LCCC ENGLISH DAILY NEWS BULLETIN
March 03/2020
Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani

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Bible Quotations For today

Do not judge, so that you may not be judged. For with the judgement you make you will be judged, and the measure you give will be the measure you get
Matthew 07/01-12.: “‘Do not judge, so that you may not be judged. For with the judgement you make you will be judged, and the measure you give will be the measure you get. Why do you see the speck in your neighbour’s eye, but do not notice the log in your own eye?Or how can you say to your neighbour, “Let me take the speck out of your eye”, while the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your neighbour’s eye. ‘Do not give what is holy to dogs; and do not throw your pearls before swine, or they will trample them under foot and turn and maul you. ‘Ask, and it will be given to you; search, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened for you. For everyone who asks receives, and everyone who searches finds, and for everyone who knocks, the door will be opened. Is there anyone among you who, if your child asks for bread, will give a stone? Or if the child asks for a fish, will give a snake? If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good things to those who ask him! ‘In everything do to others as you would have them do to you; for this is the law and the prophets.”

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on March 02-03/2020
Lebanon’s Iranian Cancerous Occupation and The Required Solutions/Elias Bejjani/March 03/2020
Number of coronavirus cases in Lebanon rises to 13
Health Ministry: Three new Coronavirus cases
Lebanon Bars Entry of Syrian Bus over Coronavirus as Iranian Plane Arrives
Hassan: Coronavirus Not Pandemic in Lebanon
Lebanon’s Advisers Hold Talks with Bondholders
Diab Says Eurobond Decision by Weekend, Salameh Reassures on Gold
Diab’s Press Office rebuffs ‘false news and defamation’, affirms rule of law will prevail
Diab tackles developments with Grand Serail interlocutors
Honorary Consular Corps visits Diab, expresses faith in his cabinet
Lebanon PM: State is “weak” but “decisive” decisions coming
Diab Says State ‘Weak,’ But ‘Decisive’ Decisions Will Be Taken
Hearing Begins for Bank Officials on Capital Flight
Financial Prosecutor Grills Lebanese Bankers over Capital Flight
Israel Installs ‘Device’ at al-Abbad Border Post
Rai: Lebanese Govt Needs to Take Bold Political Decision, Implement Reforms
Lebanese Political Movement to Lift Iranian Tutelage Over Lebanon
Hezbollah Hinders Roadmap on Lebanon’s Economy Recovery
Minister of Social Affairs tackles refugee affairs with Syrian officials
Bus at al-Qaa border crossing not allowed to enter Lebanon over suspected coronavirus case
Defense Minister, Army Chief visit Military Academy
UfM launches new regional mechanism to monitor gender equality in the Mediterranean
Japanese Deputy Justice Minister in Lebanon over Ghosn Case
Japanese Official in Lebanon, Seeks Return of Fugitive Ghosn
Nissan Case over Ghosn's Beirut Home to End This Month
Hezbollah Has a New Strategy to Survive Lebanon’s Financial/risisHanin Ghaddar/The Washington Institute/March 02/2020

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on March 02-03/2020
Syria Regime Forces Re-enter Saraqeb
US President Trump recognizes Greece’s right to enforce border laws: Greek PM
Syrian refugee died after trying to cross the Turkey-Greece border: Sources
EU top officials to visit Greece’s border with Turkey over migrant crisis
One Turkish customs agent killed in rocket attack near Iranian border
Iraq’s Adil Abdul Mahdi says will walk away from caretaker PM role
UN Report: Russia, Turkey May Have Carried out War Crimes in Syria
Turkish Raids Kill Iranian Militia Members in Syria
EU Calls For Urgent Foreign Ministers’ Meeting to Discuss Developments in Syria
Syrian Regime Increases Gasoline Prices, Rations Internet Usage
Israel votes for third time in a year
Israel Admits Was Behind Assassination of Son of Islamic Jihad Official
Erekat: PA Under Toxic US Campaign
Hamas Sends Delegations to Cairo, Moscow
Ashmawy among 37 Sentenced to Death in Egypt on Terror Charges
Borrell Stresses EU’s Commitment to Support Democratic Transition in Sudan
Tripoli Ceasefire on Verge of Collapse as Fighting Intensifies
United Nations special envoy to Libya Ghassan Salame resigns
Putin Proposes to Enshrine God, Heterosexual Marriage in Constitution

Titles For The Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on March 02-03/2020
Education Reform: What Kind of Arab World Do We Aspire for/Marwan Muasher/Asharq Al-Awsat/March 02/2020
Syria and Messages Soaked in Blood/Ghassan Charbel/Asharq Al-Awsat/March 02/2020
Working Together to Develop a Coronavirus Vaccine/Richard Hatchett/Asharq Al-Awsat/March 02/2020
Why Are Palestinians Dying in Hamas Prisons/Bassam Tawil/Gatestone Institute/March 0/2020
China Cracks Down on Religion Even Harder/Judith Bergman/Gatestone Institute/March 0/2020
Is Turkey creating another European migrant crisis/Simon Waldman/The National/March 02/2020

The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News & Editorials published on March 02-03/2020
Lebanon’s Iranian Cancerous Occupation and The Required Solutions
سرطان الإحتلال الإيراني للبنان والحلول الدولية المطلوبة
Elias Bejjani/March 03/2020

Lebanon’s current problem is the cancerous Hezbollah’s Iranian Occupation that is systematic, and since 1982 has been covertly and overtly devouring Lebanon and everything that is Lebanese in all domains and on all levels.
The Solution is through the UN declaring Lebanon a rogue-failed country and the strict implementation of the three UN Resolutions addressing Lebanon’s
ongoing dilemma of occupation:
The Armistice agreement
The 1559 UN Resolution
The 1701UN Resolution.
All other approaches, no matter what, will only serve the occupying Mullah’s vicious scheme of destroying Lebanon and strengthening its ironic, terrorist grip on the Lebanese.
All Pro-Lebanon’s Freedom demonstrations in any country in the Diaspora that are carried on by the Lebanese MUST call for this only International solution.
Meanwhile, yes, Lebanon and the Lebanese are facing very serious crises, hardships and problems in all life sectors; e.g., poverty, unemployment, corruption, drug trafficking, money laundering, politicization of the judiciary, electricity shortage, a scandalous disarray in trash collection, lack of health benefits, education, and numerous social services … and the list goes on and on.
BUT, non of these hardships in any way or at any time will be solved as long as the terrorist Iranian Hezbollah remains occupying the country and terrorizing its people. At the same time, the majority of Lebanese officials, politicians and political parties are actually the enemies of both Lebanon and its citizens.
In this context, President Michael Aoun, His son-in-law, the FM, Jobran Bassil, Amin Gymael and his son Sami, PM, Saad Hariri, Druze leader Walid Jumblat, House Speaker Nabih Berri, Lebanese Forces Party leader Samir Geagea, Slieman Frangea and many other politicians, as well as numerous topnotch clergymen from all denominations are all cut from the same garment of oligarchic, narcissism, trojanism, greed, and feudalism in their mentality and education.
They all, with no sense of patriotism, have succumbed to the Hezbollah’s Iranian savage occupation.
They all and each from his status and based on his capacity and influence, have traded Lebanon’s independence, freedom, decision making process and sovereignty with mere personal power and financial gains.
In reality, they have sold their country to the occupier, Hezbollah, and with no shame have accepted the status of Dhimmitudes, puppets, tools, trumpets, cymbals and mouthpieces for the terrorist occupier. They betrayed, and still betraying, the country and their own people.
In this realm, the Lebanese demonstrators who are loudly shouting the Slogan, “All of them” are 100% right and are righteously witnessing for the truth because all of the above political and official prominent figures are practically mere merchants with numbed consciences.
All Of Them definitely means all of them.
It is worth mentioning that the Lebanese constitution is ideal for the nature of the multi-cultural and multi-religious denominational composition of the mosaic of diversified Lebanese society.
The governing disasters that have been targeting and hitting Lebanon since the early seventies has nothing to do with the great and ideal covenantal (unwritten pact) constitution, but with the foreign occupations and the oligarchic Lebanese corrupted officials and politicians.
My fellow patriotic and God fearing Lebanese from all religious denominations and all walks of life in both Lebanon and the Diaspora, stand tall and steadfast like our cedars. Do not lose faith or give up on hope, and never ever forget that our beloved, country, Lebanon is holy.
Yes, Lebanon is holy and has been blessed by Almighty God since he created man and woman and put them on earth.
Pray for our oppressed and occupied country and that Almighty God shall always guard, protect and defend it through His saints and angels.

Number of coronavirus cases in Lebanon rises to 13
Perla Kantarjian/Annahar/March 02/2020
The new cases are people who were in contact with the previously reported cases, and are currently placed under quarantine at the RHUH and have a stable health condition.
BEIRUT: On Monday, the Lebanese Ministry of Health announced three new confirmed coronavirus cases in Lebanon, increasing the number of COVID-19 patients at the Rafic Hariri University Hospital to a total of 13. The Ministry of Health said that the new cases are people who were in contact with the previously reported cases, are currently placed under quarantine at the RHUH and have a stable health condition.Additionally, the Minister of Public Health Hamad Hassan, maintained on Monday that the coronavirus is not a “pandemic” in Lebanon, adding also that work to restrict flights from countries dealing with the outbreak had commenced, allowing only the return of Lebanese citizens and foreigners holding valid residency in the Lebanese grounds. The Ministry of Health urges all people arriving from countries with coronavirus outbreak to completely adhere to home quarantine and in the case of any symptoms showing, to call the following number: +961 76 592699.

Health Ministry: Three new Coronavirus cases
NNA/March 02/2020
The Ministry of Public Health announced, in a statement on Monday, that three new laboratory-confirmed cases infected with the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) have been registered, who were previously in contact with an infected person and were present in domestic isolation, thus, raising the total number of infected cases to thirteen. In the context of combating the epidemic, the Health Ministry called on all expatriates coming from countries experiencing a local spread of the virus, "to strictly adhere to domestic isolation measures, and when any symptoms appear, to immediately contact the number 76/592699.

Lebanon Bars Entry of Syrian Bus over Coronavirus as Iranian Plane Arrives
Naharnet/March 02/2020
Lebanon on Monday barred a Syrian bus from entering the country after suspecting that a girl on it is infected with the COVID-19 coronavirus, as an Iranian plane carrying 178 passengers landed at Beirut’s Rafik Hariri International Airport. “After the medical team at the al-Qaa border crossing suspected that an infected girl was on the bus which was carrying 30 passengers, the decision was taken to return the bus to Syria,” the National News Agency said. “Afterwards, al-Qaa Municipality disinfected the border crossing and will carry out a similar campaign at public places, schools, churches, buses and refugee camps, while checkpoints for disinfecting entering cars will be set up on the town’s entrances, especially as to vendors and the distributors of foodstuffs and essential goods,” NNA added. Later in the day, an Iranian plane coming from the city of Mashhad landed at Beirut’s airport. “A Health Ministry medical team took the necessary public health and preventative measures regarding the passengers. Forms were also filled in and no disease symptoms were recorded among them,” NNA said.

Hassan: Coronavirus Not Pandemic in Lebanon
Naharnet/March 02/2020
Health Minister Hamad Hassan on Monday said the novel coronavirus is “not a pandemic” in Lebanon assuring that cancellation of a flight that was scheduled to land in Beirut was a “proof that the cabinet decision to suspend flights from infected countries came into effect.” “The decision to halt flights from infected countries came into effect. The cancellation of a trip scheduled today from Tehran to Beirut is proof,” said Hassan in remarks to VDL (100.5). Flight IR 661 from Tehran was scheduled to arrive at Beirut’s Rafik Hariri International Airport at nine in the morning. It was set to transport Lebanese students and visitors returning to Lebanon. The Minister emphasized the need to abide by the Ministry’s guidance instructions to prevent the spread of the virus. Noting that family awareness regarding self-quarantine in case of doubt, is the highest preventive level. Hassan said that Lebanon has recorded ten cases of coronavirus so far in individuals travelling into Lebanon, “linked to abroad” he said. “None of the cases was transmitted internally.” The majority of those infected in Lebanon had visited Iran in recent weeks. Hassan said it was “reassuring “ to know that the “virus is not a pandemic.”He said he had begun work to reduce flights from Iran and Italy by allowing only Lebanese citizens to return to their homeland and to foreigners holding valid legal residency.

Lebanon’s Advisers Hold Talks with Bondholders
Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Lebanon's financial and legal advisers are in talks with holders of its dollar-denominated debt on a restructuring but have not reached a deal, a source close to the government said on Monday. "They are working day and night" to reach an agreement on an orderly restructuring, the source told Reuters, saying that Lebanon's decision on a March 9 maturity Eurobond must be announced by Saturday. Lebanon also has Eurobonds maturing in April and June. The country is widely expected to restructure the sovereign bonds after a long-brewing economic crisis, which came to a head last year as capital inflows slowed and protests erupted against Lebanon's ruling elite over corruption and bad governance. Beirut last week appointed investment bank Lazard and law firm Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton as its financial and legal advisers on the widely expected debt restructuring. Banks are imposing tight restrictions on access to deposits and transfers abroad, while the Lebanese pound has weakened by nearly 40 percent from its officially pegged rate. Emerging markets investment manager Ashmore Group has attracted attention in Lebanon for accumulating more than 25 percent of the $2.5 billion of sovereign debt maturing in 2020, including $1.2 billion maturing on March 9, according to sources citing Bloomberg News data up to the end of 2019.

