum processing facility. Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthi group claimed 
responsibility for the attacks, which have disrupted Saudi oil output. Pompeo 
said Iran was behind nearly 100 attacks on Saudi Arabia while leaders in Tehran 
“pretend to engage in diplomacy.”
Saudi Arabia and Shiite-led Iran back opposing factions across the Middle East, 
from Yemen and Syria to Lebanon and Iraq. Saudi Arabia is leading a military 
coalition to back Yemen’s internationally recognized government against the 
Houthis. Washington, a staunch ally of Riyadh, has adopted a tough anti-Iran 
“maximum pressure” policy to force Tehran to negotiate a broader deal that 
further curbs its nuclear program, restricts Tehran’s ballistic missile work and 
ends its support for regional proxy forces. Conway said the US Energy Department 
is prepared to tap into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve after the attacks on 
Saudi oil facilities if needed to stabilize the global energy supply. “We have 
energy under our feet and off our shores, and this president is leading the way 
to responsibly develop it so that when Iran attacks Saudi Arabia over 100 times, 
we are prepared to take action to protect our own interests,” she said.
Pompeo Condemns Iran following Drone Attacks on Saudi
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/September 15/2019
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has condemned Iran following drone attacks 
on oil facilities in Saudi Arabia, which had been blamed on Yemeni rebels. The 
top U.S. diplomat did not specifically name Tehran as the perpetrator of the 
attacks that led to fires at two key Saudi Aramco facilities, but said, "Iran 
has now launched an unprecedented attack on the world's energy supply.""There is 
no evidence the attacks came from Yemen," Pompeo said on Twitter. "We call on 
all nations to publicly and unequivocally condemn Iran's attacks. The United 
States will work with our partners and allies to ensure that energy markets 
remain well supplied and Iran is held accountable for its aggression."
Iran Refutes U.S. Accusations over Saudi Attacks
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/September 15/2019
Iran on Sunday dismissed as "meaningless" U.S. accusations it was behind drone 
attacks on Saudi oil installations, suggesting Washington was seeking a pretext 
to retaliate against the Islamic republic. "Such fruitless and blind accusations 
and remarks are incomprehensible and meaningless," foreign ministry spokesman 
Abbas Mousavi was quoted as saying in a statement. US Secretary of State Mike 
Pompeo condemned Iran after Saturday's attacks, which knocked out half of the 
kingdom's oil production. Yemen's Iran-aligned Shiite Huthi rebels claimed 
responsibility, but Pompeo said "there is no evidence the attacks came from 
Yemen". Mousavi said the allegations over the pre-dawn strikes on the Abqaiq and 
Khurais in Eastern Province were meant to justify actions against Iran. "Such 
remarks... are more like plotting by intelligence and secret organizations to 
damage the reputation of a country and create a framework for future actions," 
he said. Arch-foes Tehran and Washington have been at loggerheads since May last 
year, when President Donald Trump pulled the U.S. out of a 2015 deal that 
promised Iran relief from sanctions in return for curbs on its nuclear program. 
Since the withdrawal, the United States has slapped crippling sanctions on Iran 
as part of a campaign of "maximum pressure". "The Americans have taken the 
policy of 'maximum pressure' which has apparently turned into 'maximum lying' 
due to their failures," said Mousavi.
Trump tells Saudi Crown Prince US ready to help protect 
Kingdom’s security
Staff writer, Al Arabiya English//Sunday, 15 September 2019
Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman received a phone call from US 
President Donald Trump following the drone attacks on oil production facilities 
in the Kingdom. During the phone call on Saturday, Trump also affirmed 
Washington’s readiness to cooperate with the Kingdom to supports its security 
and stability, according to a statement on the Saudi Press Agency. The US 
President stressed the negative impact of the terrorist attacks that targeted 
two Aramco facilities on the American and global economy. “For his part, the 
Crown Prince stressed that the Kingdom has the will and ability to confront and 
deal with this terrorist aggression,” the statement on SPA added. Saudi Arabia’s 
Ministry of Interior said on Saturday that drone attacks caused fires at two 
Saudi Aramco facilities, adding that the blazes are under control. One of the 
facilities is located in Abqaiq, near Dammam in the Kingdom's Eastern Province. 
The other facility is located in the Hijrat Khurais oilfield.
US failed at ‘max pressure’: Iranian foreign minister
Reuters, Dubai/Sunday, 15 September 2019
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said in a tweet on Sunday that the 
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo “failed at max pressure” and is turning to 
“max deceit.”“Having failed at “max pressure”, @SecPompeo’s turning to “max 
deceit”.. US & its clients are stuck in Yemen because of illusion that weapon 
superiority will lead to military victory. Blaming Iran won’t end disaster,” 
Zarif said on Twitter. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Saturday blamed Iran 
for the drone attacks which hit two of Saudi Arabia’s Aramco oil installations 
and were claimed by Yemen’s Iran-backed Houthi militia, saying that “Iran has 
now launched an unprecedented attack on the world’s energy supply.”Iran 
dismissed as “pointless” US claims that Tehran was behind the drone attacks, the 
Iranian foreign ministry spokesman said earlier on Sunday.
Saudi FM condemns Netanyahu pledge to annex West Bank’s 
Jordan Valley
Staff writer, Al Arabiya English/Sunday, 15 September 2019
Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Ibrahim Assaf said on Sunday that the new Israeli 
measures are invalid and everything resulting from them is rejected by the 
Kingdom, after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced he is convening his 
final pre-election Cabinet meeting in a part of the West Bank he's vowed to 
annex if re-elected. Al-Assaf also condemned the “dangerous escalation” by 
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, calling for the international 
community to hold Israel accountable for its violations against the Palestinian 
people. The comments were part of an emergency Organization of Islamic 
Cooperation taking place in Jeddah and called for by Saudi Arabia. For his part, 
Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority Riyad al-Maliki 
said that the Palestinian Authority’s leadership appreciates Saudi Arabia’s 
quick reaction in condemning the Israeli stance. Al-Maliki added that 
Netanyahu’s pledge to annex the West Bank’s Jordan Valley goes against 
international agreements and resolutions, stating that it is a continuation of 
Israel’s attempts to “forge the geography and history of Palestine.”“The Israeli 
violations against the Palestinian people are happening with an American 
approval,” al-Maliki said.
UAE waiting for results of Saudi Arabia’s drone attack 
investigation: Official
Reuters, Abu Dhabi/Sunday, 15 September 2019
The United Arab Emirates is waiting for the conclusions from Saudi Arabia’s 
investigation into Saturday’s drone attacks, foreign ministry official Hend Mana 
al-Otaiba said on Sunday. Al-Otaiba said in a media briefing, which previewed 
the UAE's priorities in the upcoming United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 
that the country's focus is on “protecting and building the foundations of 
prosperity: stability, security, healthy institutions, rule of law, diverse 
economies and peaceful coexistence.”Al-Otaiba also said the UAE continues to 
support the United Nations and its special envoy’s diplomatic efforts in Yemen. 
She added that the UAE will meet its full aid commitment to Yemen for this year. 
The UAE delegation to the UNGA will include al-Otaiba, Minister of State for 
Foreign Affairs Anwar Gargash and Minister of State for International 
Cooperation Reem Al Hashimy. Al-Otaiba said one of the UAE delegation’s key 
objectives during the UNGA would be to strengthen multilateral cooperation and 
the role of international organizations such as the UN.
Drone entered Kuwaiti airspace early Saturday morning: 
Report
Staff writer, Al Arabiya English/Sunday, 15 September 2019T
A drone violated Kuwait's airspace early on Saturday, Kuwaiti newspaper al-Rai 
reported, and hovered at nearly 250 meters above group close to the Dar Salwa 
presidential palace. “The drone was large at about three meters in length and 
the size of a small car,” al-Rai quoted a source as saying. The newspaper said 
and the drone hovered over Dar Salwa presidential palace for a period, ignited 
its headlights for one minute and then entered Kuwait City airspace.The incident 
appears to have taken place at the same time drone attacks caused fires at two 
Saudi Aramco facilities before dawn on Saturday.
Israel approves new settlement two days before polls
AFP, Jerusalem/Sunday, 15 September 2019
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government approved a new settlement 
in the occupied West Bank on Sunday, his office said, just two days ahead of 
closely fought general elections. Netanyahu's cabinet agreed to turn the wildcat 
settlement of Mevoot Yericho in the Jordan Valley into an official settlement, 
the premier's office said. All settlements are viewed as illegal under 
international law, but Israel distinguishes between those it has approved and 
those it has not. Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Ibrahim Assaf said on Sunday 
that the new Israeli measures are invalid and everything resulting from them is 
rejected by the Kingdom.
Saudi Bourse Slumps after Oil Facility Attacks
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/September 15/2019
Saudi shares slumped at the start of trading Sunday, the first session after 
drone attacks on two major oil facilities knocked out more than half the OPEC 
kingpin's production. The Tadawul All-Shares Index, which tracks the Arab 
world's largest capital market, sank three percent, shedding some 200 points in 
the first few minutes before regaining some of the losses. Just under one hour 
into the session, TASI was down 1.50 percent at 7,715 points. The key energy 
sector plunged 4.7 percent, while the telecom and banking sectors each slid 
three percent. The market was also affected by an announcement from the Saudi 
Basic Industries Co. (SABIC), one of the world's largest petrochemicals 
producers, that the industry faced a shortage of raw materials. It did not name 
the reason but said the issue arose on Saturday -- the day of the drone attack. 
Other bourses in the Gulf also dropped. Dubai Financial Market was down 1.1 
percent, Abu Dhabi and Qatar markets declined 0.4 percent each, while Kuwait 
shares sank 0.8 percent and Bahrain's bourse slid 0.9 percent. 
Oman's shares were flat.
Explosives-laden drones struck the processing plants at Abqaiq and Khurais in 
the Eastern Province early on Saturday morning, knocking out some 5.7 million 
barrels per day of crude oil production and around two billion cubic feet of 
natural gas output. The Abqaiq plant handles some seven million bpd of crude oil 
and billions of cubic feet of natural gas. State-owned energy giant Aramco in 
March acquired 70 percent of SABIC, the largest capitalized firm on the Saudi 
market, for $69.1 billion.