Diab Says Eurobond Decision by Weekend, Salameh Reassures on Gold
Naharnet/March 02/2020
Prime Minister Hassan Diab announced Monday that Lebanon’s final decision on whether or not to pay a $1.2 billion Eurobond debt that matures on March 9 will be taken Friday or Saturday. “The decision will preserve the rights of small and medium depositors as well as Lebanon’s interest,” Diab added after a high-level financial meeting at the Grand Serail. Central Bank Governor Riad Salameh meanwhile stressed that “using the gold reserve is out of the question.” “I have no say in the Eurobond issue and the decision is to be taken by the government,” he added. In addition to Diab and Salameh, the Grand Serail meeting was attended by the ministers of finance, industry, economy and public works and the head of the banks association. Lebanon is currently facing its worst economic crisis since its 1975-1990 civil war. The value of the Lebanese pound has plummeted on the black market, prices have risen, and many businesses have been forced to slash salaries, dismiss staff or close. Lebanon is one of the most indebted countries in the world, with a public debt equivalent to 150 percent of its GDP. The country is now under pressure to pay a $1.2 billion Eurobond maturity on March 9.
Economists warn payment on time would eat away at plummeting foreign currency reserves, while bankers say a default would damage Lebanon's reputation with lenders. Bank of America Merill Lynch in a November report estimated that around 50 percent of Eurobonds were held by local banks, while the central bank had around 11 percent. Foreign investors owned the remainder, or around 39 percent, it said. But these figures may have changed, with local media reporting that local banks have recently sold a chunk of their Eurobonds to foreign lenders.

Diab’s Press Office rebuffs ‘false news and defamation’, affirms rule of law will prevail
NNA/March 02/2020
The following is a statement issued on Monday by Prime Minister Hassan Diab’s Press Office: “Once again, the same orchestra is spreading false news and hiding the truth for defamation and incitement purposes. Unfortunately, some are being affected, willingly or out of ignorance, and are therefore expressing themselves out of bad faith and conspiracy, or by unfoundedly repeating what they hear without checking the facts. Prime Minister Hassan Diab spoke openly and frankly about how people perceive the State. However, he also stressed that he will, together with the Cabinet, hold the ball of fire, and highlighted his determination to resolve all chronic issues in order to move on to the concept of State. The said orchestra seems to be bothered by the concept of State and wants to destroy what is left of the State’s pillars to protect itself. But the rule of law will certainly prevail and citizens will stop paying the price.”—Grand Serail Press Office

Diab tackles developments with Grand Serail interlocutors
NNA/March 02/2020
Prime Minister Hassan Diab on Monday met at the Grand Serail with Minister of Displaced, Ghada Shreim, with a delegation from the Central Fund of the Displaced. The meeting was followed by a press conference held by Shreim. The Minister announced her plan to proceed with the payments for the enlisted and affected persons, stating that this is the first step within the framework she has established, aiming at shutting the Ministry and the Fund on the long term. She pledged that her team will work objectively, away from any political influence, and stated that both Ministry and Fund websites detail the required documents and timelines for the affected persons. Prime Minister Hassan Diab also met today with the Minister of Labor, Lamia Yammine. Discussions featured high on the status of the NSSF, and on the upcoming projects of the Ministry. PM Diab later met with the National Audiovisual Council delegation, headed by Abdul Hadi Mahfouz, in presence of the Minister of Information, Manal Abdel Samad. Diab relayed to his visitors the importance of the decision that will be taken by the end of this week, while sparing the rights of the small and medium depositors and protecting Lebanon’s interests. Talks also touched on the situation of the media outlets and agencies in Lebanon.—Grand Serail Press Office

Honorary Consular Corps visits Diab, expresses faith in his cabinet

NNA/March 02/2020
Prime Minister Hassan Diab on Monday met with a delegation of the Honorary Consular Corps in Lebanon, headed by Dean Joseph Habis. During his speech, Habis said that the Honorary Consular Corps has faith in Diab’s Cabinet. “We come here today with hopes, and agree with the Lebanese people that the time for change has come, and turning back is no longer an option.”Habis highlighted the need to fight corruption, stating that is has become a “comprehensive national goal”. For his part, PM Diab said that the government is now holding a “ball of fire”, noting that the upcoming days will witness an important decision, a turning point which will shape Lebanon’s future.
PM Diab’s full speech:
“Welcome to all of you in the Government’s Headquarters, the beacon of a state that we have always wished to see serving the Lebanese people, planning for the future of their country, managing the state and people’s affairs according to avenues that keep pace with the social and cultural developments. Unfortunately, the state of today is so crumbling and vulnerable, not to say helpless, and the country is going through very tough times. The Lebanese people are anxious for their present and future. Fear is spreading across financial and economic sectors, reaching the social life and the living conditions, in addition to imminent health concerns. To put it frankly, the state, in view of its current situation, is no more capable of protecting the Lebanese people and ensuring a decent life for them. To be transparent, I would say that this state has lost Lebanese people’s confidence. From a realistic perspective, the relations between the State and the people have deteriorated so dramatically that they hit bottom. Today we are facing huge dilemmas whereas the mechanisms of the State are still staggering under archaic sectarian constraints, rampant corruption, the weight of various sectarian interests, the prevailing imbalance in the administration and the lack of vision within the institutions. This government took office while already aware of the burden it will have to carry and of the complexity of its mission. However, we are determined to dismantle all those complexities and to bring Lebanon to the level of a state, while tackling endemic problems.
This government has made the choice to hold the ball of fire between its hands and will endeavor to defuse it so as not to burn what little is left. We have no choice but to take the path of the Calvary, whatever the sufferings, because other options are much more dangerous.
In the coming days, the government will adopt a crucial decision that is very sensitive and critical. It is still under scrutiny, as it represents a major milestone in shaping the future of Lebanon.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is true that you represent many countries in Lebanon, but first and foremost you are Lebanese, and this assures us of the fact that you will participate in this work of salvation, each one from his/ her own position, be it consular, economic or personal. We are all responsible for building a better future for the next generations. I call upon you to roll up your sleeves and get to work. Indeed, Lebanon will need every single effort and contribution during the coming period. It will need every bit of effort exerted. History will in fact mention all those who have worked to eradicate corruption while building bridges of trust and restoring hope to the Lebanese people through their participation in this work of salvation. This is a field of honor… and we welcome all those who would enter it with the determination to do their utmost.”—Grand Serail Press Office

Lebanon PM: State is “weak” but “decisive” decisions coming
The Arab Weekly/Monday 02/03/2020
A hefty Eurobond repayment comes due on March 9, with few analysts believing that Beirut will be able to pay
LONDON – Prime Minister Hassan Diab warned that Lebanon is passing through a very difficult phase, attempting to reassure Lebanese that his government would take “decisive” action to overcome the various crises the country is facing on different fronts.
“The State is weak and the country is passing through a very difficult stage. The Lebanese fear for their present and for their future. Their fear grows over their financial, economic, social and living situation in addition to health concerns (over coronavirus),” Diab was quoted as saying on Monday during a meeting with the diplomatic corp. Lebanon is facing its worst economic crisis in decades with a major debt restructuring expected soon – Lebanon’s current international debts stand at 160% of GDP. A hefty Eurobond repayment comes due on March 9, with few analysts believing that Beirut will be able to pay without major debt restructuring. The economic crisis comes at a difficult time for Lebanon domestically, with ongoing protests against corruption and rising fears over the spread of the coronavirus. As of Monday, Lebanon had a total of ten coronavirus cases, mostly from people travelling from neighbouring Iran – one of the current hotspots of the crisis. Lebanese authorities took the decision to close all educational institutions and nurseries until March 9 and have impose travel restrictions on countries affected by the coronavirus – notably China, Iran, Italy and South Korea. Despite this, many observers have criticized Diab’s government for its apparent inability to get on top of the crises facing the country. Unlike previous government, Prime Minister Diab’s cabinet – formed on January 22 – is not a so-called “national unity” cabinet, bringing together diverse political parties across the Lebanese spectrum. Critics have described Diab’s cabinet as a “one-colour” government under the control of the Iran-backed Amal and Hezbollah parties, and the Aounist Free Patriotic Movement, excluding western-backed parties like the Future Movement. “The State is no longer able to protect the Lebanese… We are facing immense difficulties, and the State’s mechanisms are constrained with sectarianism and the government’s burden is really heavy and complicated," Diab said. “[But] we are determined to unravel the difficulties and move to the notion of a genuine State and address the crises,” he added.

Diab Says State ‘Weak,’ But ‘Decisive’ Decisions Will Be Taken
Naharnet/March 02/2020
Prime Minister Hassan Diab said on Monday that Lebanon is passing through a very difficult phase and that the government is going to take “decisive” decisions to overcome the crisis. “The State is weak and the country is passing through a very difficult stage. The Lebanese fear for their present and for their future. Their fear grows over their financial, economic, social and living situation in addition to health concerns (over coronavirus),” said Diab during a meeting with the diplomatic corps. “The State is no longer able to protect the Lebanese,” he added. “We are facing immense difficulties, and the State’s mechanisms are constrained with sectarianism and the government’s burden is really heavy and complicated," he added. But he stressed "we are determined to unravel the difficulties and move to the notion of a genuine State and address the crises.”

Hearing Begins for Bank Officials on Capital Flight
Naharnet/March 02/2020
Financial Prosecutor Judge Ali Ibrahim began a hearing on “suspicious” amounts of money transferred abroad after the October 17 uprising, the National News Agency reported on Monday. NNA said the Judge will begin hearing arguments from several bank owners and chairmen related to funds transferred to swiss banks, and the sale of Eurobonds by local banks to foreign investors including Ashmore Group Plc. In consecutive hearing sessions, judge Ibrahim and seven other judges of the financial public prosecution will hear the arguments of head of the Association of Banks in Lebanon Salim Sfeir, and arguments of the chairman of fourteen of Lebanon’s banks, said the agency.

Financial Prosecutor Grills Lebanese Bankers over Capital Flight
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 02/2020
Financial Prosecutor Ali Ibrahim on Monday grilled bankers over more than 2 billion dollars in capital flight in past months despite strict banking restrictions in the crisis-hit country, judicial sources said. Banks have since September imposed increasingly tight limits on dollar withdrawals and transfers abroad as part of measures to tackle a severe liquidity crisis. But bankers stand accused of having sent millions of dollars abroad despite those limitations since mass anti-government protests erupted on October 17. Lebanese banking association head Salim Sfeir, as well as representatives from 14 banks, appeared before Financial Prosecutor Ibrahim, the sources said. They testified "over the transfer abroad of 2.3 billion dollars during the two months since the start of the popular uprising," they said. They were questioned over "the causes of the transfers abroad of the money of bank owners, which reduced liquidity in the internal financial markets". They were also asked why other depositors were unable to make transfers abroad for trade or to pay tuition fees. Bankers were asked to justify "the inability of depositors to withdraw from their U.S. dollar accounts... while that restriction did not apply to the powerful." Lebanon is currently facing its worst economic crisis since its 1975-1990 civil war. The value of the Lebanese pound has plummeted on the black market, prices have risen, and many businesses have been forced to slash salaries, dismiss staff or close. Lebanon is one of the most indebted countries in the world, with a public debt equivalent to 150 percent of its GDP. The country is now under pressure to pay a $1.2 billion Eurobond maturity on March 9. Economists warn payment on time would eat away at plummeting foreign currency reserves, while bankers say a default would damage Lebanon's reputation with lenders. Bank of America Merill Lynch in a November report estimated that around 50 percent of Eurobonds were held by local banks, while the central bank had around 11 percent. Foreign investors owned the remainder, or around 39 percent, it said. But these figures may have changed, with local media reporting that local banks have recently sold a chunk of their Eurobonds to foreign lenders. The judicial sources said those summoned on Monday were also asked about those sales, but they did not provide further details on their answers. Representatives of other banks are to be called in later this week.

Israel Installs ‘Device’ at al-Abbad Border Post
Naharnet/March 02/2020
The Israeli army installed a “device” reportedly a surveillance camera at the al-Abbad border post opposite the Southern Lebanese village of Hawla, the National News Agency reported on Monday. The device was directed towards the Lebanese territories, said NNA. A surveillance airplane hovered over the area while Israeli troops installed the device, added the agency.

Rai: Lebanese Govt Needs to Take Bold Political Decision, Implement Reforms
Beirut - Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Lebanese Maronite Patriarch Bechara Rai affirmed that the country's current situation requires a bold political decision to make necessary reforms. During Sunday’s mass, Rai said that all eyes are on the government to rescue Lebanon from the crises. Everyone is anticipating that it initiates the required reforms in all sectors, especially that several solutions already exist and only need action. The Lebanese people are expecting administrative recruitment based on qualifications and not on quotas, he stressed. While Rai hailed the exploration of gas and oil in the country, he urged the government to hasten the establishment of stations to generate electrical energy and put an end to temporary solutions. The government should also look into the people’s issue with the banks, as they have become beggars at their doors and at food stores that have raised goods' prices mercilessly. Rai highlighted the spread of the new coronavirus jeopardizing citizens’ safety and which requires more serious procedures. He concluded wishing the Lebanese people protection from illness and destitution and the government salvation from the economic and financial crisis.

Lebanese Political Movement to Lift Iranian Tutelage Over Lebanon

Beirut- Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
A number of Lebanese politicians and activists launched on Sunday a national initiative to free the country of Iran's tutelage and save it from the current economic, political, and financial crisis. During the launch of the initiative, Former MP Fares Souaid called on Lebanon to respect the Taef Agreement and the Constitution as a reference to rescue the country from any foreign tutelage and to save civil peace. “Lebanon is a final homeland for all its sons and it has an Arab identity and affiliation,” he said. Souaid said that the prolonged disability of the political forces to solve the current crisis in Lebanon calls for a change in the ruling class, starting with early parliamentary elections based on a new electoral law that respects the Taef and the Constitution. “The prolonged crisis is mainly due to the Iranian and Syrian tutelage, imposed on Lebanon since 1990. This tutelage has paralyzed the creation of a state and it isolated Lebanon from the Arab and international world,” the deputy said. Soueid said that the International Support Group, during its meeting last December, called on the new government of Prime Minister Hassan Diab to swiftly and resolutely take a timely, tangible, credible, and comprehensive set of measures and reforms to stop and reverse the deepening crises, to address the needs and demands of the Lebanese people by respecting the Taef Accord and the Baabda Declaration and its commitments made at the Brussels, Paris, and Rome conferences. Souaid, who is also the coordinator of the March 14 General Secretariat, accuses Hezbollah of serving Iranian directions. Last October, he told Asharq Al-Awsat that Tehran wants to draw the attention of the US and the world by creating tensions and destabilizing the Arab world.

Hezbollah Hinders Roadmap on Lebanon’s Economy Recovery

Beirut - Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Hezbollah hindered on Sunday a roadmap to resolve Lebanon's economic crisis after the party’s deputy Hassan Fadlallah expressed his rejection to fall under the “tutelage of the International Monetary Fund.”
The MP said that new measures should be announced in the coming two weeks, concerning the accounts of depositors in Lebanese banks. “There is a maturity (for Eurobonds) linked to the debt. We informed the concerned parties that the priority should be given to the money of depositors. This money should not be used in a wrong manner,” he said during a Hezbollah ceremony in southern Lebanon. The Hezbollah deputy denied that there’s no hope in resolving Lebanon's economic and monetary crisis. He blamed some parties for allegedly wanting to hand over the country to international forces. “We have welcomed the consultations with the Fund but we reject to put Lebanon under its tutelage,” Fadlallah said. He explained that Lebanon cannot implement the recommendations of the IMF, which include reducing in half the size of the public sector, or in other words, fire half of the employees, in addition to the privatization of state institutions and raising taxes, a step that affects the poor. “There are practical local solutions and proposals that we have made to solve the crisis, including asking banks to bear parts of the burden,” he said, adding that the Association of Banks rejected the proposal because it wants to protect the profits it has made in the past years. “We hope that the Lebanese government implements a rescue reform plan to solve the current economic crisis and that the judiciary acts effectively to recover funds that have been transferred abroad,” he said. In December, the Lebanese judiciary launched an investigation following reports that Lebanese politicians had transferred billions of dollars abroad in 2019, despite tight restrictions on withdrawals.

Minister of Social Affairs tackles refugee affairs with Syrian officials
NNA/March 02/2020
Minister of Social Affairs and Tourism, Professor Ramzi Moucharafieh, on Monday met during a visit to Syria Ministers of Local Administration and Environment, Eng. Hussein Makhlouf, Social Affairs and Labor, Rima Al-Qadri, and Tourism, Engineer Mohammad Rami Martini. Moucharafieh reviewed during his meeting with Makhlouf, who is in charge of the refugee dossier, and Minister Qadri, who is tasked to follow up on its social aspect, the means to set up a social safety net that contributes to a safe and secure return of Syrian refugees through cooperation between Lebanon and Syria, and in coordination with the concerned international organizations -- in implementation of the ministerial statement's refugee plan. The meeting also stressed the need to activate coordination for the benefit of the both countries. Meanwhile, Makhlouf and Al-Qadri confirmed the Syrian state's keenness on exerting all the possible efforts to secure a safe return of Syrian refugees to their homeland. Moucharafieh also broached with Martini the status of the tourism sector and the possibility of activating it in a way that reflects positively on the two countries.

Bus at al-Qaa border crossing not allowed to enter Lebanon over suspected coronavirus case
NNA/March 02/2020
The medical team at Al Qaa border crossing has not allowed a bus carrying 30 passengers to enter Lebanon, coming from Syria, after suspecting a coronavirus case on board, NNA reporter said on Monday.
At once, Al-Qaa Municipality carried out a sterilization campaign in said crossing point, planning to carry out a similar campaign in public places, schools, churches, transport buses and displaced camps in said town.

Defense Minister, Army Chief visit Military Academy

NNA/March 02/2020
Vice Prime Minister, National Defense Minister Zeina Akar Adra, and Army Commander, General Joseph Aoun, on Monday visited the Military Academy, where they met with first-year student officers in the presence of Academy Commander. After touring the different departments and the dormitory section of the newly-enrolled students, especially females, Minister Akar addressed officers-to-be: "Your enrollment is extremely important because you ensure the continuity of the soldier's mission and you preserve Lebanon with all its components." The Minister also called on student officers to stay away from politics and it polarizations, devoting absolute loyalty to the nation. In turn, Maj. Gen. Aoun considered that the criterion of success in the Military Academy is competence, competition and enrollment exams' qualification.

UfM launches new regional mechanism to monitor gender equality in the Mediterranean
NNA/March 02/2020
The Union for the Mediterranean embraces the celebration of the International Women's Day with the implementation of projects and initiatives in the framework of its regional agenda for women's empowerment.In a year that marks the 25th Anniversary of the Barcelona Process, which laid the foundations for the creation of the UfM, its Member States are determined to monitor and assess the progress made in advancing gender equality in the region and update their related strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In line with the 2017 UfM Ministerial Declaration on strengthening the role of women in society, and following a 3-year regional process involving governments and gender experts, the UfM will adopt this month a regional intergovernmental follow-up mechanism on gender balance. This entails concrete indicators that will allow to monitor the progress made on women's rights and to work collectively to accelerate women's full participation in the region. UfM Deputy Secretary General on Civil and Social affairs, Marisa Farrugia, stressed: "This follow-up mechanism offers an effective means to monitor and benchmark progress. It is designed to create regional awareness on the challenges that gender gaps pose as well as the opportunities that emerge when action is taken to reduce them. Building inclusive societies, based on equality, in all of its dimensions, is a key component for economic growth and social well-being."Following the recent signature of a cooperation agreement with the Norwegian Government, this year will also see the further implementation of regional projects aiming at fostering women's economic participation, in particular developing their skills and facilitating their access to the labour market and to entrepreneurship. The UfM-labelled projects that will benefit from the Norwegian funding under the new agreement are: - CEED Grow - Growing and Scaling Small and Medium Enterprises". The project is addressed to women entrepreneurs and middle-level managers and seeks to enhance their leadership, management and entrepreneurial skills. It is benefiting 300 small and medium-sized companies, in Albania, Tunisia and Morocco.
- Skills for Success - Employability Skills for Women". The project is providing more than 450 unemployed and economically disadvantaged, secondary-level educated women with the necessary skills, knowledge and tools to enter the labour market in Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon.
- Mediterranean New Chance - MedNC". The project implements innovative and sustainable solutions to address the challenge of socio-professional integration of young people and, particularly, of those who are not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) in Algeria, Egypt, France, Morocco, Tunisia and Spain. Knowledge exchanges are benefiting more than 29,000 unemployed young people, with 60% women. Despite the progress made globally and at regional level, we need at least 99.5 years more to achieve gender equality (economic participation, education, health and political empowerment) according to the findings of the Global Gender Gap Report 2020. In the UfM region, gender parity in Western Europe is estimated at 76.7% (54 years to achieve gender parity) and in MENA region at 61.2% (140 years) indicating there is still a long way to go.--UfM

Japanese Deputy Justice Minister in Lebanon over Ghosn Case
Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Japan's deputy justice minister met top officials in Lebanon Monday over the case of former Nissan´s fugitive ex-boss Carlos Ghosn, who fled to his home country late last year while on bail in Japan and awaiting trial.
State Minister of Justice Hiroyuki Yoshiie met President Michel Aoun, Justice Minister Marie-Claude Najm and Foreign Minister Nassif Hitti. Aoun told Yoshiie that Lebanon had sent a correspondence to Japan over the Ghosn case but had not received any official response, the presidency said on its Twitter feed. Yo  shiie did not speak to reporters after the meetings and is scheduled to hold a news conference later in the day. Ghosn made his first public appearance in Lebanon in early January, saying he fled a "nightmare" that would not end and vowed to defend his name wherever he can get a fair trial. He was arrested in late 2018 and is facing charges of under-reporting income and breach of trust. He says he is innocent. He led Nissan for nearly 20 years. On Friday, Japan's Justice Minister Masako Mori said she was dispatching Yoshiie to Beirut to explain the Japanese criminal justice system and improve cooperation. She said Tokyo hoped Lebanon would gain "a proper understanding of the Japanese criminal justice system."
Japan and Lebanon do not have an extradition treaty and it's unlikely Beirut would agree to send Ghosn back to Japan to face trial. Mori acknowledged that there were "various environments" and laws that underpin each country's stance. Nissan, maker of the Leaf electric car and Z sports car, said in a statement regarding the justice official’s trip that it hoped Ghosn would return to Japan to stand trial, "so that all the facts can be properly established under Japan’s judicial system." Having spent months in detention and struggled to gain his release on bail under stringent conditions, Ghosn said he fled in the belief he could not get a fair trial in Japan. Japan has requested Ghosn’s return through Interpol and issued an arrest warrant after his escape. Lebanese prosecutors issued a travel ban for Ghosn in January and asked him to hand in his French passport following an Interpol-issued notice against him. Nissan’s sales have plunged recently, and it sank into losses for the last fiscal quarter. The brand is widely considered to have been tarnished by the controversy around Ghosn. Last month, Nissan filed a civil damage lawsuit against its fugitive ex-chief, seeking 10 billion yen ($90 million) in damages. The claim added the costs of what Nissan called Ghosn’s "corrupt practices," such as rent for overseas property, use of corporate jets and payments for the internal investigation into wrongdoing.

Japanese Official in Lebanon, Seeks Return of Fugitive Ghosn
Associated Press/Naharnet/March 02/2020
President Michel Aoun on Monday suggested to visiting Japanese deputy justice minister that Nissan's fugitive ex-boss Carlos Ghosn won't be extradited back to Japan and remains in the hands of Lebanon's judiciary, according to a presidential statement. Ghosn was smuggled out of Japan and into his ancestral homeland of Lebanon late last year despite supposedly rigorous surveillance. He jumped $14 million bail to evade charges of financial misconduct that could carry a jail sentence of up to 15 years. Ghosn, who led Nissan for nearly 20 years, says he is innocent and that he fled Japan in the belief he could not get a fair trial there. Hiroyuki Yoshiie, Japan's deputy justice minister, met Monday with President Aoun and the ministers of justice and foreign affairs. Ghosn was arrested in Japan in late 2018 and is facing charges of under-reporting income and breach of trust. A statement released by Aoun's office said the president told Yoshiie that Lebanon repeatedly sent letters to Japan regarding Ghosn's case while he was under arrest without getting any official response. The president stressed the two country's had no extradition treaty, and added that Ghosn entered Lebanon legally through its international airport using his French passport and a Lebanese identity card. Lebanese prosecutors issued a travel ban for Ghosn in January and asked him to hand in his French passport, following an Interpol-issued notice against him. Ghosn made his first public appearance in Lebanon in early January saying he fled a "nightmare" and vowed to defend his name wherever he can get a fair trial. On Friday, Japan's Justice Minister Masako Mori said she was dispatching Yoshiie to Beirut to explain the Japanese criminal justice system and improve cooperation.Nissan, maker of the Leaf electric car and Z sports car, said in a statement regarding the justice  official's trip that it hoped Ghosn would return to Japan to stand trial, "so that all the facts can be properly established under Japan's judicial system." Nissan's sales have plunged recently, and the brand is widely considered to have been tarnished by the controversy around Ghosn.

Nissan Case over Ghosn's Beirut Home to End This Month

Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 02/2020
Nissan's lawsuit in Lebanon against former CEO Carlos Ghosn over his use of a Beirut home will wrap up at the end of March, the carmaker's lawyer told AFP on Monday. The Japanese auto giant filed a case 15 months ago against Ghosn on the grounds he was illegally using a large residence paid for by Nissan in central Beirut. Nissan lawyer Sakher al-Hashem said the car manufacturer wants Ghosn, who has been living it since he jumped bail in Japan and took refuge in Lebanon, to vacate the house. A hearing was held on Monday and the next, which Hashem said would be the last before a ruling, was scheduled for March 30 by a Beirut court. A judge last month rejected Ghosn's request to have security guards stationed outside his residence by Nissan removed. Ghosn considers he is the rightful owner of the distinctive house with pink walls and pale blue shutters, located on an upmarket street of the capital.
The former head of the Nissan-Renault-Mitsubishi alliance fled Japan, where he faces several years in jail on charges of financial misconduct, late last year. He reached Lebanon in mysterious circumstances and has rarely been seen in public since launching a spirited defense at a well-choreographed January 8 press conference.