Turkey says delivery of second S-400 battery complete
Reuters, Ankara/Sunday, 15 September 2019
Turkey’s defense ministry said on Sunday the delivery of a second battery of 
Russian S-400 missile defense systems has been completed, adding that the 
systems would become active in April 2020. Ankara and Washington have been at 
loggerheads over Turkey’s purchase of the S-400 systems, which the US says are 
not compatible with NATO defenses and poses a threat to Lockheed Martin’s F-35 
‘stealth’ fighter jets. The initial parts of the system were delivered to Ankara 
in July despite warnings about possible US sanctions over the purchase. The US 
has also expelled Turkey from the F-35 program, but Ankara has so far dismissed 
the warnings. In a statement, the defense ministry said the delivery of the 
second S-400 battery to Ankara was completed. Efforts to mount the systems and 
train personnel who will use them were continuing, it said, adding that it 
planned to activate the S-400s in April 2020. Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut 
Cavusglu told an interview with CNN Turk on Saturday that the S-400s would be 
activated despite repeated US warnings. “They (US officials) told us ‘don’t 
activate them and we can sort this out’, but we told them that we didn’t buy 
these systems as a prop,” Cavusoglu said, adding that Turkey would be open to 
buying US Raytheon Co Patriot systems as well. In an interview on Friday, 
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told Reuters he will discuss buying US 
Patriot missiles with US President Donald Trump this month, saying his personal 
bond with the US leader could overcome the crisis caused by the S-400s. On 
Monday, US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said the Trump administration was 
considering imposing sanctions related to Turkey’s purchase of the S-400 
systems, but no decisions have been made.The dispute over the S-400 systems is 
one of several issues straining ties between the US and Turkey that include the 
ongoing conflict in Syria, among others.
Tunisia Heads to Polls for Keenly Fought Presidential Contest
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/September 15/2019
Rarely has the outcome of an election been so uncertain in Tunisia, the cradle 
and partial success story of the Arab Spring, as some seven million voters head 
to the polls Sunday to choose from a crowded field. Key players include media 
mogul Nabil Karoui -- behind bars due to an ongoing money laundering probe -- 
Abdelfattah Mourou, who heads a first-time bid on behalf of his Islamist 
inspired Ennahdha party, and Prime Minister Youssef Chahed. The premier's 
popularity has been tarnished by a sluggish economy and a high cost of living, 
and he has found himself having to vehemently deny accusations that Karoui's 
detention since late August is politically inspired. Some 13,000 polling booths 
opened across Tunisia at 9 A.M. local time (0700 GMT) Sunday, with two dozen 
candidates vying for a five-year mandate. The election follows an intense 
campaign beset by personality clashes, albeit one with few clear political 
differences, brought forward by the death in July of 92-year-old president Beji 
Caid Essebsi. He had been elected in the wake of the 2011 revolt that overthrew 
former dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Publication of opinion polls has 
officially been banned since July, but one thing appears certain: many voters 
remain undecided, due to difficulties in reading a shifting political landscape. 
"I am undecided between two candidates -- I will decide in the polling booth," 
smiled one citizen, Sofiene, who added "honest candidates don't have much chance 
of winning". Some hopefuls have tried to burnish anti-establishment credentials 
in a bid to distance themselves from a political elite discredited by personal 
quarrels. One key newcomer is Kais Saied, a 61-year-old law professor and expert 
on constitutional affairs, who has avoided attaching his bid to a political 
party. Instead, he has gone door-to-door to drum up support for his conservative 
platform. 
Last minute withdrawals 
Another independent candidate is Defense Minister Abdelkarim Zbidi, a technocrat 
who is running for the first time. However, he has the backing of Essebsi's 
Nidaa Tounes party. The crowded field has been narrowed slightly by the 
last-minute withdrawal of two candidates in favor of Zbidi: former political 
adviser Mohsen Marzouk and businessman Slim Riahi. But Karoui's detention, just 
10 days ahead of the start of campaigning, has been the top story of the 
election. Studies suggest his arrest boosted his popularity. A controversial 
businessman, Karoui built his appeal by using his Nessma television channel to 
launch charity campaigns, handing out food aid to some of the country's poorest. 
But his detractors portray him as a would-be Silvio Berlusconi, the former 
Italian premier who they allege partly owns his channel.On Friday, an appeal to 
have the Tunisian mogul released from prison ahead of the election was rejected, 
his party and lawyers said, two days after he began what his defense team said 
was a hunger strike. The polarization between the different camps risks a 
derailment of the electoral process, according to Michael Ayari, an analyst for 
the International Crisis Group.
'Divisive' candidates
Isabelle Werenfels, a researcher at the German Institute for International and 
Security Affairs, has called the vote a democratic "test" because "it may 
require accepting the victory of a polarizing candidate," such as Karoui. 
Distrust of the political elite has been deepened by an unemployment rate of 15 
percent and a rise in the cost of living of close to a third since 2016. 
Jihadist attacks have exacted a heavy toll on the key tourism sector. Overseas 
voting stations for Tunisia's sizable expatriate population have been open since 
Friday. Some stations will remain open until 6:00 P.M., while others will close 
two hours earlier, for security reasons. Some 70,000 security agents will be 
deployed on Sunday, including 50,000 focused solely on polling stations, 
according to the interior ministry. Exit polls are expected overnight Sunday 
into Monday, but preliminary results are not expected from the electoral 
commission until Tuesday. The date of the second and final round has not been 
announced, but it must happen by October 23 at the latest and may even take 
place on the same day as legislative polls -- October 6. Those polls are 
supposed to be more significant, as Tunisia is an emerging parliamentary 
democracy. But several candidates have called for presidential powers to be 
beefed up, despite years of dictatorship under Ben Ali.
The Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous 
sources published 
on September 15-16/2019
To Win Re-Election, Bibi Netanyahu Is Waging 
‘Wars’ at Home and Abroad
Neri Zilber/Daily Beast/September 15/2019
Publicizing IDF operations, threatening to annex the West Bank, and making 
alarmist statements about polling stations and the press may help him eke out a 
victory, but at what cost to Israel’s security and standing?
Benjamin Netanyahu is firing in all directions these days. Facing a tight 
re-election bid next Tuesday, the long-serving Israeli prime minister has just 
in the last two weeks launched air strikes against multiple neighboring Middle 
Eastern countries, pushed back against a potential U.S.-Iran detente, attacked 
the local media and his own Arab citizens, and called into question the 
legitimacy of the entire electoral process. In a bid for every last right-wing 
vote, on Tuesday Netanyahu again promised to annex wide swaths of the West Bank 
if he were re-elected—a move that if implemented could spell the end of any 
two-state solution with the Palestinians and, with it, the end of Israel as both 
a democratic and Jewish state.
The impression is either of a master strategist in complete control, pulling 
multiple political, military and diplomatic strings both here and abroad; or, 
alternatively, a hysterical politician in the twilight of his reign doing 
everything within his ample powers to maintain a grip on power. There is, of 
course, the likelihood that it’s both.
The military dimension to Netanyahu’s recent offensive is arguably the most 
consequential precisely because it’s so out of character. Despite his hardline 
international reputation, Netanyahu is extremely cautious when it comes to the 
use of force. Yet, in the span of 24 hours late last month, Israeli aircraft 
reportedly struck Iranian-affiliated targets in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. 
In recent years Israel has admitted openly to launching hundreds of strikes 
inside Syria to forestall what officials here call Iran’s “military 
entrenchment” in its war-torn neighbor: Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 
personnel, Shiite militia fighters, and advanced weaponry like precision guided 
missiles. Such Israeli military action—officially termed the “campaign between 
wars,” since it’s intended to shear Iranian power ahead of any wider 
conflict—has now extended into Lebanon and Iraq. 
How do we know this? Because Netanyahu confirmed it. 
“I’m doing everything to protect the security of our country from all 
directions—from the north against Lebanon and [the pro-Iranian militia] 
Hezbollah, in Syria against Iran and Hezbollah, and unfortunately also in Iraq 
against Iran,” Netanyahu said on August 30 during a Facebook live chat with 
supporters, days after the reported strikes in those three countries.
A “senior Israeli defense source,” likely Netanyahu himself (who currently also 
doubles as defense minister), repeated similar claims a few days later to local 
military reporters. Indeed, the Israeli military has been extremely expansive in 
recent weeks detailing Iran’s efforts to arm Hezbollah with precision guided 
missiles on Lebanese soil. A drone attack in Beirut, in the heart of Hezbollah’s 
Dahiyeh stronghold, reportedly targeted high-value equipment meant to upgrade 
the Lebanese militia’s arsenal. Here, too, the military briefed reporters on the 
exact details of what allegedly was hit. 
This was all a sharp break from Israel’s usual policy of “purposeful ambiguity,” 
wherein it declines to take responsibility when something mysteriously blows up 
across the border—thus sparing its enemies blushes so as to avoid pushing them 
towards a response. (A limited response ultimately did come on September 1 in 
the form of a cross-border Hezbollah attack on an Israeli army jeep.)
To be clear: not even Netanyahu’s harshest domestic critics allege that, mere 
weeks before an election, he’s purposefully pushing the country into war. As The 
Daily Beast reported in February, there is widespread consensus that Iranian 
proxies armed with upgraded precision guided missiles are a severe threat to the 
country’s security, now deemed second only to Iran’s possible pursuit of a 
nuclear weapon. Most Netanyahu critics even accept the official position that 
the timing for these strikes was due to Iran’s escalating efforts in this area 
(primarily recent inroads in Iraq and Lebanon). 
What they do take issue with, however, is Netanyahu’s non-stop public rhetoric 
after the fact—verging on a Middle Eastern “end zone dance” in the face of Iran 
and Hezbollah—that could lead to deadlier follow-up attacks and a wider 
conflagration. Israel until recently used to speak softly and carry a big stick, 
which it deployed to great effect against Iran and its regional proxies. 
Netanyahu is now publicly trading insults with Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah 
and IRGC Gen. Qassem Soleimani, who have vowed to respond in kind. 
Netanyahu’s chief rival, Benny Gantz, head of the Blue and White party, has 
strongly supported the government’s regional policy against Iran. Yet even he 
called into question the increasing “talk and breaking of the [prior] 
ambiguity,” saying Netanyahu is trying to “score political points” off of the 
national security debate.
Ron Ben-Yishai, the dean of Israel’s military correspondents going back five 
decades, told The Daily Beast that even a prime minister-cum-defense minister 
doesn’t plan operations, the motivating force for which is usually the military 
and Mossad, Israel’s foreign intelligence agency. Netanyahu, Ben-Yishai said, 
“wouldn’t launch an operation because of an election, and the army chief of 
staff isn’t a servant of any prime minister...but the talk [surrounding it] is 
without doubt political.” 
The danger of all this talk, Ben-Yishai added, is that it’s like “poking [Iran 
in] the eye. Especially in the Middle East, the issue of honor could lead to a 
response.” 
Nevertheless, after years burnishing his reputation as Israel’s “Mr. Security,” 
an election campaign dominated by military crises could help Netanyahu with his 
base and the many undecided voters. But part of the audience for all this 
mounting “blather,” as some have termed it, may in fact be farther afield. 