Hezbollah Has a New Strategy to Survive Lebanon’s Financial Crisis
حنين غدار: حزب الله عنده استراتجية جديدة للخروج من أزمة لبنان المالية
Hanin Ghaddar/The Washington Institute/March 02/2020
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Unless Washington and its allies respond to the protestors’ legitimate demands for reform, the group will survive through measures such as expanding its smuggling activity, promoting its financial institutions, and selectively scapegoating corrupt politicians.
When IMF officials visited Lebanon late last month amid its accelerating economic freefall, many wondered whether these developments might alter the behavior of Hezbollah, the designated terrorist group that has a deep financial stake in the country’s public and private sectors. During a previous funding crisis—the increase in U.S. sanctions against the group’s chief underwriter, Iran—the “Party of God” and its foreign sponsors formulated a new strategy to evade these measures and create alternative sources of funding. Such sources allowed Hezbollah to make further inroads into government agencies following the 2018 parliamentary elections. For example, the group’s leaders insisted on controlling the Health Ministry, which commands Lebanon’s fourth-largest budget at $338 million per year; they also gained more access to the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, the Agriculture Ministry, and the Ministry of Energy and Water, whose assistance was used to fund their affiliated projects and businesses.
That worked until Lebanon’s own economy began its current nosedive. Unemployment has hit a record high of 40 percent, and the lira has slumped by about 60 percent on the parallel market, hiking inflation. Officially pegged to the dollar, the currency has plummeted 40 percent on the black market as local banks ration dollars necessary for imports of food, medicine, and other essential goods. Meanwhile, Lebanon has one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios in the world (over 150 percent) and may not be able to pay $1.2 billion in Eurobonds this month. As with the Iran sanctions, however, Hezbollah has a strategy to survive this domestic pressure, at least in the near term.
IMF TALKS JUST A DISTRACTION
To buy more time for establishing and cultivating alternative funding sources, Hezbollah gave its blessing for the newly formed government it controls to receive a small delegation from the IMF last month. Hezbollah officials made very clear that this was nonbinding technical assistance and would never materialize into a full IMF program for Lebanon. “We do not accept submitting to the International Monetary Fund to manage the crisis,” said deputy leader Naim Qassem during a February 25 press conference, disparaging the organization as an imperialist tool.
The group’s resistance to deeper IMF involvement is rooted in the fact that a full assistance program would allow the Fund to access major state institutions and impose serious reforms, thereby shaking Hezbollah’s clientelist system and exposing its financial operations to the international community. For example, one proposed reform would close all illegal points of entry between Lebanon and Syria while exerting more control over the country’s air and sea ports—an outcome that would seriously impede the group’s smuggling of goods and weapons. Another top IMF issue is the electricity sector, which the group would prefer to leave unreformed because it benefits from the alternative energy sector (e.g., Hezbollah entities set up large generator networks that can provide power to whole neighborhoods, then charge residents a premium for a service that is supposed to be provided by the state).
At the same time, Hezbollah likely welcomes initial, noncommittal IMF discussions as a distraction from its real goals: implementing a strategy to maintain power in Lebanon during and after its economic collapse, repairing its tarnished image within the Shia community, and, most important, securing sources of funding that can withstand the crash. Its methods of achieving these goals are numerous.
PROMOTING AND SMUGGLING IRANIAN PRODUCTS
Hezbollah has been taking advantage of the economic crisis to promote Iranian products in Lebanon, which are brought in tax free and are therefore very cheap. After the group launched its campaign to boycott American products last month, many of its social media outlets started promoting Iranian goods as replacements. It is no secret that Tehran has been flooding the Lebanese market with various products for years and will likely continue accelerating these efforts amid ongoing pressure. Between 2017 and 2019, for example, Iranian steel imports to Lebanon reportedly jumped from $13,000 to $1.4 million. Medications are another major Iranian import that Hezbollah promotes. On February 26, the U.S. Treasury Department highlighted this link by slapping terrorist designations on several Lebanese pharmaceutical companies affiliated with Hezbollah’s Martyrs Foundation.
To sidestep such pressure and maintain the flow of Iranian goods, Hezbollah recently increased its smuggling operations—not only along the Lebanon-Syria border, but also to the rest of the region. Most of the merchants and customers involved in this unregulated, often illegal trade are close to Hezbollah’s business and support networks, potentially allowing the group to emerge from the economic crash less damaged than the rest of Lebanon’s businesses.
ELEVATING AL-QARD AL-HASSAN
When Lebanese banks began limiting the withdrawal of U.S. dollars in late October, many depositors decided to take out as many dollars as they could in cash. An estimated $5 billion has been withdrawn in the past four months alone.
Hezbollah is trying to benefit from this unofficial public cash reserve in two ways. First, it is intensifying its rhetoric against the banking system in order to divert public ire from the group’s own role in rampant corruption. Second, it is encouraging people to use Hezbollah financial institutions to exchange and deposit their money—especially al-Qard al-Hassan, a U.S.-designated foundation that has recently become the group’s main money exchanger and the default bank replacement for its Shia constituency. As the economy deteriorates further, more citizens may feel compelled to resort to such institutions, which will likely have U.S. dollars available at cheaper rates than the black markets.
LEGALIZING MARIJUANA
Hezbollah recently abandoned its history of nuanced objection to marijuana legalization, raising questions about its motives. On February 26, parliament was finally permitted to approve a long-delayed bill legalizing the crop’s cultivation for medical and industrial purposes.
Many locals believe that this step could benefit Lebanon economically, since the UN ranks the country as the world’s fourth-largest producer of marijuana. Yet others worry that Hezbollah will be the prime beneficiary given its control over the state institutions that will determine how this sector is managed and utilized.
GETTING RID OF BERRI
When Lebanese Shia protestors took to the streets in the cities of Nabatiyah, Tyre, and Baalbek, Hezbollah seemingly concluded that its constituency was getting out of control. Although these demonstrations were against corruption in general, they indirectly targeted Hezbollah as the main protector of corrupt politicians. In the eyes of local Shia, the most prominent of these politicians is Nabih Berri, the speaker of parliament and head of Hezbollah rival-cum-political partner the Amal Movement.
To resolve this issue and reconstruct its image among the Shia, Hezbollah is planning to throw Berri under the bus. Doing so would allow the group to kill two birds with one stone: proving to the Shia community that it will no longer protect corruption, and taking over Berri’s share within state institutions and Shia business networks. Replacing Berri as speaker has already been in the works for a while, with two candidates leading the pack: Jamil Assayed, the former head of General Security and a close ally to Syria’s Assad regime, and Abbas Ibrahim, the current head of General Security.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Hezbollah’s new strategy can help it survive, but not for too long. When the group stated its objection to an IMF program for Lebanon, it did not offer an alternative to save the state from eventual bankruptcy. Without at least the shell of a state, Hezbollah’s plan cannot be sustained. The group’s officials are aware of this time limit and, much like their patrons in Iran, appear to hope that the U.S. presidential election in November brings in a new administration willing to ease the maximum pressure policy.
To counter Hezbollah’s plan and help the Lebanese people survive this crisis, the United States and its allies should expand the sanctions against corrupt individuals. The group relies on allies from all sects and on the countrywide system of corruption that protects its interests in the seaport, airport, and illegal smuggling routes. The U.S. Global Magnitsky Act is a good tool for tackling this issue and responding to the demands of demonstrators.
Moreover, while bailing out the current government would only make the problem worse, providing humanitarian aid could help counter Hezbollah’s attempts to promote Iranian medications and other essential goods. This effort should be conducted via international organizations already working in Lebanon, not through government organizations or local municipalities that could benefit Hezbollah and the corrupt system.
Finally, Washington should keep pushing the Lebanese Armed Forces to protect protestors and punish all units and officers who commit violations against them. Hezbollah’s strategy can only work if the current system and political elite remain intact—that is, only a Hezbollah-controlled parliament can ensure that the group’s preferred candidates for speaker, president, and security posts are appointed and its alternative funding sources are preserved. Protestors keep demanding early elections and a truly representative electoral law that could change the legislature’s makeup drastically. Washington and its allies should catch that momentum while it is still alive, and interrupt Hezbollah’s survival plan in the process.
*Hanin Ghaddar is the Friedmann Visiting Fellow in The Washington Institute’s Geduld Program on Arab Politics.

The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on March 02-03/2020
Syria Regime Forces Re-enter Saraqeb
Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Syrian regime forces re-entered the northwestern town of Saraqeb on Monday after losing it days earlier to opposition fighters, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and state media said. "Regime forces with Russian air cover were able to retake complete control of the town of Saraqeb on the Damascus-Aleppo highway," the war monitor said. Syrian state news agency SANA said the army had re-entered the town after violent clashes with Turkey-backed fighters. Opposition spokesman Naji Mustafa, however, said regime leader Bashar al-Assad's forces had only taken part of the ghost town long emptied of its inhabitants. "Assad's forces have launched an assault on Saraqeb and very violent clashes are ongoing inside," the spokesman for the National Liberation Front said. Pro-government forces for the first time in years wrested control of the town on February 8, but militants and allied fighters then re-entered on Thursday. Since December, Russia-backed regime forces have led a deadly military offensive against the last major opposition stronghold of Idlib, where Turkey supports some opposition groups. The assault has caused almost a million people to flee their homes and shelters in the middle of winter.
The Observatory said Damascus deployed regime troops and allied fighters from Lebanon's Hezbollah as reinforcements to the Saraqeb area late Sunday in preparation for an assault on the town. Up to 23 rebels and extremists were killed in Russian airstrikes and clashes overnight, Observatory chief Rami Abdel Rahman said. Violence has escalated between regime fighters and Turkish forces in the Idlib region in the past weeks, killing dozens of troops on each side. On Sunday, Turkey confirmed a full military operation in northwest Syria after a Thursday airstrike blamed on Damascus killed 34 Turkish soldiers.
The Observatory says more than 90 regime soldiers have been killed in Turkish bombardment since Friday, as have 10 Hezbollah fighters. Saraqeb is a strategic prize for the Syrian regime. The town lies at the intersection of the M5 and M4 highways, which connect the capital and regime coastal stronghold Latakia with second city Aleppo respectively. On Sunday, SANA reported that the government shot down a Turkish drone near Saraqeb, publishing footage of an aircraft tumbling from the sky in flames. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin, whose support for Assad turned the tide of the war five years ago, are due to meet in Russia on Thursday to seek agreement on Idlib.

US President Trump recognizes Greece’s right to enforce border laws: Greek PM
Agencies/Monday, 2 March 2020
Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis spoke with US President Donald Trump over the migration crisis evolving on Greece’s borders with Turkey, a statement from the Greek premier’s office said on Monday.
Trump “recognized the right of Greece to enforce the law on its borders,” the statement added. Greece has suspended asylum procedures to prevent thousands of migrants crossing its border from Turkey. The Turkish government opened its border last week to let migrants reach Europe, saying it anticipated an imminent migrant wave from Syria’s Idlib region due to an escalation of conflict there. More than 10,000 migrants have attempted in recent days to cross into Greece from Turkey’s land border. Guards have fired tear gas into crowds caught between the fences in no-man’s land.

Syrian refugee died after trying to cross the Turkey-Greece border: Sources

Reuters/Monday, 2 March 2020
A Syrian refugee seeking to cross from Turkey into Greece died from injuries on Monday after Greek security forces intervened to prevent the passage of migrants gathered on the border, two Turkish security sources told Reuters, a claim denied by Athens. Eyewitness footage showed a group of men carrying a young man with bloody wounds to his head through a wooded area near the Turkish border town of Enez. Greek government spokesman Stelios Petsas said the video circulating on social media was “fake news”. Reuters spoke to the source whose voice can be heard in the video. He gave a detailed account of what happened which matched other reports. He also shared the location with Reuters which was confirmed by two Turkish officials. The video also matches similar videos of the incident. The incident occurred after the Turkish government opened its border last week to let migrants reach Europe, saying it anticipated an imminent migrant wave from Syria’s Idlib region due to an escalation of conflict there. It was not clear how the migrant had been wounded. More than 10,000 migrants have attempted in recent days to cross into Greece from Turkey’s land border. Guards have fired tear gas into crowds caught between the fences in no-man’s land.

EU top officials to visit Greece’s border with Turkey over migrant crisis
AFP/Monday, 2 March 2020
The top three chiefs of the EU’s institutions – its executive, parliament, and Council – are to visit Greece’s border with Turkey in support for Athens as it confronts a building migration crisis, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said Monday. Council President Charles Michel, European Parliament President David Sassoli and von der Leyen will accompany Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to the frontier on Tuesday, she told a Brussels media conference. Greece has suspended asylum procedures to prevent thousands of migrants crossing its border from Turkey, whose President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is facilitating the flow to pressure the EU to support him as his forces escalate combat in Syria. “I acknowledge that Turkey is in a difficult situation in regards to the refugees and migrants, but what we see now cannot be the answer and the solution,” von der Leyen said. “The challenge that Greece is facing right now is a European challenge,” she added.

One Turkish customs agent killed in rocket attack near Iranian border
Reuters, Ankara/Monday, 2 March 2020
Turkish security forces launched an operation to hunt attackers near the Iranian frontier on Monday after one Turkish customs agent was killed when a rocket hit an armored bus carrying customs staff. The rocket struck the vehicle’s front wheel around 0550 GMT on Monday, Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu said on Twitter. He said “the terrorists were followed and cornered,” but did not specify who the attackers were believed to be. Turkish Trade Minister Rushar Pekcan said one of the customs agents was killed and several others wounded, including four in critical condition.
The office of the governor of Agri province said the vehicle was hit while in transit from the Dogubayazit area to a border gate at Gurbulak, causing it to skid off the road and flip over. It did not say who had carried out the attack. The vehicle was near a parking lot for freight trucks some 3km (2 miles) from the border, hospital and security sources said. Ambulances, security forces and search and rescue teams were sent to the area. Some Turkish media reports said the attack was carried out by Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) militants, who have fought an insurgency against the Turkish state since 1984. The PKK are active in southeast Turkey but less so in Agri. Television footage showed helicopters flying over the area after the attack, while Turkey’s state-owned Anadolu news agency said two combat helicopters had fired rounds on “areas where terrorists are believed to be.”Anadolu said a soldier was critically wounded when an explosive was detonated during reconnaissance operations in the area. Earlier this month, Turkey closed its land and air borders with Iran over an outbreak of the new coronavirus.

Iraq’s Adil Abdul Mahdi says will walk away from caretaker PM role
Reuters, Baghdad/Monday, 2 March 2020
Adil Abdul Mahdi will walk away from his role as Iraq’s caretaker prime minister and will not conduct most of his official duties, he said in a statement on Monday, deepening a political crisis in the oil producer.
Abdul Mahdi called on parliament to call early elections on Dec. 4, the statement said, which came a day after lawmakers failed to approve a cabinet of his designated successor Mohammed Allawi, who later then withdrew his candidacy. President Barham Salih announced that he will begin consultations to choose a replacement within two weeks.

UN Report: Russia, Turkey May Have Carried out War Crimes in Syria

Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
UN investigators said on Monday that Russia and Turkey have committed actions in Syria that could amount to war crimes. A report by a UN commission on the period between July, 2019 and Feb 2020, found that Russia conducted airstrikes on a popular market and a camp for displaced people that killed dozens of civilians in July and August. "In both incidents, the Russian Air Force did not direct the attacks at a specific military objective, amounting to the war crime of launching indiscriminate attacks in civilian areas," it said. The UN investigators called for ensuring accountability for a "multitude of violations".The report highlighted abuses by rebels allied to Turkey during an assault against Kurdish-held areas, saying if the rebels were acting under the control of Turkish military forces, those commanders may be liable for war crimes. It also demanded Turkey to investigate whether it carried out an airstrike on a civilian convoy near Ras al Ain that killed 11 people last October. Turkey earlier denied having any role in the strike, however the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said it was conducted by Turkish air craft, according to Reuters. It also blamed Russia for a strike in Maarat al-Numan on July 22 that killed at least 43 civilians. Two residential buildings and up to 25 shops were destroyed after at Russian planes left Hmeimim air base and circled the area. The report said that only few weeks later, another attack on the Haas compound for displaced killed no less than 20 people and injured 40 others. The dead included women and children. "Based on the evidence available, including witness testimonies, video footage, data imagery as well as reports by flight spotters, flight communication intercepts and early warning observation reports, the Commission has reasonable grounds to believe that a Russian aircraft participated in each incident described," it said. A surge in fighting in northwest Syria has uprooted 1 million civilians since December. On Monday, Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan called on Syrian regime forces in northwest Syria to withdraw to lines determined by Ankara, adding that their losses in attacks by Turkey and rebel forces were just beginning. "If they do not withdraw to the lines Turkey has determined as soon as possible, they will not have a head left on their shoulders," Erdogan said in a speech in Ankara, Reuters reported.

Turkish Raids Kill Iranian Militia Members in Syria

Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Turkish raids targeting the de-escalation zone in northwest of Syria has killed 21 Iranian militia members, Anadolu Agency reported citing Iranian sources.Iran's state TV confirmed the casualties saying they were members of the ‘Fatemiyoun’ and ‘Zainebiyoun’ pro-regime brigades and have been killed last Friday. Iran’s Military Advisory Center (MAC) in Syria revealed on Sunday that the Turkish attacks continue in Idlib, calling on Ankara to use logic in handling the ongoing conflict and to act based on the Syrian people's best interest. The Center issued orders to its forces not to respond militarily to Turkish raids, following the injury of Lebanese and Iranian members. "We confirm once again that all Turkish troops fighting in Idlib are in our range and they are an easy target for us if we wanted to take revenge. However, we have called on our military leaders to act with self-restraint," MAC said in one of its statements. The Turkish attacks killed 10 members from the Lebanese ‘Hezbollah’ in Idlib countryside and members from other militias including one from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan discussed on Saturday afternoon with his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani the updates in Idlib. Also, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Chavush Oglu discussed on Sunday the preparations for the two presidents’ meeting, Turkish sources said.

EU Calls For Urgent Foreign Ministers’ Meeting to Discuss Developments in Syria
Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
EU foreign ministers are set to hold an emergency meeting next week to discuss the worsening Syria situation that is driving thousands of refugees to the borders between Turkey and Greece. EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs Josep Borrell warned in a statement on Sunday from the worsening conflict.
"The ongoing renewed fighting in and around Idlib represents a serious threat to international peace and security. It is causing an untold human suffering among the population, and having a grave impact on the region and beyond," he said. "I am therefore calling for an extraordinary meeting of the Foreign Affairs Council next week to discuss the unfolding situation, in particular at the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece," Borrell added. Greek police fired tear gas to repel hundreds of migrants who tried to force their way across the border from Turkey on Sunday, with thousands more behind them after Ankara relaxed curbs on their movement, according to Reuters. The Greek government called the confrontations a threat to national security. “Do not attempt to enter Greece illegally - you will be turned back,” Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said on Twitter after a security meeting on the situation. “The present situation is an active, serious, severe and asymmetrical threat to the national security of the country,” Greek government spokesman Stelios Petsas told reporters, “These ... people are being used by Turkey as pawns to exert diplomatic pressure,” he stressed. Turkey said on Thursday it would let migrants cross its borders into Europe, despite a commitment to hold them in its territory under a 2016 deal with the European Union.

Syrian Regime Increases Gasoline Prices, Rations Internet Usage

Damascus - Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
The Syrian Ministry of Communications and Technology began Sunday implementing a decision on Internet rationing, which would result in a rise in the costs of usage. The government also, and without any prior notice, decided to increase the price of gasoline by SYP25/liter all over Syria, reaching SYP250/liter, as the exchange rate of the Syrian pound against the US dollar stands at SYP1030. Inflation is already high, but observers expressed fears of soaring prices after the hike in the price of gasoline. In an attempt to appease the country’s poorest and most vulnerable population, a decree was issued on a SYP20,000 increase in the salaries of the families of “martyrs,” the missing and soldiers and policemen suffering from huge disabilities. Internet usage was rationed, which despite its bad shape,is the only means for Syrians to stay connected amid severe power cuts, a stifling domestic gas crisis, and the deterioration in the purchasing power of more than 85 percent of the Syrian people living below the poverty line. The Ministry of Communications and Technology began applying the new mechanism for rationing Internet usage by setting a threshold for the use of ADSL. If the user exceeds usage limit, speed is reduced.
Immediately after the announcement of the new mechanism, a storm of criticism erupted. MP Nabil Saleh warned against its consequences, saying that he, and 10 other parliamentarians, submitted a request to interrogate Minister of Communications Iyad al-Khatib.
Saleh wrote on his Facebook page that the Ministry is looking for profits without heeding the economic and psychological consequences that its decisions would have on the people, who have been suffering from a devastating war, soaring inflation, and the loss of basic necessities and living standards. Former Minister of Communications Amr Salem responded angrily to Saleh, defending the new decision, saying the law targets users who “unfairly” use the Internet, and exchange hundreds of videos daily. Saleh failed to collect 10 signatures to question the Minister of Oil for depriving a large segment of the Syrian people from cooking gas. He wasn’t either able to collect enough signatures to interrogate the Minister of Internal Trade for further worsening the people’s difficult living conditions. But the lawmaker was successful in gathering 10 signatures to interrogate the Minister of Communications over the Internet usage limit.

Israel votes for third time in a year
The New Arab & agencies/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Israelis were voting for a third time in 12 months on Monday, with embattled Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu seeking to end the country's political crisis and save his career.
The vote comes just two weeks before the right-wing premier stands trial over a series of corruption allegations, but final polls indicated his support was holding, suggesting another close race between his Likud and the centrist Blue and White party.
Both will almost certainly fall well short of a majority in Israel's proportional system and the winner will seek to form a coalition with multiple smaller parties. After elections in both April and September last year neither were able to do so, and a similar deadlock remains possible.
With few undecided in a divided country of 6.4 million eligible voters, turnout will be key and all parties were campaigning to get their supporters to the polls. Netanyahu, in power since 2009, said Sunday internal polls suggested they were close to winning and finally breaking the political deadlock. "We are very close to victory," Israel's longest-serving premier told a press conference. "Leave your homes and vote Likud."Blue and White leader Benny Gantz, a former military general, urged supporters to vote and end Netanyahu's divisive rule.
"You can't just sit at home clicking your tongue, saying 'what's happening here,'" Gantz told public radio Sunday. "Get out and vote."Fourth round? In April's election each party won 35 seats, while in September Blue and White garnered 33 against Likud's 32.
A number of rightwing parties, including two ultra-Orthodox Jewish parties who last time won 17 seats between them, have already pledged to support Netanyahu. The Joint List, a coalition representing Israel's Arab minority, won 13 seats in September and backed Gantz, as did a number of smaller leftwing parties. In January, Netanyahu was officially charged with bribery, fraud and breach of trust, becoming the first sitting Israeli leader to be indicted. The 70-year-old will face trial from March 17 on charges including receiving improper gifts worth thousands of dollars and offering a media mogul lucrative regulatory changes in exchange for favourable coverage. Netanyahu has dominated Likud for twenty years and maintains a deep loyalty in the party, easily defeating a recent leadership challenge. He has denied all charges, accusing the state prosecution, media and others of a witch-hunt. Polls suggest Likud's support has held firm. In January, US President Donald Trump unveiled controversial peace proposals greenlighting Israel's annexation of settlements and swathes of land in the occupied West Bank, sparking Palestinian outrage. Bolstered by US support, Netanyahu has campaigned on building thousands more homes in Jewish settlements in the territory. All settlements are considered illegal by the international community. Gantz, a security hawk who previously led the Israeli military, has also welcomed the Trump proposals. Despite backing Gantz, the Joint List has campaigned on opposition to the Trump proposals, which were immediately rejected by the Palestinian leadership.

Israel Admits Was Behind Assassination of Son of Islamic Jihad Official
Tel Aviv- Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Israeli Defense Minister Naftali Bennett has announced for the first time that Israel is responsible for the attack on Damascus that killed, Muadh, the son of a senior Islamic Jihad official Akram al-Ajouri four months ago. Bennett's statement came in the context of his election campaign in an attempt to present himself as a game-changer in the army's and government's policies towards the Palestinians. The operation was conducted on Nov. 12 in retaliation against Islamic Jihad launching a missile against Ashdod during an elections meeting for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu – the latter had to stop his speech and flee the hall in a humiliating manner. The failed assassination attempt occurred on the night that Israel assassinated senior Islamic Jihad militant Baha Abu al-Atta in the Gaza Strip. Until now, Israel has not accepted responsibility for the attack in Damascus, although it has been attributed to it by foreign media outlets.
Bennett said during a TV interview that "upon taking office, we eliminated Baha (Abu Al-Atta) and indeed attacked Damascus. Until today, when they were shooting from Gaza, we responded in Gaza… but haven’t eliminated terrorists in Damascus."Claiming responsibility for the operation came as a shock, especially that Bennett wasn’t a defense minister back then.

Erekat: PA Under Toxic US Campaign

Ramallah - Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
The secretary of the PLO’s Executive Committee, Saeb Erekat, said that the Palestinian leadership was under a “fierce and toxic” campaign. “It is clear that the ‘NO’ that President Mahmoud Abbas has raised in the face of the United States will have significant costs for our people to pay,” Erekat told Palestine’s official radio station. He also accused Washington of trying to weaken the Palestinian leadership and shake its credibility. “Take US ambassador to Israel David Friedman for example. He lied twice in a short time saying that East Jerusalem will be the capital of Palestine, despite the presence of a literal text in the ‘conspiracy of the era’ that reads: The capital will be in Kafr Aqab and Abu Dis. Second, he spoke about contacts taking place with the Palestinians. This is a lie.”“Through such statements, Friedman wants to undermine the credibility of the PLO, the government and the national authority in front of our people and our Arab brothers,” he noted. Erekat’s comments came in response to the US ambassador who had said that his administration was conducting negotiations through back-channel channels with the Palestinians on the so-called “deal of the century.”“I challenge Friedman to reveal the name of one Palestinian official in contact with the Trump administration,” the PLO official stressed.

Hamas Sends Delegations to Cairo, Moscow

Ramallah - Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
A high-ranking Hamas delegation arrived in Cairo on Sunday at an Egyptian invitation to mainly discuss the border issue and a potential truce with Israel in the Gaza Strip. Hamas spokesman Hazem Qassem said the delegation is in Cairo as part of the continuous communication between the two sides. “The delegation will discuss main issues related to means of ending the aggression on the Gaza Strip and Egypt’s role in easing the humanitarian crisis caused by the Israeli siege,” he said. It will also tackle Cairo’s role in helping bridge divides between Palestinians to confront the so-called “deal of the century” US peace proposal. Egypt had last week invited Hamas officials to visit Cairo to discuss important files. The delegation is headed by Rouhi Moushtaha, a member of the political bureau and the movement's representative in Cairo. Last month, an Egyptian delegation had traveled to the coastal enclave to support security measures implemented by Hamas at the border between Gaza and Egypt and to strengthen the truce agreement between Israel and Palestinian factions. Egypt has played a key role in brokering informal ceasefire understandings between Hamas and Israel. Tension grew in Gaza after the unveiling of the US peace plan on January 28. Palestinian parties in the West Bank and Gaza strongly rejected the proposal, saying it was heavily biased towards Israel and eliminates their hope for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. Meanwhile, another Hamas delegation, headed by the movement’s politburo chief Ismail Haniyeh, arrived in Moscow to discuss the peace plan and Russia's role in supporting Palestinian rights. Hamas’ relationship with Russia began in 2006 when the movement won the legislative elections. Hamas is seeking to intensify its contacts with Moscow to strengthen its position in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and to persuade Russia to foil Washington’s peace plan, mainly through its veto at the United Nations Security Council.