The same weekend that Israel was bombing across the Levant, President Donald 
Trump was at the G-7 summit in France, where he indicated a willingness to meet 
with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani to resolve the impasse over Iran’s nuclear 
program. A short while after Trump made positive comments about Iran, Netanyahu 
issued a video where he reminded the world (including, presumably, the U.S. 
president) of where he stood on the issue.
“Iran is working on a broad front to carry out murderous terrorist attacks 
against the State of Israel,” Netanyahu said. “Israel will continue to defend 
its security however that may be necessary. I call on the international 
community to act immediately so that Iran halts these attacks.”
As Axios reported, Netanyahu was unable to reach Trump by telephone during the 
G-7 summit. In the following days the Israeli prime minister had calls with 
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Vice President Mike Pence—but tellingly not 
with Trump.
A snap visit to London last week, primarily to meet with U.S. Secretary of 
Defense Mark Esper, likely failed to console the Israeli leader. “Iran,” Esper 
said, “was inching toward that place where we could have talks.” Senior British 
officials with whom Netanyahu met were also inclined to support a French-led 
diplomatic process. Israeli defense officials reportedly are convinced that a 
Trump-Rouhani summit is now a “done deal.”
Trump on Tuesday reiterated his openness to meeting with the Iranian leader, 
despite Netanyahu just hours earlier revealing what he claimed was a secret 
Iranian nuclear weapons facility (another cynical use, many Israeli analysts 
observed, of sensitive intelligence for political gain.) Earlier on Tuesday, 
Trump fired his ultra-hawkish national security advisor, John Bolton, saying he 
“disagreed strongly with many of his suggestions.”
A lot is riding on whether Netanyahu can maintain U.S. support for his hard line 
against Iran and its proxies—not least his own political future. Israelis will 
again go to the polls on September 17 after Netanyahu failed to form a 
government in the wake of the original April ballot. According to the polls, 
Netanyahu is once more in a very tight race for re-election. He has in recent 
weeks seemingly stopped at nothing to ensure that his now 10-year reign 
(thirteen overall dating back to the 1990s) continues. 
Massive banners of Netanyahu and Trump shaking hands adorn tall office buildings 
and billboards across the country, underlining the premier’s close relationship 
with the U.S. president and his overall image as a global statesman (including 
taking credit for the American withdrawal from the Obama-era nuclear deal). Both 
points would be severely undercut if there were, in fact, a U.S.-Iran 
rapprochement. 
Just as he’s attacked Iran across the region, Netanyahu with equal vigor has 
gone after his perceived domestic enemies. He has called for a boycott of the 
country’s most popular television station—Channel 12—because it has deigned to 
publish extensive leaks from inside the myriad investigations of Netanyahu’s 
alleged corruption. “A terror attack against democracy,” the prime minister 
termed it. The channel’s legal correspondent, Guy Peleg, now travels with 
bodyguards.
More perniciously, in a Trumpian twist, Netanyahu in the last week has railed 
constantly against voter fraud among Israel’s Arab minority, alleging that 
irregularities in this demographic cost him and his right-wing allies victory in 
April. “The problem of fraud and theft of the elections is real. We will not 
allow the coming elections to be stolen,” Netanyahu said, priming his supporters 
to reject the outcome of next week’s poll if it doesn’t go their way. 
No matter that the Central Elections Committee, police, attorney general, and 
other neutral observers say no such fraud actually took place and reject 
Netanyahu’s demand that cameras be placed in polling stations. Israeli President 
Reuven Rivlin called the allegations “unsubstantiated and even irresponsible 
political attacks” intended to “undermine public trust in these [electoral] 
bodies.”
It seems that Netanyahu is willing to attack the very foundations of Israeli 
democracy, and again incite against the country’s Arab minority in order to 
galvanize his nationalist base. It’s a well-worn tactic Netanyahu has deployed 
in the past—the so-called Gevalt campaign, Yiddish for “alarm.” 
“Gevalt is always real and Netanyahu is a panicker to begin with, which is 
probably what makes him so effective [as a politician],” Tal Shalev, Walla News’ 
chief political correspondent, told The Daily Beast. “He’s never calm.” Yet 
Shalev, a keen Netanyahu-watcher who traveled with him to London, said that 
despite the public hysteria purposefully sown, the prime minister seemed calm, 
confident and in a good mood in recent days. 
There’s a contrast between what he’s broadcasting to those around him and what 
he’s saying publicly, she added. “But he’s acting a bit more ruthless than usual 
now, and breaking all the rules, due to the situation he’s in. It’s a battle for 
the rest of his life.”
Without his right-wing bloc of parties winning an outright majority of 61 seats 
in the Knesset, Netanyahu could be finished politically—and then there are his 
looming corruption indictments, with a pre-trial hearing set for early next 
month. A former ally on the right, Avigdor Lieberman, has turned against him, 
forcing the repeat election in the first place and now demanding a national 
unity government with Blue and White—which the latter refuse to countenance so 
long as the legally compromised Netanyahu still heads the Likud party. The 
political machinations after September 17 could be even more extreme than the 
election campaign itself. 