Ashmawy among 37 Sentenced to Death in Egypt on Terror Charges
Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
An Egyptian court on Monday sentenced to death 37 defendants, including one of the country’s most high-profile terrorists, following their conviction of terrorism-related charges. The Cairo Criminal Court said the defendants were charged with belonging to a local affiliate of the ISIS group that is active in the Sinai Peninsula. Among those sentenced to death was Hisham al-Ashmawy. The terrorist leader is a former army officer, who was returned to Cairo in May last year after he was captured in Libya late in 2018 by the Libyan National Army. A military court separately sentenced al-Ashmawy to death in November for his participation in scores of attacks on government targets. Egypt has been fighting for years militants in the restive northern Sinai area and the vast Western Desert. The men are among more than 200 defendants accused of carrying out more than 50 militant attacks that included killing high-ranking police officers and bombings that targeted the Egyptian capital’s police headquarters. The charges include a 2013 assassination attempt on the Egyptian interior minister. The court also sentenced 61 defendants to life in prison, and 85 others got sentences ranging from 15 to 5 years in prison.
Monday’s verdict can be appealed before a higher court. For years, Egypt’s security forces considered al-Ashmawy the country’s most wanted terrorist for his intelligence value. He is accused of orchestrating several attacks. He was convicted on several charges, including plotting a 2014 attack that killed 22 military guards near the frontier with Libya, and involvement in an attempt to kill a former interior minister in 2013. The former special forces officer, who is in his 40s, was dismissed in 2012 over his radical views. He joined Ansar Beit al-Maqdis based in the restive Sinai of eastern Egypt but broke off after the group pledged allegiance to the ISIS group in November 2014. Known by his nom de guerre "Abu Omar al-Muhajir", Ashmawy announced the formation of an al-Qaeda-aligned group, Al-Mourabitoun in Libya, in July 2015.

Borrell Stresses EU’s Commitment to Support Democratic Transition in Sudan

Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs Josep Borrell underlined Europe’s strong commitment to support the democratic transition and reform agenda that is underway in Sudan since the 2019 revolution. The EU official paid a visit to Sudan on Saturday and Sunday. During his first official visit to the country, Borrell met with Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok and the Chairman of the Sovereign Council General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Borrell focused on the country’s political and economic transition and reforms, the opportunities to further enhance bilateral EU-Sudan relations, as well as the development and stability of the wider region. He confirmed to the Sudanese authorities that the EU remains firmly behind the historic reform process of the new civilian-led transitional government. He announced an additional support of 100 million euros to consolidate the democratic transition, on top of the ongoing 150 million euro package. “The European Union will continue to play an active role in supporting and consolidating the political transition in Sudan, to accompany the country on its path of political and economic reforms and to continue to support the Sudanese people in their quest for democracy, peace and stability. I met many young people who were at the origin of the revolution, and they are impatient to see the peace dividends,” said Borrell. He also gave a keynote speech at the University of Khartoum and had an exchange of views with students. In his speech, he praised the visionary generation of young Sudanese, who contributed greatly to the peaceful change in the country. In the discussions, he commended the youth for their role in the revolution and encouraged the students to remain engaged in the democratic process, to ensure the future of Sudan will fulfill their ideals of peace, freedom and justice. On the same day, an informal ministerial meeting was held in Khartoum between Borrell and the Foreign Ministers of the member countries of the Inter-governmental Authority for Development (IGAD). The meeting focused on security, stability and prosperity of the Horn of Africa.
Borrell reiterated the EU’s commitment to the region and the Union’s readiness to support the regional integration and to step up cooperation with IGAD and its member states. On Sunday, Borrell traveled to North Darfur, where he met with the local authorities. He also visited camp Zamzam, which hosts 120 000 Internally Displaced Population. He stressed that the EU continues to stand in solidarity with the people affected by conflict and humanitarian crisis. “For years, the EU has supported the provision of basic services to prevent a deterioration of the situation of people who were forced to leave there home due to conflict, including in Darfur. During my exchanges with the camp inhabitants, I had the opportunity to hear first-hand about the need to improve living conditions,” he added. “While the situation has improved in recent years, much more has to be done. At the beginning of this year, I can already announce that the EU will provide an additional €30 million in humanitarian aid to Sudan.”

Tripoli Ceasefire on Verge of Collapse as Fighting Intensifies
Cairo – Khaled Mahmoud/Asharq Al-Awsat/Monday, 2 March, 2020
Violations of the fragile United Nations ceasefire continued in Tripoli on Sunday, while the Libyan National Army (LNA) announced that its forces were advancing on several fronts against militias loyal to the Government of National Accord (GNA). LNA sources said its forces succeeded in breaching GNA defenses on the al-Aziziyeh and al-Hira fronts near Tripoli. GNA media claimed heavy losses among LNA ranks in al-Aziziyeh. Sources from both warring parties reported fighting with heavy weapons on the Ain Zara and al-Ramleh fronts south of Tripoli. GNA sources claimed that seven LNA members were detained in the fighting. The allegation was quickly refuted by a military source. It instead said 12 members of pro-GNA militias were killed in the fighting. The sounds of explosions were also heard near the Mitiga air base near the capital. Meanwhile, the interim government in eastern Libya announced it had signed memorandums of understanding with the Syrian regime on reopening diplomatic missions and coordinating stances at international arenas. A delegation from Prime Minister Abdullah al-Thani’s interim government made a surprise visit to Damascus on Sunday. It was the first such trip since the overthrow of the regime of late Libyan leader Moammar al-Gaddafi in 2011. The delegation included Thani’s deputy, the ministers of foreign affairs and defense and intelligence chief. They met with Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Muallem and his deputy. They agreed that their defense ministries and intelligence agencies would exchange information about the thousands of pro-Turkey Syrian terrorists who were sent to Tripoli and the Libyan fugitives who had joined the al-Nusra Front and ISIS terror groups in Syria. The Thani government said the visit was part of political and security coordination efforts aimed at countering terrorism and the Turkish aggression against Libya and Syria. Turkey backs the GNA, and also backs Syrian opposition factions fighting against the regime. Turkey has recently sent thousands of its troops into the last opposition-held stronghold in Syria, and the past week has seen a major escalation in direct conflict between Syrian and Turkish forces, with dozens killed on both sides. Ankara has also sent Syrian mercenaries to Libya to support the GNA against an LNA offensive against Tripoli.

United Nations special envoy to Libya Ghassan Salame resigns
News Agencies/The National/March 02/2020
He said on Twitter he had tried for two and a half years to reunite Libyans and prevent foreign intervention
The United Nation’s envoy for Libya Ghassan Salame resigned on Monday, saying he can no longer continue his work because of health reasons. “My health no longer allows this rate of stress,” Mr Salame wrote in a tweet on Monday, adding that he had asked UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres to be relieved of his post. The former Lebanese minister of culture has played a key role heading the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). In his tweet he mentioned recent attempts aimed at reconciling the warring factions in Libya’s bitter civil war, saying he had worked for two years seeking to “reunite Libyans, curb external interference and preserve the unity of the country”.In January world leaders met in Berlin at a high-stakes summit to discuss ways to end the conflict. At the talks in Germany, Mr Salame spearheaded efforts to broker a lasting ceasefire in the Libyan capital Tripoli and check foreign interference in the North African nation. Libya has been plagued by violence following the 2011 uprisings and subsequent Nato-backed intervention that ousted 40-year ruler Muammar Al Qaddafi. In 2014 the country erupted in an internecine civil war pitting eastern and western factions against one another. In April 2019, the head of the Libyan National Army (LNA) launched his offensive against Tripoli-based Government of National Accord (GNA). Since then the conflict has increasingly drawn in international powers. The talks in Berlin failed to achieve Mr Salame’s goal of a lasting truce in Tripoli. The summit’s other achievements, announcing a commitment by international powers to Libya’s much-flouted arms embargo and the start of military talks in Geneva have also unravelled in the intervening weeks. Mr Salame’s successor will face an unenviable list of obstacles as they look to resurrect negotiations that were suspended at the end of February.

Putin Proposes to Enshrine God, Heterosexual Marriage in Constitution
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/March 02/2020
Russian President Vladimir Putin has submitted to parliament a number of proposed constitutional changes, including amendments that mention God and stipulate that marriage is a union of a man and woman.
Putin unleashed a political storm in January by proposing an overhaul of the constitution, the first changes to the basic law since 1993. Shortly afterwards, the lower house unanimously approved the constitutional reform bill in a first reading after less than two hours of debate. Ahead of a second and key reading set for next week, Putin submitted new proposals running to 24 pages, State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin said. "The president's amendments are the result of his dialogue with representatives of all factions (and) civil society," he said in comments released by the State Duma, or parliament. The proposed amendments enshrine the mention of Russians' "faith in God" and also stipulate that marriage is a heterosexual union, deputy speaker Pyotr Tolstoy said. Most Russians identify as Orthodox Christians, but Russia is officially a secular state. The new amendments also ban giving away Russian territory, and any call promoting such a move would also be outlawed. A member of a Kremlin-appointed constitutional working group, actor Vladimir Mashkov, has suggested that such an amendment would ensure that Russia keeps Crimea -- which it annexed from Ukraine in 2014 -- or the Kuril Islands -- disputed with Japan for decades -- even after Putin quits power.
Historic truth
The amendments also seek to protect historic truth. The Russian leader has repeatedly railed against attempts to "rewrite" history and complained that the West does not fully appreciate the huge losses sustained by the Soviet Union during World War II. Russia is set to hold large-scale celebrations this year, 75 years after the Allied victory over the Nazis. Tolstoy praised the draft legislation. "I believe that most of the proposals that have been discussed have been taken into account," he told AFP, adding he was glad the president supported his heterosexual marriage proposal. The 67-year-old Putin, who has dominated Russia for 20 years, has sought to cast himself as a defender of traditional values and rally support by promoting anti-Western and conservative ideas.Putin's fourth stint in the Kremlin has seen a strong pivot to more conservative policies, with groups promoting fundamentalist Orthodox Christian views gaining more  legitimacy and liberal viewpoints attacked as Moscow's relations with the West have soured. The second reading of the constitutional reform bill is expected to take place on March 10, said a spokeswoman for Pavel Krasheninnikov, co-chief of the constitutional working group. She said the text of the amendments was expected to be published later this week. A public vote on the constitutional reforms has been set for April 22. Analysts see Putin's plan to change the constitution as beginning preparations for succession when his current term ends in 2024, while the opposition says the Kremlin strongman wants to remain leader for life. The reforms will transfer some authority to parliament, including the power to choose the prime minister, and strengthen the role of an advisory body called the State Council, potentially headed by Putin. More than 22,000 people rallied in central Moscow at the weekend to call on Putin not to stay in power indefinitely. According to the Levada Center, an independent pollster, a quarter of Russians will back the constitutional proposals, while 56 percent said they were not sure why the changes were needed.

The Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on March 01-02/2020
Education Reform: What Kind of Arab World Do We Aspire for?
Marwan Muasher/Asharq Al-Awsat/March 02/2020
The novel coronavirus outbreak has entered a new phase with pe
One cannot look at the Arab world today and conclude that things are fine. Waves of popular protests have swept through the Arab world, erupting in 12 of the 22 Arab states.
Foreign conspiracy arguments are no longer convincing to nations hoping to live with dignity, take part in shaping their lives, and for corruption and nepotism to not be among the foundational principles of their societies. While there is an absence of social justice and a productive economy, thought and freedom are restricted, dissenting opinions are not accepted and creativity is discouraged in an almost systematic manner.
We should not be surprised, then, when we see the quantitative indicators coming from the Arab world. The youth unemployment rate in the region is double that of the rest of the world, making it one of the highest in the world. More than 40 percent of youths in many Arab states want to emigrate, while most Arab countries are ranked in some of the lowest positions in the world with regard to indicators of freedom and democratization.
Unfortunately, the gap between us and the rest of the world is growing with the massive acceleration brought about by technology to a global economy that is becoming increasingly more reliant on knowledge than it is on traditional industrial and agricultural activity.
Where do we stand in this transformation? It seems to many that a number of Arab countries have become outside the circle of contemporary society. This is due to our disregard for the essence of matters, Arab governments' insistence on managing economic activity rather than leaving it to the private sector, and their control over the political decision-making process, thereby expelling capable Arabs, who, if they were allowed to, would qualitatively transform educational, technological and digital sectors in the Arab world.
In the era of modern technology, where applications such as Uber revolutionized transportation and Amazon shopping, to give two examples, where does the Arab world fit into these transformations in knowledge as its educational systems are still based on indoctrination, a unilateral education of absolute facts, where the opinions of the teachers who refuse to engage in dialogue are sanctified? How could our educational systems cultivate young people who are not only capable of entering the labor market of the modern era, but also be armed with the skills that allow them to adapt to the ever-changing needs of that market, changing so rapidly that the skills students are required to acquire at university in a specific course would have changed by 30% before they even graduate?
With the exception of the few who were granted real educational opportunities, either by studying abroad or at private educational institutions, an opportunity given only those from social classes that are able to grant it, how could the Arab world claim that its educational systems are preparing its new generation of young people to deal with these new changes while they hardly qualify these students to work in the public sector and engage activities that are mostly unproductive?
How can the new generation adapt itself to the continuous change to the needs of the labor market while it is not trained to think critically, scrutinize, research, express opinion and to learn continuously and accept different opinions? How does the Arab world hope to catch up with modern global civilization while it is not equipped with the ABCs of modern education?
Here, I would like to quote a 2018 report on education in the Arab world that was co-written by many authors. It concluded that “Arab educational systems do not—and indeed are not designed to—foster democratic and engaged citizenship in all of its aspects. Rather than focus on learning more broadly, most of them center more narrowly on the acquisition of defined and approved bodies of knowledge. School systems are designed to use specific academic material, and as a result, teachers are encouraged to impart lower-level cognitive skills (recall and comprehension) at the expense of higher-level ones (application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and critical thinking).
The systems therefore produce graduates with credentials but not the range of skills necessary to deal with the political, economic, and social challenges faced by Arab societies—or even to meet the needs of the workplace, which is the purported goal of many recent reform efforts”.
The problem is not a financial one, for many Arab states spend heavily on education and modern technology allows for access to modern education with the resources at hand. The more significant problem is the singular mode of thinking that has been prevalent in the Arab world for a long time, a mode of thinking that sees any educational reform as going against religious or societal norms or as an attempt by foreign powers to change Arab culture. The insistence on maintaining the current education system under the ridiculous pretext of protecting it from other societies are called for by those who use cell phones, computers, the internet, cars and airplanes and other technologies that are made by other societies. Engaging other societies has been considered degrading by them, while, after Islam entered the Arab world, the Arabs engaged with Persian, Roman and Greek societies, learned things from them that they evolved, built on and exported to the west without any issues.
Educational reform in the Arab should not be conditioned on getting those who want to stand against innovation and creativity on board, regardless of their motives. It does not make sense to use theories of foreign conspiracies to maintain educational systems that are no longer valid for today and tomorrow's worlds. This is an unjustified and unacceptable pretext and should be feared. Educational reform has become a request for survival. It's not a luxury reserved for the elite or a foreign conspiracy, and it is not directed against religion or Arab culture. Rather, it is the adoption of a new intellectual framework that is based on accepting intellectual pluralism, and the realization that difference gives us strength and an impetus towards continuous renewal. For accepting pluralism of thought and lifestyle are requisites for creativity, while the insistence on singularity of thought and action and patriarchal systems hinder our progress in a constantly changing world.
The only result of our insistence on arguing about the basics and clinging to tradition is that it allowed others to produce knowledge and adapt and develop it to serve their societies, while we became mere consumers of this knowledge, without this consumption resulting in a noticeable increase to development of the Arab region.
The battle to develop educational systems in the region is not a political battle as some people like to portray it to be, one in which the outside world tries to trump our national culture; rather, it is an existential battle in which to put an end to the great decline of our societies, which will lead to the Arab nation’s disappearance and underdevelopment. We cannot afford to keep bickering among ourselves until we are outside human civilization, for insisting on living in yesterday's homes prevents us from building tomorrow's dwellings.