Yet there’s another possibility, perhaps even more likely, that against all the 
odds, and all these enemies—some real, most manufactured—Netanyahu actually wins 
outright. The polls aren’t looking favorable, but it’s important to recall that 
in the April ballot, a small right-wing faction was only 1400 votes short (out 
of 4 million cast) of entering parliament and thereby giving Netanyahu his 
majority. Last time, too, the right wing essentially threw away six to eight 
seats via parties that didn’t pass the electoral threshold, a scenario now 
mitigated by a recent Netanyahu pact with a far-right faction that pulled out of 
the election.
A source in Blue and White told The Daily Beast that the current polls, both 
public and internal, were very consistent—a Netanyahu victory isn’t a done deal. 
“This is going to be close, and will come down to the last few days,” he vowed. 
With the margins so fine, Netanyahu is pushing Israel to the very edge. 
*Neri Zilber, a journalist based in Tel Aviv, is an adjunct fellow with The 
Washington Institute and a senior fellow at BICOM. This article was originally 
published on the Daily Beast website.
Tunisians to Elect a New President
Sarah Feuer/The Washington Institute/September 15/2019
With no clear front-runner emerging and public disillusionment mounting, the 
struggling Arab democracy is transitioning from a period of consensus to 
uncertainty.
On September 15, Tunisians will vote in the country’s second presidential 
election since 2011, when a local uprising overthrew longtime autocrat Zine al-Abidine 
Ben Ali and sparked a wave of revolts across the region. Eight years on, Tunisia 
is the only “Arab Spring” state to remain on the path of full democracy, a 
distinction that continues to elicit praise from outside observers. Inside 
Tunisia, however, the past five years have been marked by disillusionment with 
unmet economic expectations and widespread frustration with the government’s 
perceived inability to address them. Both sentiments are coloring the current 
election cycle, sidelining the contentious Islamist/secularist debates that 
infused the 2014 elections.
NUTS AND BOLTS
Originally scheduled for November, the current round of voting was moved up 
following the July 25 death of President Beji Caid Essebsi, so that his 
successor could take office within the constitutionally mandated ninety-day 
period. Under normal circumstances, Essebsi would have completed his five-year 
term, and voters would have chosen a new parliament before proceeding to the 
presidential election. Now, however, they will be choosing their head of 
state—who also serves as commander-in-chief and sets defense, foreign, and 
national security policy—before the parliamentary elections scheduled for 
October 6. If no candidate receives a majority of votes on September 15, a 
runoff will be held between the top two candidates.
Among Tunisia’s population of 11.8 million, a remarkable 85 percent of eligible 
citizens are registered to vote. (By comparison, only 75 percent of eligible 
Americans are registered.) In the 2014 elections, turnout was around 63 percent 
for both round one and the ensuing runoff between Essebsi and human rights 
activist Moncef Marzouki. Yet the 2018 local elections garnered a much lower 
rate of 35 percent, prompting concerns about declining interest and faith in the 
electoral process. Still, the registration period for the current cycle saw 1.5 
million citizens sign up, and polling by the International Republican Institute 
earlier this year suggested turnout will exceed 50 percent. Whatever the case, 
voting will once again be monitored by domestic and international observers, so 
it should proceed freely and fairly.
NOTEWORTHY CONTENDERS
An eye-popping twenty-six presidential candidates will appear on the ballot, 
including two women. Remarkably, an openly gay man was in the initial mix 
despite the fact that homosexuality remains a crime in Tunisia, but his 
candidacy was ultimately rejected for reasons that remain unclear. Three 
televised debates have been held, a first for Tunisia and a novelty in the Arab 
world. No obvious front-runner has emerged, but four candidates appear to be 
leading:
Youssef Chahed. A forty-three-year-old agronomist who has served as prime 
minister since 2016, Chahed was forced out of Essebsi’s secularist party Nidaa 
Tounes (Call of Tunisia) last year. The move was prompted by his intense 
disagreements with the president over their division of power, and his 
objections to how Essebsi’s son, Hafedh, was maneuvering to control the party. 
Chahed recently formed a new party, Tahya Tounes (Long Live Tunisia), whose 
campaign has emphasized the needs of young people. Yet he may face difficulty 
convincing the wider populace that he should occupy Carthage Palace. While his 
anti-corruption policies were widely praised, the austerity measures he oversaw 
after the IMF loaned Tunisia $2.8 billion in 2016 did not endear him to the 
masses, who have been contending with entrenched income disparities, an 
inflation rate twice as high as pre-2011 levels, and unemployment hovering at 15 
percent nationally and 35 percent among youths.
Abdelfattah Mourou. A lawyer by training, Mourou cofounded the Ennahda 
(Renaissance) Party, Tunisia’s main Islamist movement, and now serves as its 
vice president. He was elected to parliament in 2014 and thereafter became 
deputy speaker. The seventy-one-year-old’s candidacy marks a significant 
development for Ennahda, which previously shied away from fielding presidential 
contenders for fear of provoking the kind of backlash that decimated its 
original parent group, the Muslim Brotherhood, in Egypt and other countries. By 
contrast, Ennahda has preferred to govern in coalition with secular parties like 
Nidaa Tounes and downplay its Islamist orientation, thereby solidifying its 
dominance in parliament. In 2016, the party even declared it would be curtailing 
its religious activities and devoting itself entirely to politics, replacing the 
label “political Islam” with “Muslim democracy.”
When Ennahda announced this summer that it would field a presidential candidate 
and put leader Rached Ghannouchi in the running for parliament, it seemed 
confident that the strategy of restraint had sufficiently cemented the party’s 
place in Tunisia’s political landscape. Although that calculation may still be a 
gamble, Mourou’s past willingness to criticize the party and his reportedly 
positive relationships with legislators across the political spectrum make him a 
relatively safe choice.