Syria and Messages Soaked in Blood
Ghassan Charbel/Asharq Al-Awsat/March 02/2020
The novel coronavirus outbreak has entered a new phase with pe
The terror of the Coronavirus has spread all over the cosmic village and has become the number-one concern of leaders and governments. Two men stayed out of this new equation: Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan. In their offices, the fire of the battles in Idlib took precedence over everything else.
The bloody confrontations between the Turkish and Syrian armies have put the relationship between the Turkish and Russian presidents under a difficult test. A test of prestige, image, and ability to protect interests.
The harshest experiments are those where the parties involved are unable to retract and accept the loss. In Syria, Putin maintains a decisive policy that enables President Bashar al-Assad’s regime to recover all of Syria’s soil. He did not show any signs of anxiety about scenes reminiscent of the “solution” he imposed in Grozny. That is, maximum violence to reach complete victory.
But Syria is not Chechnya. Perhaps that is why Putin has preferred a gradual nibbling policy over devouring a hot meal at once. The Astana and Sochi breaks were just breathtaking truces.
Putin was most likely hoping to complete his project without major obstacles, especially as he puts it under the title of “Fighting terrorists holed up in Idlib.”
Past years have taught him that America does not want to be involved in the Syrian conflict and that Europe is an aging continent that embellishes data to ease the conscience. He knows that NATO has lost the appetite for engagement outside the European arena and that statements by members of the Security Council are like crying over spilled milk.
The nibbling policy required a set of procedures, the first of which is disrupting the role of the Security Council in the Syrian crisis by raising the veto sword. China has often joined the Russian position.
Another procedure is dissociating Israel by allowing it to wage war against Iranian military infrastructure on Syrian soil and establishing a warm relationship with Benjamin Netanyahu.
The Russian policy also required the adaptation of the Turkish position after the Russian plane was shot down, then moving to sow suspicion between Ankara and its NATO allies.
This policy succeeded to the point that Turkey had added the Russian S-400 missiles to its Atlantic arsenal, which aroused the concern of America and NATO countries.
Putin went even further when he gave Turkey the green light to eliminate the “Kurdish entity” along the Syrian side of the border.
The Kremlin master used the Syrian platform to say that Russia was no longer afflicted by the Soviet rubble. It is not a regional power surrounded by the Atlantic pawns. It is a major country that has regained its military, political, and diplomatic strength, despite the size of its economy, which is almost equal to that of Italy. He used the platform to confirm that America is increasingly withdrawing from the region, and that Europe lacks the tools of the role even if it wants to assume it.
Syria was not Putin’s dream alone. It was also Erdogan’s. He established a relationship of cooperation and exchange with its president, whom he proudly called, “My friend Bashar.”
To attract neighboring Syria, Erdogan sent his former foreign minister, Ahmed Davutoglu, 50 times to Assad’s office. But with the outbreak of the “Arab Spring,” calculations changed. Erdogan opened the border to roving fighters to infiltrate into Syrian territory, so they rushed to it from all sides. His need for victory in Syria augmented after the Egyptian army ousted the Brotherhood from their country.
It was not Iran alone that succeeded in saving the Syrian regime. Russia’s military intervention in September 2015 ended Erdogan’s dream.
In his vast palace, Erdogan receives a poisonous defeat. The bodies of the Turkish soldiers arrive, one after another. It is a painful blow that would not have happened, except with Russian interference or at least blessing.
He will not point the finger to Russia because he cannot withstand a confrontation with it. He will go to accuse the Syrian army, but his statements revealed his belief that Russian honey was mixed with poison. He remembered that his forces were standing in front of Russia in Idlib, as well as in Libya. Idlib’s inferno pushed about a million Syrians toward the Turkish border. The continuation of the battles heralds the escape of another million. In parallel to the field revenge, which also hit members of the Lebanese Hezbollah, Erdogan threatened the European Continent with the refugee crisis, amid limited Atlantic solidarity and Donald Trump’s unwillingness to provide direct military support.
In an evening soaked in the blood of soldiers, Erdogan is surprised that the world overlooks Iran’s possession of the decision-making “in four Arab capitals”, while not recognizing Turkey’s right to a part of the Syrian pie.
Another scenario worries him. It is that one day he will leave his Turkish presidential palace, while Bashar Al-Assad will still be the master of his own. Turkey rebelled against the game run by the Russian side. It restored something of the internationalization to the Syrian crisis. But exchanging blood-soaked messages will not lead to a direct military confrontation between the Turkish and Russian armies. The two sides are obliged to reach a new agreement that Ankara wants clearer and more binding. Most probably, Turkey wants a long stay on Syrian soil.

Working Together to Develop a Coronavirus Vaccine
Richard Hatchett/Asharq Al-Awsat/March 02/2020
The novel coronavirus outbreak has entered a new phase with person-to-person transmission now occurring in multiple countries, setting off economic alarm bells around the globe and underscoring the growing risk posed by epidemics in our modern, hyper-connected world.
Stopping disease spread altogether using isolation and quarantine is going to be extremely difficult, although the precautions being taken by governments – including those in the Gulf – can slow it down and will buy valuable time.
The most powerful tool we can bring to bear, however, is a vaccine – and we need to invest now to make it a reality. Vaccines are the one weapon that can stop an infectious disease dead in its tracks.
Even after more than 80,000 cases and 2,700 deaths, mostly in China, there are still many things we do not know about the virus that causes COVID-19. These include the number of people an average infected person goes on to infect, its fatality rate and whether it will exhibit a seasonal pattern, like flu, and die down in the summer months.
But some things are clear: this virus is extremely challenging to contain, it poses a major health risk and if it persists as an ongoing, or endemic, human disease, a vaccine will be all the more crucial.
Because the virus was previously completely unknown – it is just the kind of mystery “Disease X” that health experts have long feared – there are no existing products to treat it or prevent its spread.
Making a vaccine against such an enemy is a formidable task, but we have already moved with unprecedented speed. The effort has been helped by the presence of my organization, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), which was set up in 2017 after West Africa’s deadly Ebola epidemic in 2014-15, to accelerate work on vaccines against emerging infectious diseases. It is a pooled resource for the world against epidemics that do not respect borders, bringing together public, private, philanthropic and civil society organisations.
Typically, a new vaccine takes years – sometimes decades – to develop. However, under a programme that we are funding, biotech company Moderna has already shipped vials of test vaccine to the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), just 42 days after the genetic sequence of the new coronavirus was identified. This record-breaking timetable puts us on track to hit our target of having a vaccine against a previously unknown pathogen ready to test in humans within 16 weeks.
Of course, this is only the start. Even if the vaccine performs as well as hoped, it could take around a year and a half to complete trials and scale up production.
In the current crisis, health experts in the private and public sectors are working as hard and as fast as they can on multiple fronts. CEPI is also supporting work on other COVID-19 vaccines (University of Queensland, Inovio and CureVac) and is collaborating with GSK, the world’s leading vaccine manufacturer. GSK will make available its pandemic adjuvant technology - an adjuvant is a special ingredient that is added to some vaccines to boost the immune response and effectively makes a given supply of vaccine go farther.
We are learning fast and the lessons from research carried out in “peace time” between epidemics is proving vital in fast-tracking work during this emergency. Moderna’s vaccine, for example, builds on experience gained with experimental ones against similar coronaviruses responsible for Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
We are also funding work at universities and biotech firms into new “plug-and-play” vaccine technology platforms. These use standard components as a backbone but can be adapted to fight specific diseases by plugging in different genetic sequences.
Developing new vaccines is not cheap, but the cost we estimate will be needed to advance vaccine candidates through to large-scale clinical trials is a drop in the ocean compared to the economic damage caused by COVID-19. History shows that even small epidemics can have a major economic impact – and the current outbreak is not small. We are already seeing a devastating impact on global trade, travel, working patterns and supply chains. The fallout is reflected in cuts to GDP forecasts and a slump in stock markets.
Today’s world allows pathogens to spread at the speed of a jet plane and the risk of major disease outbreaks is unfortunately increasing. Over the past few years, we have seen a string of outbreaks, including Ebola, Lassa fever, SARS, MERS, Zika and Nipah. But we can prepare. Governments, corporations and civil society must come together now to invest in the vaccines of tomorrow.

Why Are Palestinians Dying in Hamas Prisons?

Bassam Tawil/Gatestone Institute/March 0/2020
The families' calls for launching investigations into the death of their sons while in Hamas detention have been ignored not only by Hamas, but also by the international community, human rights organizations and media.
Al-Sa'afeen's mother emphasized that the Israelis treat Palestinians much better than Hamas does. "When the Jews arrest someone, they contact his family to say they are holding him... But Hamas refused to provide us with any information about the detention of my son or his health condition.... We told [Hamas] that he's sick and needs medicine, but they refused to give him any treatment. Until today, we don't know why my son was arrested."
When Palestinians die in Palestinian prisons, the murders are presumably regarded as the handiwork of supposedly savage Arabs, who are -- with racist contempt -- held to a lower standard of conduct than Westerners, and therefore regarded as unworthy of human rights, accountable governance, due process or equal justice under the law.
They are evidently considered "just" Palestinian families complaining about brutal torture in Palestinian prisons -- so international human rights organizations do not even notice them.
When Palestinians are brutally tortured and die of dubious causes in Hamas prisons, the murders are ignored not only by Hamas, but also by the international community, human rights organizations and media. Pictured: A jailed Palestinian in Gaza City on November 7, 2018.
Essam al-Sa'afeen, a 39-year-old Palestinian from al-Bureij refugee camp in the center of the Gaza Strip, was pronounced dead on February 23, one month after he was arrested by Hamas security forces. His family and friends are demanding answers from Hamas regarding the circumstances of the death al-Sa'afeen, a father of six.
Hamas says it has formed a commission of inquiry to investigate the circumstances surrounding his death.
According to the Hamas-controlled Ministry of Interior, which is in charge of the Palestinian security forces in the Gaza Strip, al-Sa'afeen died shortly after he was transferred from prison to a hospital. The ministry said al-Sa'afeen was rushed to the hospital after a "sudden deterioration in his health condition."
The Palestinian Fatah faction, headed by Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas, has accused Hamas of brutally torturing al-Sa'afeen during his incarceration.
Al-Sa'afeen was a member of Fatah who previously served as a police officer in the PA security forces before Hamas's violent takeover of the Gaza Strip in 2007. On January 27, 2020, masked gunmen arrested al-Sa'afeen on the streets of al-Bureij refugee camp, apparently for his membership in Fatah.
Hamas often arrests Fatah members in the Gaza Strip for their political activities and criticisms of Hamas's leaders and policies. Similarly, the Fatah-dominated PA in the West Bank regularly arrests Palestinians in the West Bank because of their affiliation with Hamas. Palestinians call the security crackdown by both parties "politically-motivated arrests."
The death of al-Sa'afeen did not surprise Palestinians who are familiar with various methods of torture in Hamas and PA prisons. The Gaza-based Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights said that an autopsy conducted by the forensic medicine department on the body of al-Sa'afeen showed "bruises and a change in the color of the skin" -- implying he had been physically abused.
"Al-Mezan Center regrets the death of the detainee and calls for a serious investigation into the conditions of his detention," the center announced in a statement. The Center also called on Hamas to investigate whether al-Sa'afeen had received medical treatment during his detention for the high blood pressure and diabetes from which he suffered.
Addammer, a Palestinian human rights organization in the West Bank, also expressed concern over his death and called for an immediate inquiry.
The organization also called for "providing medical care in detention centers to detainees" and urged Hamas to launch a "serious investigation into this incident and hold those responsible to account."
The Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR), another Palestinian human rights organization, said that it had first become aware of the detention of al-Sa'afeen in early February, when his family appealed to its representatives for help. "Since ICHR received the family's complaint, it tried to visit al-Sa'afeen in prison to learn about the conditions of his detention," the organization disclosed.
"The [Hamas] Internal Security Agency refused to allow our representatives to visit him. We demand a criminal investigation into this incident, the publication of the results and holding accountable those responsible." Al-Sa'afeen's mother emphasized that the Israelis treat Palestinians much better than Hamas does. "When the Jews arrest someone, they contact his family to say they are holding him," she stated.
"But Hamas refused to provide us with any information about the detention of my son or his health condition. We didn't receive any phone call from my son and [Hamas] wouldn't allow us to send him clothes or food or medicine." She added that Hamas did not even inform her family that al-Sa'afeen had been transferred to a hospital. "May God punish all those who assaulted him," she said.
"The Jews allow detainees to phone their families. We didn't receive even one phone call. We told [Hamas] that he's sick and needs medicine, but they refused to give him any treatment. Until today, we don't know why my son was arrested."
The Palestinian news website Amad pointed out that on the same day that al-Sa'afeen was pronounced dead, the Israeli authorities installed phones for the use of Hamas prisoners held in Israeli prisons.
The al-Sa'afeen family later issued a statement saying that in a Hamas prison, their son had died as a result of brutal torture. The family said that they held Hamas and its security forces fully responsible for the death of their son and called for the formation of an independent commission to investigate the circumstances of, and reasons for, his death.
Sadly, al-Sa'afeen's death follows an unacceptable pattern:
In 2011, Hamas announced the death of Ibrahim al-A'raj in one of its prisons two days after he was taken into custody.
In 2015, the family of Khaled al-Balbisi, 41, announced that he had died in a Hamas prison three days after his arrest.
In 2016, a Palestinian human rights group called for an immediate investigation into the death of Ashraf Eid, 40, in a Hamas prison in the town of Deir al-Balah in the Gaza Strip. The group said that Eid died only three days after he was arrested by Hamas security forces.
In 2017, another Palestinian, Khalil Abu Harb, from Gaza City, also died while being held in a Hamas prison. Hamas then promised to investigate the incident, but no results have ever been published. Some reports claimed that Abu Harb had committed suicide.
A year later, another detainee, whose name has never been released, was found dead in his prison cell in the town of Rafah in the Gaza Strip. No one has ever heard the result of any investigation into this case, as well.
Also in 2018, Palestinians reported that a 21-year-old man, whose identity was also not known, had died of a "heart attack" in a Hamas prison in the northern Gaza Strip.
The families of al-Sa'afeen and the other Palestinians who have died in Hamas prisons are deluding themselves if they think they will ever receive satisfactory explanations from Hamas regarding the circumstances of these deaths.
The families' calls for launching investigations into the death of their sons while in Hamas detention have been ignored not only by Hamas, but also by the international community, human rights organizations and media.
Palestinian detainees do not die of dubious causes in Israeli prisons; perhaps that is why no one in the international community seems to care. When Palestinians die in Palestinian prisons, the murders are presumably regarded as the handiwork of supposedly savage Arabs, who are -- with racist contempt -- held to a to lower standard of conduct than Westerners, and therefore regarded as unworthy of human rights, accountable governance, due process or equal justice under the law.
They are evidently considered "just" Palestinian families complaining about brutal torture in Palestinian prisons -- so international human rights organizations do not even notice them.
*Bassam Tawil is based in the Middle East.
© 2020 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute. No part of the Gatestone website or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied or modified, without the prior written consent of Gatestone Institute.