Nabil Karoui. The founder of Nessma TV, one of Tunisia’s leading stations, 
Karoui is currently sitting in jail on charges of money laundering and tax 
evasion. The fifty-six-year-old has become a well-known figure in recent years 
thanks to his frequent media appearances and philanthropic work. A former member 
of Essebsi’s faction, he founded the party Qalb Tounes (Heart of Tunisia) and 
has campaigned around broadly populist themes, advocating on behalf of the poor 
and decrying the lack of government services. He was polling above 20 percent 
when he was arrested in late August, prompting accusations that his rivals were 
looking to eliminate him from the field (the allegations against him first 
surfaced in 2017 following an investigation by prominent local anti-corruption 
NGO “I Watch”). Tunisian law allows individuals accused of criminal activity to 
run for office as long as they are not convicted, so while Karoui was unable to 
attend the debates, his name remains on the ballot.
Abdelkarim Zbidi. A doctor by training, the sixty-four-year-old Zbidi is widely 
viewed as a technocrat seemingly untainted by his longtime affiliation with the 
Ben Ali regime. He served until recently as defense minister, then resigned to 
run for president, maintaining his longtime status as an independent while 
highlighting his experience in the security realm. Tunisia has seen considerable 
improvements in its counterterrorism capabilities since a string of 
high-casualty attacks in 2015 and an attempted Islamic State insurgency a year 
later. Yet this summer’s spate of suicide bombings was a reminder that the 
country remains fragile, so Zbidi’s association with the extremely popular armed 
forces may serve him well.
BEYOND THE VOTE
The tenor of Tunisia’s election season suggests that its democracy may be 
transitioning from a period of relative consensus to something far less certain. 
Essebsi’s passing evoked eulogies of the grand bargain he reportedly struck with 
Ghannouchi in 2013, an arrangement rightly credited with saving the country from 
the social unrest and political turmoil plaguing its regional peers. Yet the 
limitations of this secular/Islamist consensus were evident long before 
Essebsi’s death, breeding political paralysis and undermining deeper economic 
reforms.
Indeed, the election has underscored the price of Tunisia’s post-2013 political 
stability: namely, growing discontent among an electorate keen to see democracy 
deliver not only individual freedoms, but basic economic dividends as well. 
Whoever wins the vote may feel liberated from the years of stagnant elite 
consensus, but the new president will also face an increasingly restless public, 
profound fiscal challenges, and a tenuous security situation.
This predicament highlights the necessity of continued American assistance, 
especially in the economic and counterterrorism realms. The country still needs 
help with insulating itself from Libya’s civil war to the east, Algeria’s 
political implosion to the west, and the prospect that thousands of Tunisian 
foreign fighters who joined the Islamic State may be returning home. The 
government has managed these local threats admirably while avoiding thorny 
entanglements further afield, such as Iran’s hegemonic ambitions and the 
Saudi-Qatar rift. Washington has a keen interest in ensuring that Tunisia 
remains not only a democratic success story, but also a strategic ally in an 
unpredictable neighborhood.
*Sarah Feuer is an associate fellow with The Washington Institute.
The Americans will see attack on Saudi oil as an attack on them
Mark Stone/SkyNews/September 15/2019
The Americans have always blamed Iran for sustaining the Yemen conflict and in a 
delicate region, this attack is very dangerous.
One of the two oil facilities struck in the early hours of Saturday morning was 
recently described by one industry expert as the the Achilles Heel of the Saudi 
oil industry. Its size and production capacity makes it a critical part of the 
global oil supply industry.
It's not yet clear how much damage was caused to the two plants or for how long 
production will be impacted, but the Saudi oil minister confirmed overnight a 
temporary loss of 5.7 million barrels per day of production because of the 
attacks. For context, Saudi Arabia pumped 9.8 million barrels per day in August.
The Abqaiq plant was the target of a failed al Qaeda attack in 2006. Since then 
it has been heavily fortified but is still vulnerable from the air, especially 
from drones which can bypass air defence systems.
In terms of the impact on the global market and oil supply: well, short term 
there may be a problem which will become clear when the markets open on Monday 
morning. But longer term the gap will probably be bridged by increasing 
production elsewhere and by releasing reserves into the market.The much bigger 
concern now is the geopolitical fallout and the consequence for regional 
security.
The US government is in no doubt that the Saudi drone attacks were the work of 
Iran.
The operation was claimed by the Yemeni Houthi rebel group but they are known to 
get weapons and technology from their main backer, Iran, who are suspected by 
other nations to use relatively low-tech 'attack drones' as weapons.
With cheap new technologies, small attack or 'kamikaze' drones are proving to be 
disproportionately effective when successful.
Two weeks ago, Israel carried out what they said was a preemptive strike on 
fighters they said were linked to Iran's elite Quds Force who were preparing to 
launch a drone from Syria (where Iran now has a strong foothold) to attack 
Israel.
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Tehran had launched an "unprecedented 
attack on the world's oil supply", adding that there was "no evidence that the 
drones were launched from Yemen".
It's true that, geographically, the two oil refineries are closer to Iran and 
Iraq (where Iran has a foothold) than to Yemen.
The Americans have always blamed Iran for stoking the flames of the Yemen 
conflict. But the drone attack represents, in US government eyes, an attack on 
global energy supply which they'll interpret as an attack on them.