China Cracks Down on Religion Even Harder
Judith Bergman/Gatestone Institute/March 0/2020
"In practice, your religion no longer matters, if you are Buddhist, or Taoist, or Muslim or Christian: the only religion allowed is faith in the Chinese Communist Party." — A Catholic priest, AsiaNews.it, December 31, 2019.
One mother, who is a member of The Church of Almighty God, said that her son told her to abandon her faith when he returned home after school. "My son told me that if I get arrested, our entire family will be finished. He threatened to jump off the building to end his life if I continued practicing my faith," she recently told Bitter Winter.
One shop-owner told Bitter Winter, "A few years ago, many shops sold religious couplets. In 2018, the government started banning them. Last year, all couplets were confiscated from shops, and this year, sellers are threatened to be fined and imprisoned. No one sells them in Shangqiu anymore. Who dares to risk?"
China, meanwhile, maintains that its human rights record is admirable. According to Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang, "The Chinese people are in the best position to judge China's human rights condition, which is at its historical best." — Time.com, January 15, 2020.
One mother in China, who is a member of The Church of Almighty God, recently said that her son told her to abandon her faith when he returned home after school. "My son told me that if I get arrested, our entire family will be finished. He threatened to jump off the building to end his life if I continued practicing my faith." Pictured: Members of The Church of Almighty God commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre, on June 4, 2019 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)
China is increasing its already extremely severe suppression of religious freedom. More than a year ago, at a November 2018 hearing of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, the President of the Religious Freedom Institute, Thomas F. Farr, described China's religious suppression as "the most systematic and brutal attempt to control Chinese religious communities since the Cultural Revolution."
On December 30, 2019, China's Communist Party (CCP) announced new "Administrative Measures for Religious Groups". The measures -- which came into force on February 1, 2020 -- stipulate that religious organizations exist to promote the CCP and its ideology, according to Bitter Winter, a magazine on religious liberty and human rights in China.
According to article 17 of the new measures:
"Religious organizations shall spread the principles and policies of the Chinese Communist Party, as well as national laws, regulations, and rules, to religious staff and religious citizens, and educate and guide religious staff and religious citizens to support the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, support the socialist system, and adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics..."
"In practice, your religion no longer matters, if you are Buddhist, or Taoist, or Muslim or Christian: the only religion allowed is faith in the Chinese Communist Party," a Catholic priest said.
The Communist ideology, it seems, does not tolerate competing narratives.
The new administrative measures have been accompanied by an intensification of educational indoctrination. In one city, Bitter Winter notes, schoolchildren were told to sign pledges to stay away from religion. Their parents received letters explaining that children cannot hold religious beliefs "because they are unable to think independently, as they are at a critical stage of development, both physically and mentally, which is crucial for establishing correct outlook on the world, life, and values".
Also, according to Bitter Winter:
"A variety of government-issued documents order schools 'to make the most of the adolescence' and 'increase anti-religious publicity' by organizing meetings for students and using broadcasts, bulletins, and other means, to achieve 'the goal of planting anti-religious thoughts into young students' minds and hearts'... Anti-religious propaganda is also extended to students' families and society at large, as communities are encouraged to get involved in the indoctrination of the young 'by setting examples and influencing each other.'"
Bitter Winter additionally reported that a high school teacher in Yichun warned students that "their families' future will be ruined and even their descendants will be implicated if anyone in their families believes in God." One mother, who is a member of The Church of Almighty God, said that her son told her to abandon her faith when he returned home after school. "My son told me that if I get arrested, our entire family will be finished. He threatened to jump off the building to end his life if I continued practicing my faith," she recently told Bitter Winter.
The Church of Almighty God (CAG) is a relatively new Christian movement in China, established in the 1990s. It is currently said to be the most persecuted religious group in the country. According to the Church of Almighty God's "2019 Annual Report on the Chinese Communist Government's Persecution of The Church of Almighty God":
"According to incomplete statistics, just between 2011 and the end of 2019, more than 400,000 CAG Christians were arrested by the Chinese authorities, and it is well-documented that the number of believers who have died as a result of persecution since the Church's establishment has reached 146."
In 2019, also according to the report:
"...at least 32,815 CAG Christians were directly persecuted by the authorities... because they engaged in such normal church activities as attending gatherings and preaching the gospel... at least 6,132 members have been arrested... with 3,824 members suffering all manner of cruel tortures and forced indoctrination; 1,355 members have been sentenced, with 481 members given severe sentences of 3 years or more, 64 members given sentences of 7 years or more, and 12 members having been sentenced to 10 years or more... at least 19 believers died as a result of persecution... The figures above only represent a portion of the CAG Christians victimized by the CCP during the past year...".
In the Hubei province, Bitter Winter states, authorities have cracked down on Buddhist and Taoists places of worship, leaving believers "with no place to worship, and monks forced to return to secular life." In August, 40 out of 79 temples in one town were sealed off. Authorities also literally destroy temples and statues. "We just worship Bodhisattva and burn incense. But officials attacked our temple like a gang of bandits," one elderly believer told Bitter Winter. "They are inhuman. What can people like us do about it? We can't stop them."
In January, Gatestone Institute's Lawrence A. Franklin wrote about the atrocities committed against the approximately one million incarcerated Chinese Muslims -- Uighurs, Kazakhs and others -- in detention centers and how they are forcefully "re-educated," including "horrific physical abuse, such as forced organ removal, abortions and medical 'experiments'".
The Chinese government even prohibited religious couplets, which according to Bitter Winter are a Chinese form of poetry, "a tradition spanning generations when people write their wishes, often on red paper, and hang them on the doors or gates of their homes. Spring Festival couplets are the most common and traditional form to celebrate the Chinese New Year." One shop-owner told Bitter Winter:
"A few years ago, many shops sold religious couplets. In 2018, the government started banning them. Last year, all couplets were confiscated from shops, and this year, sellers are threatened to be fined and imprisoned. No one sells them in Shangqiu anymore. Who dares to risk?"
China, meanwhile, maintains that its human rights record is admirable. According to Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang, "The Chinese people are in the best position to judge China's human rights condition, which is at its historical best."
Judith Bergman, a columnist, lawyer and political analyst, is a Distinguished Senior Fellow at Gatestone Institute.
© 2020 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute. No part of the Gatestone website or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied or modified, without the prior written consent of Gatestone Institute.

Is Turkey creating another European migrant crisis?
Simon Waldman/The National/March 02/2020
سيمون ولدمان: هل تقوم تركيا بإثارة أزمة هجرة جديدة إلى أوروبا
Ankara is escalating the war in Syria while using the conflict's refugees to extort Europe
Thursday’s air strike that killed 33 Turkish soldiers in Idlib marked a momentous escalation in the conflict between Turkish-supported forces in Syria and the Russian-backed regime of Bashar Al Assad. Blaming Mr Al Assad for the attack, Ankara retaliated with a range of deadly strikes of its own against regime targets.
Turkey’s situation in Idlib is precarious to say the least. Embattled, it lacks an endgame in Syria and is effectively fighting not only the Assad regime but also Russia. This is despite Ankara’s concerted effort in recent years to develop close relations with Moscow, even to the detriment of its ties with traditional western allies. Now, it is finding itself isolated with few friends in the international community to help it out of its Syrian quagmire.
Family members and political leaders attend funeral prayers for Halil Cankaya, 24, one of 36 Turkish soldiers killed on Thursday in a Syrian army attack in the Idlib area of Syria, in Ankara, Turkey, Sunday, March 1, 2020. (
This explains why, in yet another attempt to blackmail the Europeans into helping Ankara in its proxy war, Turkey declared on Friday that its 2016 migration deal with Europe was over, pushing many of the 3.7 million Syrian refugees living within its borders for Greece and Bulgaria.
However, such recklessness on the part of Turkey will only anger Europe and harden anti-Turkish attitudes among the elites there. Europe has reinforced its borders with Turkey and taken measures to prevent migrants from entering. The reality is that Europe’s wish to stay away from the horrors taking place in Idlib is stronger than a few thousand refugees slipping through its borders.
Turkey should not expect significant US support – or the beginning of some kind of rapprochement with Washington
Ankara might take heart in the initial reaction of the US. When asked about a possible role in Syria following the attacks, Kay Bailey Hutchison, Washington’s envoy to Nato, responded that “everything is on the table”. She even expressed her hopes that the Turkish people will understand that the US is “the ally of their past and their future”. Meanwhile, the influential US senator Lindsey Graham called for a no-fly zone over Idlib, something that Ankara has wanted for years.
Nevertheless, Turkey should not expect significant US support – or the beginning of some kind of rapprochement with Washington.
Sure, the US along with Nato and Europe will continue to make strongly worded statements in support of Turkey. In a symbolic act of solidarity, Nato might offer to make one or two additional reconnaissance flights over Syria. If the administration of Donald Trump is feeling particularly generous, Turkey could even find itself in possession of one or two Patriot surface-to-air missile batteries in return for some kind of concession. But that is as much support as Turkey is likely to receive.
Despite the opinion of Senator Graham, it is highly improbable that the Trump administration would agree to a no-fly zone over Idlib or offer any other type of direct military support. For a no-fly zone to work, the US – either alone or with Nato – would have to commit forces and risk a conflagration with Russia, which will be loathed to give up its monopoly over Idlib’s skies.
President Trump, who has vowed to end “costly” wars and is about to embark on a re-election campaign, will no doubt be risk-averse to new foreign entanglements. Although he has sought to ease tensions with Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in recent months, he might also look to avoid having any hostilities with Russia.
Undoubtedly, Ankara is largely to blame for the situation it finds itself in. For years, it has treated its traditional allies with disdain and ignored their security concerns. This includes turning a blind eye to ISIS militants entering Syria through Turkey, subverting the Iranian sanctions act of the US Congress through a Turkish state-owned bank, threatening to revoke Nato’s use of Turkish bases, purchasing the S-400 missile system from Russia despite repeated warnings of the security risks, and refusing to back Nato’s plans for the defence of the Baltics ahead of last December’s Nato summit, to name just a few examples.
Turkey’s isolation is the consequence of Ankara’s foolhardy policy of alienating the West while over-committing itself in the grinding Syrian civil war. Without strong allies, it will have little choice but to swallow the bitter pill and accept Russia’s terms for a temporary ceasefire, which will serve to consolidate the recent gains made by Mr Al Assad in Idlib.
Then, instead of taking ownership of their reckless policies, Mr Erdogan and his inner circle will declare this yet another example of Turkey being abandoned by the West.
*Simon Waldman is an associate fellow at the Henry Jackson Society and a visiting research fellow at King's College London.