"We call on all nations to publicly and unequivocally condemn Iran's attacks," 
Mr Pompeo tweeted. "The United States will work with our partners and allies to 
ensure that energy markets remain well supplied and Iran is held accountable for 
its aggression."
In such a chaotic and delicate region, an attack of this type is very dangerous.
Donald Trump has been hoping to meet Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in his 
latest attempt at rapprochement (after limited success with North Korea's Kim 
Jong Un and no success with Afghanistan's Taliban).
Last week he fired his national security adviser John Bolton who was calling for 
a much harder line on Iran.
While Mr Bolton sits out of office no doubt saying "I told you so", President 
Trump must now be pondering the merits of the proposed meeting with the Iranian 
president.
His own secretary of state seems clear: "Tehran is behind nearly 100 attacks on 
Saudi Arabia while Rouhani and Zarif pretend to engage in diplomacy..."
Can Banks Survive Negative Rates?
Satyajit Das/Bloomberg/September, 15/2019 
The declining economic outlook and increasing political pressure are pushing 
central banks into more aggressive unconventional monetary policies. 
Simultaneously, fears are growing that such steps, especially negative interest 
rates, actually threaten the stability of the financial system. They risk 
setting off dangerous feedback loops in credit markets and the real economy, 
where the second and third-order effects are difficult to anticipate or control.
As the experience of banks in Japan and Europe has illustrated, the process 
follows a predictable pattern.
Low growth, low inflation, output gaps, unemployment and underemployment -- 
combined with financial instability, especially volatile asset prices -- first 
prompt central banks to lower rates below the zero bound. The objective is to 
stimulate borrowing to finance consumption and investment, thus setting off a 
self-sustaining growth cycle.
Typically, however, negative rates aren’t fully reflected in actual borrowing 
and lending rates. Regulations require banks to maintain customer deposit bases. 
The fear of losing customers dissuades those banks from cutting deposit rates 
too far. In Europe, to date, only large corporations have faced negative rates, 
which means they’re charged to maintain deposits.
As interest rate margins contract and profits are squeezed, banks raise fees or 
turn to other revenue measures to boost earnings. This keeps actual borrowing 
costs relatively high, undercutting the whole point of a negative rate policy.
As the economy continues to sputter, desperate policymakers slash rates more and 
more deeply. Government bond yields grow increasingly negative and the yield 
curve flattens. Banks, which hold substantial amounts of government debt, see 
their profits decline even further.
Weak earnings, in turn, impact banks’ share prices and raise doubts about future 
dividends, buybacks or capital returns. Weaker institutions run into funding 
difficulties. Virtually all face higher borrowing costs.
This perversely reduces the amount of credit available, which again dampens 
consumption and investment. Given that bank payouts make up a significant source 
of investor income, fears of shrinking dividends add to the gloom. Instead of 
stimulating the economy, negative rates increase uncertainty about the future. 
Households, worried about saving for retirement and other goals, spend less.
Slowing growth increases the number of non-performing loans. This further erodes 
bank profits and reduces lending. It also increases borrowing costs for banks, 
which results in higher credit margins for borrowers.
Negative rates distort incentives. Facing declining profits, banks grow 
reluctant to foreclose on distressed borrowers. They extend lifelines to zombie 
companies, which can service their debt when interest rates are so low even if 
they have no prospects of repaying the principal. This is an inefficient use of 
capital which reduces potential growth and sets the stage for long-term economic 
under-performance.
Struggling banks also naturally have less demand for government bonds, which 
restricts the ability of countries to finance their activities. In extreme 
cases, where banks need help to stay afloat, already heavily indebted 
governments must borrow to recapitalize them or guarantee deposits. Increased 
debt levels and rising debt-service commitments lock the state into a low or 
negative interest rate environment.
The ill effects of these trends will initially vary depending on how profitable 
a country’s banks are, as well as their interest margins and the quality of 
their loan portfolios. European and Japanese banks facing low profit margins and 
a growing pile of non-performing loans are especially vulnerable.
And, ultimately, the problems will spread. US banks have begun to lower earnings 
guidance, blaming lower rates.
There are two primary transmission channels for negative rates between 
countries. As witnessed in Europe and Japan, banks faced with negative rates 
export capital aggressively, driving down returns elsewhere. Also, higher 
relative rates cause currencies to appreciate, forcing nations to match interest 
rate cuts in a race to maintain competitiveness.
There are few alternatives. Germany is examining whether to prevent banks from 
charging most retail clients for deposits. Other alternatives include creating 
special safe assets or savings accounts that guarantee positive rates. Both 
measures would undermine negative-rate policies.
Another option is for central banks to lend, either directly or through banks 
such as the European Central Bank’s existing targeted longer-term refinancing 
operations, at concessional rates. However, there may be limited demand for 
loans. The efficacy of these programs is, at best, modest.
The unpalatable reality is that the world still hasn’t learned the true lesson 
of 2008: An economic model that’s dependent on consumption and investment fueled 
by excessive borrowing is unsustainable. Lower rates, which are ineffective and 
weaken the financial system and ultimately the real economy, are merely a 
mechanism to maintain excessive debt levels for a little longer.
An old farmer reputedly advised a lost traveler, “If you want to go there, I 
wouldn’t start from here.” Policymakers missed the opportunity to make 
fundamental changes at the onset of the crisis. No wonder they now find 
themselves adrift.